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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning and characterization of the casein kinase II .alpha. subunit gene from the lymphocyte-transforming intracellular protozoan parasite Theileria parva (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 31 (1992), S. 6193-6202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00142a004
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Vitro Characteristics of the Microsporidian: Enterocytozoon salmonis (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 42 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Enterocytozoon salmonis, an intranuclear microsporidian of salmonid fish, was propagated in vitro using chinook salmon mononuclear leukocytes. Characteristic morphology and infectivity of the cultured parasites were evaluated to determine the effect of in vitro maintenance and passage on the parasites. Cultured parasites developed through several stages from meronts to infectious spores. Parasites obtained from in vitro passages tested up to the 17th subculture, retained their morphological characteristics and pathogenicity for chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). The disease induced by experimental infections with parasites from in vitro cultures was ideniical to that observed in naturally infected chinook salmon. An examination of supernatants obtained from the infected cultures revealed evidence of soluble factor(s) produced by E. salmonis-infected cells that stimulated uninfected target cells in vitro. This observation may explain in part the proliferative disease of hematopoietic tissues which characterizes the disease in infected chinook salmon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1995.tb01602.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Isolation and Partial Characterization of A Babesia Sp. From Desert Bighorn Sheep (Ovis Canadensis Nelsoni) (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 40 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . A novel Babesia parasite of desert bighorn sheep was isolated. Its taxonomic description, host range, pathogenicity and antigenic relatedness were in vestigated. the parasite was infective for black-tailed and white-tailed deer, but with host-specific differences compared to that of bighorn sheep. A splenectomized calf and domestic sheep were refractory to infection. A comparative immunofluorescence assay detected antigens cross-reactive with Babesia odocoilei, B. divergens, B. equi and B. caballi, but not with B. bovis or, B. bigemina. Babesia odocoilei was also infective for bighorn sheep, allowing comparison by a cross-challenge experiment, the results of which supported the conclusion that this parasite was not B. odocoilei. However, the bighorn sheep Babesia cannot currently be distinguished from B. capreoli described from roe deer in northern Germany. Data indicate that, while this parasite may not present a problem for domestic animals, it may cause disease in bighorn sheep and deer populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1993.tb04909.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlated distribution of actin, myosin, and microtubules at the leading edge of migrating swiss 3T3 fibroblasts (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 527-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: immunofluorescence ; video-enhanced contrast microscopy ; protrusions ; lamellipodia ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The formation of lamellipodia in migrating cells involves dynamic processes that occur in a cyclic manner as the leading edge of a cell slowly advances. We used video-enhanced contrast microscopy (VEC) to monitor the motile behavior of cells to classify protrusions into the temporal stages of initial and established protrusions (Fisher et al.: Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 11:235-247, 1988), and to monitor the fixation of cells. Multiple parameter fluorescence imaging methods (DeBiasio et al.: Journal of Cell Biology 105:1613-1622, 1987; Waggoner et al.: Methods in Cell Biology, Vol. 30, Part B, pp. 449-478, 1989) were then used to determine and to map accurately the distributions of actin, myosin and microtubules in specific types of protrusions. Initial protrustions exhibited no substructure as evidenced by VEC and actin was diffusely arranged, while myosin and microtubules were absent. Newly established protrusions contained diffuse actin as well as actin in microspikes. There was a delay in the appearance of myosin into established protrusions relative to the presence of actin. Microtubules were found in established protrusions after myosin was detected, and they were oriented parallel to the direction of migration. Actin and myosin were also localized in fibers transverse to the direction of migration at the base of initial and established protrusions. Image analysis was used to quantify the orientation of actin fibers relative to the leading edge of motile cells. The combined use of VEC, multiple parameter immunofluorescence, and image analysis should have a major impact on defining complex relationships within cells.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140410
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Centripetal transport of cytoplasm, actin, and the cell surface in lamellipodia of fibroblasts (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 11 (1988), S. 235-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: video-enhanced contrast microscopy ; transverse fibers ; transport ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Wound healing in Swiss 3T3 cultures was investigated with video-enhanced contrast (VEC) microscopy. The formation of protrusions at the leading edge of cells along wounds was investigated in detail during the spreading stage, which usually lasted from 1 to 4 hr postwounding. Lamellipodia exhibited a continuous rearward, or centripetal, transport of a variety of cellular constituents at rates of ∼0.26 μm/sec from the leading edge. The lamellipodia were also the sites of lateral migration as well as extension and retraction of actin microspikes. Actin fibers oriented transversely to the direction of movement were also observed to transport centripetally at similar rates. These fibers may in part give rise to large actin fibers forming at the interface between the base of the lamellipodia and the lamellae. Beads 0.5 μm in diameter attached to the dorsal surfaces of lamellipodia also transported centripetally at rates of ∼0.21 μm/sec. Thus there is an apparent correlation between transport of a variety of structures within lamellipodia and with surface movements of lamellipodia.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970110403
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapidly-secreting, cultured oat cells serve as a model system for the study of cellular exocytosis. Characterization of cells and isolated secretory vesicles (1982)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 112 (1982), S. 196-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Secretion ; Vesicles ; Ultrastructure ; Cultured cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Callus-derived suspension cultures of oats dramatically increase the viscosity of the culture media after one month in culture. Colorimetric assays for sugars and protein, as well as measurements of viscosity, suggest that the released material is a long-chain polysaccharide, probably a pectinaceous substance. These cells grow slowly in liquid culture, yet despite their low cell density, they are able to increase the viscosity of the media several fold within seven days after media transfer. Ultrastructural observations show that oat cells have features common to actively-secreting cells; especially evident are numerous dictyosomes with hypertrophied cisternae. Using a combination of filtering and centrifugation techniques we were able to recover large numbers of intact secretory vesicles. The interior of the vesicles stain with periodic acid-silver hexamine, and colormetric analysis of the vesicle pellet for total sugars confirms the presence of polysaccharides in this vesicle fraction. Because of the uniformity of these cells, the high rate of secretion, and the accessability of a large vesicle population, this culture system is'a useful model for studying the secretory process in plant cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01284094
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bud formation inFunaria: Organelle redistribution following cytokinin treatment (1986)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 131 (1986), S. 211-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Bud formation ; Cytokinin ; Funaria ; Morphometry ; Polarity ; Tip growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cytokinin stimulates caulonemata ofFunaria to undergo an asymmetric division leading to the gametophore. The earliest detectable event is a small protuberance at the distal portion of the cell accompanied by the reorganization of the underlying organelles into a polarized distribution reminiscent of a tip growing cell. Dictyosomes and associated vesicles accumulate in the protuberance directly beneath the plasma membrane with mitochondria subjacent to the vesicular layer. Endoplasmic reticulum lies beneath the mitochondrial zone directly above the large central vacuole, while chloroplasts are outside the bud. As development continues the bud elongates causing the outer cell wall to exfoliate. During the above events the nucleus migrates toward the bud site concomitant with an increase in the number of microtubules between the nucleus and the base of the outgrowth. Nucleoli, extruded from the nucleus during a previous division, persist as diffuse fragments within the protuberance. Upon reaching the bud site, division occurs with the developing phragmoplast being initiated distal to the caulonema tip cell. The former polarized distribution of the cytoplasm is altered as mitochondria, chloroplasts and small vacuoles become evenly dispersed throughout the cytoplasm; dicytosomes and endoplasmic reticulum occupy a cortical position. These events indicate a change from 2-D tip growth to 3-D diffuse growth. To quantify the ultrastructural changes associated with bud formation we performed a morphometric analysis of cells in various stages of budding. The relative volumes of dictyosomes and vesicles adjacent to the bud apex decrease during bud development coincident with an increase in these organelles in lower portions of the cytoplasm. Mitochondria and chloroplasts follow this same pattern although their highest relative volumes initially are 4 μm from the bud apex and outside the bud site, respectively. These data, as well as density profile topographic maps for vesicle fractions, support the contention that cytokinin induces a change in morphological symmetry and polarity in the fine structure ofFunaria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282984
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental infection of nude mice as a model for Sarcocystisneurona-associated encephalitis (1997)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 83 (1997), S. 706-711 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The development of a rodent model for the study of Sarcocystisneurona encephalitis is described. Animal models have been developed for a number of protozoal parasites; however, no such model exists for S. neurona. The approach used in this study is similar to that employed for other closely related protozoal parasites such as Neosporacaninum and Toxoplasmagondii. A time course of infection was examined, and histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and parasite isolation were used to examine the pathogenesis and follow the infection from 1 to 6 weeks postinoculation. S.neurona was associated with the development of encephalitis in these mice, and the immune status determined the susceptibility of these mice to S. neurona-associated encephalitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050323
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma expression in the spleen and lungs of mice infected with the human Babesia isolate WA1 (2000)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 86 (2000), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We analyzed cytokine expression in mice infected with the intraerythrocytic parasites Babesia microti and WA1. In C3H/HeN mice, WA1 infections were fatal, whereas B. microti infections were resolved. We propose that the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) contribute to the WA1-associated disease. WA1 infection was characterized by up-regulation of TNFα and IFNγ mRNA in the spleen. Previous studies in WA1-infected mice showed that pathologic lesions occurred primarily in the lungs, including pulmonary edema and intravascular margination of leukocytes. Analysis of cytokine expression in the lungs is important for an understanding of the disease process in WA1-infected mice. Expression of both TNFα and IFNγ mRNA was increased in the lungs of WA1-infected mice. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the up-regulation of these proinflammatory cytokines in the lungs. Expression of TNFα and IFNγ was not up-regulated in the lungs of B. microti-infected mice. The results implicate TNFα and IFNγ in the pathogenesis of WA1-associated disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050021
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA probes detectTheileria parva in the salivary glands ofRhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks (1991)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 77 (1991), S. 590-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ability ofTheileria parva-specific DNA probes to detectT. parva sporoblasts and sporozoites in samples prepared from the salivary glands of infectedRhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks was evaluated. The two DNA probes used, pgTpM-23 and lgTpM-58, were selected from a genomic library ofT. parva (Muguga) piroplasm DNA. In all, 25–200 adult ticks infected with each of 6 differentT. parva stocks were tested. One salivary gland from each tick was processed for DNA hybridization, whereas the other was stained and examined by light microscopy to determine the number of infected acini. The correlation for the detection of infected acini between the two methods was 90%–100% for both probes, except when the pgTpM-23 probe was hybridised to salivary glands from ticks infected with the Mariakani stock ofT. parva (84% correlation). The discrepancy lay within the range expected, based on the observation that in 12.5% of the ticks, only one salivary gland was infected. The probes did not hybridize to salivary glands from uninfected ticks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00931019
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