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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic and environmental influences on conduct disorder: symptom, domain and full-scale analyses (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 46 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background:  We used variable threshold models which accounted for age and gender differences to investigate the genetic and environmental influences on DSM-IV conduct disorder (CD) at the level of symptoms, aggressive versus non-aggressive domains, and full-scale.Method:  A community sample of 1100 twin pairs (age 11–18) was interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children.Results:  Behavior genetic model fitting suggested that genetic and environmental influences on individual symptoms varied by symptom. The best-fitting models for aggressive and non-aggressive domains, and full-scale CD included additive genetic effects and unique environmental effects only (AE models). These effects could be constrained across age cohorts and sex. The results suggest that using models that incorporate age- and gender-appropriate thresholds specific to each subject we can account for prevalence differences between cohorts. Heritability estimates were .49, .55 and .53 for the aggressive domain, non-aggressive domain, and full-scales, respectively. These results are in contrast to previous research on antisocial behavior measured with the CBCL reporting higher heritability for aggressive versus non-aggressive domains.Conclusions:  Results suggest that individual symptoms of CD may be differentially heritable. Additionally, CD assessed using DSM-IV criteria may show differing patterns of heritability compared with estimates obtained for other measures of antisocial behavior such as the CBCL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00373.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sibling-based association analyses of the serotonin transporter polymorphism and internalizing behavior problems in children (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 44 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background: Childhood internalizing problems are often precursors in the development of more serious psychiatric syndromes including anxiety and depressive disorders. Twin studies of the etiology of these disorders suggest that the genetic risk factors underlying anxiety and depression are highly correlated. However, the specific genetic mechanisms responsible for this risk have not yet been identified.Methods: We examined the association between childhood internalizing problems and a functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) in 711 children participating in a longitudinal twin study of behavioral and emotional development. Internalizing problems were measured at ages 4, 7, 9, 10, 11 and 12 years using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) parent report form. We applied a sibling-based methodology for estimating allelic association with quantitative traits, while controlling for population stratification.Results: No associations were found for CBCL Internalizing problems at any age, including the subscales for Somatic Complaints, Withdrawn and Anxiety/Depression.Conclusions: Thus, although our results did not support the hypothesis that the 5-HTTLPR contributes to a dimensional expression of internalizing behavior problems, this does not rule out the possibility that it is an interesting polymorphism to pursue in the search for genetic risk factors related to major depressive and/or anxiety disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00180
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The validity of analyses testing the etiology of comorbidity between two disorders: a review of family studies (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 44 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background:  Knowledge regarding the causes of comorbidity between two disorders has a significant impact on research regarding the classification, treatment, and etiology of the disorders. Two main analytic methods have been used to test alternative explanations for the causes of comorbidity in family studies: biometric model fitting and family prevalence analyses. Unfortunately, the conclusions of family studies using these two methods have been conflicting. In the present study, we examined the validity of family prevalence analyses in testing alternative comorbidity models.Method:  We reviewed 42 family studies that used family prevalence analyses to test three comorbidity models: the alternate forms model, the correlated liabilities model, or the three independent disorders model. We conducted the analyses used in these studies on datasets simulated under the assumptions of 13 alternative comorbidity models including the three models tested most often in the literature.Results:  Results suggest that some analyses may be valid tests of the alternate forms model (i.e., two disorders are alternate manifestations of a single liability), but that none of the analyses are valid tests of the correlated liabilities model (i.e., a significant correlation between the risk factors for the two disorders) or the three independent disorders model (i.e., the comorbid disorder is a third, independent disorder).Conclusion:  Family studies using family prevalence analyses may have made incorrect conclusions regarding the etiology of comorbidity between disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00149
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Personality Correlates of Heroic Rescue During the Holocaust (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Journal of personality 73 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated the extent to which personality variables can be used to discriminate non-Jewish heroes of the Holocaust from bystanders and from a comparison group of prewar European immigrants who left their countries of origin prior to World War II. Eighty verified rescuers, 73 bystanders, and 43 immigrants were administered measures of locus of control, autonomy, risk taking, social responsibility, tolerance/authoritarianism, empathy, and altruistic moral reasoning. A three-group discriminant function analysis was able to correctly classify 80.2% of the sample by a combination of personality and demographic variables. When the bystanders and immigrants, who differed very little from each other, were grouped together and compared to the rescuers, the personality variables alone correctly classified 93.1% of the sample. Implications regarding the relationship between personality and altruistic behavior, as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00333.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Colorado Adoption Project: General cognitive ability and height data at ages 1 to 4 years (1992)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 22 (1992), S. 225-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01067001
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Familial resemblance for the Identical Blocks Test of spatial ability: No evidence for X linkage (1980)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 10 (1980), S. 211-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: familial resemblance ; spatial ability ; sex difference ; sex linkage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The Identical Blocks Test of spatial ability was administered to subsamples of the two largest ethnic groups tested in the Hawaii Family Study of Cognition—Americans of European ancestry (171 families) and Americans of Japanese ancestry (98 families). Results of a hierarchical multiple regression analysis of family data and correlational analyses provided no evidence to support the hypothesis that spatial ability is influenced by a major, X-linked, recessive gene. Thus it appears that recent failures to replicate the sex-linkage pattern obtained by Stafford (1961) are not due to differences in the tests employed. We suggest that alternative explanations should be sought for the well-known sex difference in spatial ability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066271
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative trait loci for ethanol sensitivity in the LS X SS recombinant inbred strains: Interval mapping (1996)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 26 (1996), S. 447-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Gene mapping ; LS and SS ; pharmacogenetics ; quantitative genetics ; mice ; alcohol action
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract We are mapping the genes (quantitative trait loci or QTLs) that are responsible for individual differences in ethanol sensitivity, measured as the duration of loss of righting reflex (LORR) and blood ethanol concentrations upon recovery of the righting reflex (BEC). The Long-Sleep (LS) and Short-Sleep (SS) selected lines of mice manifest an 18-fold difference in LORR and serve as a rodent model for ethanol sensitivity. The LS x SS recombinant inbred (RI) series, developed from LS and SS lines, are an important resource for QTL mapping of ethanol-related responses. The current report summarizes the initial QTL analysis of LORR and BEC in the LS x SS strains and compares the results of correlational analysis with an interval-mapping approach. The data provide strong evidence for QTLs that influence ethanol sensitivity on mouse chromosomes 1 and 2 and possible QTLs on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 16, and 18. These results are compared to those from an F2 cross which confirms QTLs on chromsomes 1, 2, 4, and 18.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02359489
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