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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 87 ; 82.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 3 (1984), S. 44-61 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Disperse systems ; Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si descrive in dettaglio la strumentazione usata per la diffusione di luce laser sia statica che dinamica. La calibrazione assoluta dell'intensità media della luce diffusa è ottenuta sfruttando l'esistenza di un punto critico inferiore di consoluzione in una soluzione acquosa di micelle non ioniche (H2O-C12E8) a bassa concentrazione. I risultati ottenuti suggeriscono che le soluzioni micellari possono essere utilizzate in modo efficace come diffusori standard per esperimenti di diffusione di luce statica e dinamica.
    Abstract: Резюме Подробно описывается аппаратура, которая используется для исследования полного и квазиупругого рассеяния лазерного света в мицеллярных растворах. Получается абсолютная калибровка рассеянной интенсивности, используя существование нижней критической точки в водном расторе неионных мицелий (H2O-C12H8) низкой концентрации. Полученные результаты показывают, что мицеллярные растворы могут представлять очень удобный стандарт по рассеянию света для статических и динамических экспериментов.
    Notes: Summary The laser light scattering apparatus used for both total intensity and quasi-elastic light scattering experiments on micellar solutions is described in detail. The absolute calibration of the scattered intensity is obtained by exploiting the existence of a lower critical consolution point in a low-concentration aqueous solution of a nonionic amphiphile (C12E8). The obtained results suggest that micellar solutions may represent a very convenient light scattering standard for both static and dynamic experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1743-1753 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Superconducting materials (excluding high-T c cuprates) ; Nuclear magnetic resonance and relaxation ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary An overview on some works recently carried out by means of pulsed NMR-NQR experiments is given. The choice of the arguments is aimed at providing a flash on the topics and phenomena most tipically studied with the afore-mentioned approach: from the antiferromagnets (AF) precursors of high-temperature superconductors upon charge and spin doping (such as CuO-doped Li, La2CuO4-doped Sr and Zn) to the doping regime leading to superconductivity in LASCO and YBCO with the related issues involving the comparison with the Fermi-liquid behaviour, the possible opening of a pseudo-spin-gap aboveT c and the anisotropy and field effect ratios belowT c, the latter also in relation to thes-wave ord-wave orbital coupling. Finally, the topic of the motions of the flux lines in YBCO is addressed, in particular by discussing some experiments based on spin-echo dephasing due to thermal excitations and in the presence of d.c. currents and pulsed magnetic fields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 11 (1989), S. 1785-1804 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Superconducting films
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Sono presentate misure di rilassamento NQR spin-spin e spin-reticolo per139La in La2−x Sr x CuO4−y , perx compreso tra 0 e 0.3 e a contenuto variabile di ossigeno, nell'intervallo di temperaturaT tra 1.6 e 450 K. I risultati delle misure vengono dapprima analizzati alla luce dei possibili meccanismi di rilassamento e si mostra come in un ampio intervallo di valori dix e diT il meccanismo dominante è costituito dalla dinamica e dalle correlazioni degli spin di Cu++. Allo scopo di spiegare i risultati ottenuti, viene introdotto un modello euristico in cui il grado di correlazione magnetica che conseguirebbe dall'interazione di superscambio Cu−Cu viene ridotto da difetti mobili (solitoni o holoni) che insediano un bagno termico di eccitazioni magnetiche simile a un liquido, descritto da un tempo di correlazione τd che dipende dalla concentrazione di tali difetti ed è termicamente attivato. L'energia di attivazione per τd risulta inversamente proporzionale alla concentrazione di difetti mobili. Oltre a giustificare compiutamente le risultanze sperimentali, tale modello consente di ricavare quantitativamente la dipendenza dax e daT della lunghezza di correlazione, che risulta in accordo con quella nota aT=77K dallo scattering di neutroni. Sono anche brevemente discusse le implicazioni del modello su altre grandezze come la suscettività magnetica, la dipendenza della temperatura di Neel dax e la conducibilità elettrica.
    Abstract: Резюме Приводятся результаты измерений139La NQR спин-спиновой и спинрешеточной релаксации в La2−x Sr x CuO4−y дляx в области от 0 доx=0.3 и для различного содержания кислорода, в области температур (1.6÷450)K. Полученные данные анализируются в терминах различных механизмов релаксации. Доминиркющий механизм релаксации для большенства значенийx и в рассматриваемой области температур связан с магнитными корреляциями Cu++−Cu++ и спиновой динамикой. Для объяснения полученных данных мы вводим эвристическую модель, с помощью которой степень магнитных корреляций, которые зависят от силы Cu−Cu обменной связи, сводится к подвижным заряженным дефектам (солитовы или голоны), обусловленным термостатом магнитных возбужений, описываемых зависящим от концентрации и термически активированным временем корреляции τd. Энергия активации для τd обратно пропорциональна концентрации подвижных дефектов. Показывается, что данные дляT 1 определяют зависимость корреляции отx и отT, причем количественная оценка согласуется с данными по рассеянию нейтронов. Вкратце обсуждаются возможные применения предложенной модели к другим величинам: магнитной восприимчивости, зависимости температуры Нееля (точки Кюри) отx и электропроводности.
    Notes: Summary 139La NQR spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation measurements in La2−x Sr x CuO4−y are presented, forx ranging from zero to 0.3 and for variable oxygen content, in the temperature range (1.6÷450) K. The data are analysed in terms of the different possible relaxation mechanisms. The dominant relaxation mechanism over most of thex andT range is associated with the Cu++−Cu++ magnetic correlations and spin dynamics. To explain the data we introduce a heuristic model whereby the degree of magnetic correlations, that would result from the strength of the Cu−Cu exchange coupling, is reduced by mobile charge defects (solitons or holons) causing a liquidlike thermal bath of magnetic excitations described by a concentration-dependent and thermally activated correlation time τd. The activation energy for τd is inversely proportional to the concentration of mobile defects. It is shown that theT 1 data yield thex andT dependence of the correlation length, with quantitative estimate in agreement with neutron scattering results. Some implications of the model on other quantities, like magnetic susceptibility,x dependence of the Neel temperature and electric conductivity, are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1793-1797 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Response to electromagnetic fields ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; ultrasonic attenuation ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary 139La NQR spectra, μSR precessional frequencies and NQR relaxation ratesW driven by the Cu2+ spin fluctuations are used to study the static magnetic properties and the low-energy spin excitations upon substitution of Zn2+ (S=0) for Cu2+ (S=1/2) in the antiferromagnetic (AF) phases of La2 Cu1−x Zn x O4. It is found that the Neel temperaturesT N decrease withx almost linearly, with initial suppression rate close to 4, while the sublttice magnetization is only slightly affected, close to the behaviour expected for a 2DS=1/2 Heisenberg AF in the framework of dilution model. Also the spin wave spectrum appears slightly affected by Zn doping, with moderate effects possibly related to disorder in the AF interactions and/or to finite size. A novel and remarkable effect is observed forT≤100 K. The relaxation ratesW show large maxima, withx-dependentW max andT max. This phenomenon is attributed to the cooperative freezing of local magnetic moments induced by Zn on Cu orbitals. Information on the characteristic fluctuation frequencies and on the spin-glass state superimposed to the AF matrix are thus obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 16 (1994), S. 1391-1400 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Physical chemistry of solutions of biological macromolecules ; Conference proceedings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Glucosidic surfactants play an important role in living matter. An interesting class of them are the gangliosides which have a double-tail hydrophobic part, like phospholipids, and a ramified oligosaccharide chain as polar head. The large hydrophobic moiety ensures very low CMC values, of the order of 10−8 M. Phospholipids have a small head group compared with their hydrophobic part. Therefore they form mainly bilayer-type structures in water. Gangliosides, instead, may form either micelles or bilayers depending on the length and conformation of the oligosaccharide chain. For long chains, micelles are formed with a large aggregation number and a long lifetime (many hours), while vesicles are found for short sugar chains. The presence of a large head group makes vesicle mechanical properties rather peculiar. For instance, the ganglioside GM3, which has the longest sugar chain compatible with bilayer-type structures, forms vesicles spontaneously in solution without supply of external energy. This means that the bending rigidity of the GM3 bilayer is very low, allowing very large thermal undulations. GM3 vesicles, made of a single surfactant, are then found to be in thermodynamic equilibrium with a small amount of large bilayer and multilamellar structures. Frustration of the single-component vesicle system is released if a second amphiphile, of the same type of the ganglioside GM3 but with a larger head group, is added. In this case, spontaneous-curvature readjustements of the two monolayers via demixing can give rise to a spontaneous curvature of the bilayer, energetically favouring vesicles over other structures. It is, in fact, observed experimentally that by adding increasing proportions of GM1 the large aggregates gradually diminish in number, until a pure vesicle solution is obtained for a GM1 to GM3 ratio of 35 to 65.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 2673-2675 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A recent method to perform spatially resolved nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and relaxation measurements in narrow slices of a solid is applied to the study of the mobility changes of polymer chains during the swelling process. Spin density and T1 profiles are obtained during the swelling of polymethylmethacrylate and polystyrene bars exposed to vapors of deuterated chloroform and carbontetracloride. The diffusion coefficients and their concentration dependences have been determined and the nondestructive character of NMR for liquid–solid interface studies is established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 153-155 (1988), S. 725-726 
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 209 (1993), S. 121-124 
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 235-240 (1994), S. 1719-1720 
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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