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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 25-26 (Jan. 1992), p. 523-530 
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 200 (1963), S. 161-161 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] If, in a plain tension specimen, the probability that any one grain is favourably orientated with respect to the applied stress is p and the critical crack-length for initiation of a fracture through randomly orientated grains is nd, then the probability for the growth of such a crack at the yield ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 34 (1986), S. 499-510 
    ISSN: 0022-5096
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 34 (1986), S. 593-607 
    ISSN: 0022-5096
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 26 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper, energy dissipation rate D vs. Δa curves in ductile fracture are predicted using a ‘conversion’ between loads, load-point displacements and crack lengths predicted by NLEFM and those found in real ELPL propagation. The NLEFM/ELPL link was recently discovered for the DCB testpiece, and we believe it applies to other cracked geometries. The predictions for D agree with experimental results. The model permits a crack tip toughness R(Δa) which rises from Jc and saturates out when (if) steady state propagation is reached after a transient stage in which all tunnelling, crack tip necking and shear lip formation is established. JR is always greater than the crack tip R(Δa) and continues to rise even after R(Δa) levels off.The analysis is capable of predicting the usual D vs. Δa curves in the literature which have high initial values and fall monotonically to a plateau at large Δa. It also predicts that D curves for CCT testpieces should be higher than those for SENB/CT, as found in practice. The possibility that D curves at some intermediate Δa may dip to a minimum below the levelled-off value at large Δa is predicted and confirmed by experiment. Recently reported D curves that have smaller initial D than the D-values after extensive propagation can also be predicted. The testpiece geometry and crack tip R(Δa) conditions required to produce these different-shaped D vs. Δa curves are established and confirmed by comparison with experiment.The energy dissipation rate D vs. Δa is not a transferable property as it depends on geometry. The material characteristic R(Δa) may be the ‘transferable property’ for scaling problems in ELPL fracture. How it can be deduced from D vs. Δa curves (and by implication, JR vs. Δa curves) is established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 20 (1985), S. 3409-3417 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The creep properties of sintered steel can be described by the normal creep laws. In particular, the activation energy for creep can apparently be identified with that for self diffusion even at temperatures far below 0.5 T m. As might be expected the creep rupture strength of sintered steel is only a small percentage of its ultimate tensile strength. The creep rupture strength depends largely on the ductility and hence better strengths can be expected from alloys with larger ductilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Archaeological Science 13 (1986), S. 451-461 
    ISSN: 0305-4403
    Keywords: finial ; flaking ; mechanics ; stone tools ; use-wear
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Archaeology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Archaeological Science 13 (1986), S. 31-50 
    ISSN: 0305-4403
    Keywords: Egypt ; amenemhet ; clock ; time keeping ; water-clock
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Archaeology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 25 (1992), S. 14-20 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Deux modèles de description de la rupture par fissuration des matériaux à base de ciment sont ici étudiés: celui de la ‘bande de fissuration’ et celui de la ‘fissuration fictive’. Les deux types d’analyse sont très proches mais on montre cependant que le modèle de ‘fissure fictive’ peut se ramener à une méthode de superposition de trois facteurs d’intensité de contrainte dont l’utilisation requiert la connaissance d’expressions analytiques. Cette méthode se révèle donner des résultats très similaires à ceux obtenus par éléments finis avec la ‘fissure fictive’ et présente l’avantagè de pouvoir être programmée sur un ordinateur de type P.C. On démontre la capacité de prédiction du modèle de fissuration fictive par comparaison de la courbe expérimentale charge/flèche d’une petite éprouvette de mortier entaillée avec la courbe théorique calculée à partir des données obtenues sur des poutres plus grandes. On suggère que la méthode d’essai RILEM, peur la détermination de l’énergie de rupture, soit aussi utilisée afin d’établir une relation bilinéaire contrainte-déplacement pour la phase de radoucissement qui apparaît dans la zone de fissuration.
    Notes: Abstract The crack band and the fictitious crack line models of the fracture process zone in cementitious materials are discussed. The two methods are quite similar. However, the fictitious crack model is shown to lend itself to a simple K-superposition method which makes use of known analytical expressions. This method is shown to give very similar results to a finite-element analysis of the fictitious crack model and has the advantage that it can be programmed for a personal computer. The predictive capability of the fictitious crack model is demonstrated by comparison of the experimental load-deflection curve for a small notch bend mortar specimen with a theoretical curve calculated from data obtained from larger beams. It is suggested that the RILEM test method for the determination of the fracture energy should be used also to establish a bilinear stress-displacement relationship for the strain-softening of the fracture process zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Materials and structures 15 (1982), S. 99-106 
    ISSN: 1359-5997
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les joncs de polypropylène sont extrudés à froid à travers une filière aux sections de réduction nominales de 18, 40 et 64%. Les extrudants sont ensuite soumis à des traitements thermiques de 100, 120 et 140°C de deux heures suivis par un refroidissement soit à l'air, soit par immersion dans l'eau. L'extrusion à froid augmente la résistance en traction, les modules élastiques en traction et en compression, ainsi que la capacité d'absorption de l'énergie de choc. Cependant, la marge de 0,2% de la limite élastique en traction et en compression se trouve légèrement réduite. C'est un résultat de l'extrusion à froid que le polymère soit moins dense, ce qui implique une diminution de la cristallinité. Le travail à froid suivi par un traitement thermique réduit les modules élastiques mais augmente les limites élastiques. La résistance au choc monte rapidement avec la température de recuit. Il ne semble pas qu'il y ait de différence notable dans les propriétés mécaniques déterminées par le refroidissement à l'air ou par immersion dąns l'eau. Cependant, les éprouvettes refroidies à l'air montrent une cristallinité un peu plus grande et des courbes contrainte/déformation en traction et en compression meilleures au-delà de la limite élastique pour une température donnée de recuit. Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent qu'il est possible d'obtenir une combinaison des propriétés mécaniques du polypropylène par une procédure appropriée d'extrusion suivie du traitement thermique. Une étude approfondie des microstructures du polypropylène affecté par les divers traitements mécaniques et thermiques permettra une compréhension plus complète de la relation propriété/structure.
    Notes: Abstract Polypropylene rods are cold extruded through a die with three nominal area reductions of 18, 40 and 64%. These extrudates are subject to subsequent heat treatments at 100°, 120° and 140 °C for two hours after which this is followed by either air cooling or water quenching. The effect of cold extrusion increases the tensile strength, the elastic moduli in tension and compression as well as the specific impact energy absorption. The 0.2% offset yield strength in tension decreases slightly for the 18 and 40% extrudates but increases above the value of the as-received polymer at 64% cold work. However, cold extrusion decreases the compressive yield strength and the density which is a measure of crystallinity of the cold worked polymer. Cold extrusion followed by heat treatment reduces the elastic moduli but raises the yield strengths of the extrudates. The impact energy absorption shows a sharp increase with annealing temperature and the fracture surfaces display increasing orientation effect with increasing amounts of cold work. Air-cooled and quenched samples do not have any significant differences in these macroscopic mechanical properties. It is apparent that heat treatment increases the density and hence the crystallinity of the cold worked polymer. The improvement is marginally larger for the air-cooled than for the quenched samples. The results of this investigation suggest that it is possible to obtain a combination of mechanical properties of polypropylene by a suitable extrusion-heat treatment process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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