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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMR Study of Poly(ethylene oxide) Complexes with LiCF3SO3 (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 3282-3289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00113a033
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asthma and beta-blockers (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 501-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: atenolol ; metoprolol ; asthma ; bronchospasm ; blood pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a randomized, blind crossover study in 14 hypertensive patients with asthma, involving placebo and chronically administered (3 weeks) equipotent beta1-blocking doses of atenolol 100 mg once daily and metoprolol 100 mg bid, atenolol and metoprolol produced a similar fall in blood pressure. Atenolol caused significantly (p〈0.05) less bronchospasm in terms of fewer asthmatic attacks, more asthma-free days, less frequent sensations of moderate to very severe, wheeziness and less effect on the evening peak flow rate. It was concluded that, in patients with asthma who require beta blockade, atenolol is the preferred agent, co-prescribed with a beta2 stimulant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609622
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-blocker brain concentrations in man (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 21-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: β-Blockers ; blood-brain barrier ; cerebrospinal fluid ; subarachnoid haemorrhage ; atenolol ; brain ; lipophilicity ; oxprenolol ; propranolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) have been shown to benefit from β-blockade. SAH patients who came to surgery were investigated if they had been receiving chronic (approximately one week) oral treatment with either hydrophilic atenolol (100 mg/day) or one of the following lipophilic β-Blockers: propranolol (80 mg b.i.d.), oxprenolol (80 mg b.i.d.), or metoprolol (100 mg b.i.d.). Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of β-Blockers did not reflect their concentrations in the brain. Brain concentrations of the three lipophilic β-Blockers were 10–20 times higher than those of atenolol. The approximate brain/plasma concentration ratios were 26 for propranolol, 50 for oxprenolol, 12 for metoprolol, and 0.2 for atenolol. The brain is thus buffered from peak blood concentrations of atenolol, and this may account for the low incidence of CNS-related side-effects with this hydrophilic β-blocker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543705
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-blockade benefits patients following a subarachnoid haemorrhage (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: β-blockade ; neurological deficit ; phentolamine ; propranolol ; subarachnoid haemorrhage ; aneurysms ; catecholamines ; cerebral oxygen requirement ; cerebrovascular system ; death
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have shown that ECG changes following a subarachnoid haemorrhage are associated with increased catecholamine levels, necrotic myocardial lesions, and a poor prognosis. Furthermore, β-blockade using propranolol reverses some of the ECG changes and prevents necrotic myocardial lesions. This study was established to assess the affects of adrenergic blockade on morbidity and mortality following subarachnoid haemorrhage. Patients were admitted to the randomized double-blind between-patients study if they presented at the neurosurgical unit within 48 hours of a subarachnoid haemorrhage confirmed by lumbar puncture. Of 224 patients, the first 118 received an α-blocker, phentolamine 20 mg three-hourly, and either the β-blocker propranolol 80 mg eight-hourly, or placebo. The last 106 patients received either propranolol or placebo. Treatment was continued for three weeks. Assessment at four weeks revealed significant improvements in the treated group for neurological deficit (p=0.003) and death (p=0.02). More treated patients underwent operation and those that did had a better outcome (p=0.01). Assessment at one year showed that although patients had improved in both groups, patients in the treated group had significantly fewer neurological deficits (p=0.003). There were fewer deaths in the treated group but this difference was not significant (p=0.09). Possible mechanisms for this protective effect of propranolol may include a reduction in plasma renin activity, a reduction in pulmonary oedema, prevention of myocardial infarcts, and a reduction in cerebral oxygen requirements. It is concluded that early β-blockade benefits patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage, in terms of fewer neurological deficits, for up to one year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543706
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative activities of atenolol and metoprolol on the cardiovascular system of man (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 20 (1981), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: atenolol ; metoprolol ; heart rate ; exercise ; systolic blood pressure ; volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects or oral atenolol (100 mg once/day) and metoprolol (100 mg once/day, 100 mg twice/day and 300 mg once/day) have been compared with placebo on the heart rate and systolic blood pressure responses to exercise in 5 healthy volunteers. The drugs were given for 5 days in a double blind randomised fashion with each volunteer receiving each dose of drug. Measurements were made after the first dose on day 1 and after 5 days of dosing. The results on both heart rate and systolic blood pressure showed that overall (over a 24 h period) after acute (day 1) or after chronic (5 days) dosing, atenolol 100 mg once/day, metoprolol 100 mg twice/day and 300 mg once/day, were equivalent asβ-adrenoceptor blocking doses. Thus milligram for milligram atenolol and metoprolol do not produce equivalent blockade on the cardiovascular system of man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00554660
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardioselectivity of atenolol in asthmatic patients (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1981), S. 173-176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: atenolol ; propranolol ; asthma ; isoprenaline ; FEV1 ; heart rate ; cardioselectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This double-blind, randomised, within patient, placebo-controlled study set out to investigate the effect of a cardioselective beta-blocker, atenolol, at different oral doses (50, 100 and 200 mg) and a non-selective agent, propranolol (40 mg), upon 1. airways resistance (forced expiratory volume at one second=FEV1) and 2. the bronchodilator action of increasing doses of inhaled isoprenaline, in patients with co-existent hypertension and reversible airways obstruction. In 10 patients, two hours after drug administration, the 3 doses of atenolol caused a significantly greater (P〈0.05) degree of B1-blockade than propranolol. In contrast the 3 doses of atenolol caused significantly less (P〈0.05 to 0.01) B2-blockade as evidenced by a smaller fall in FEV1. The isoprenaline FEV1 dose response curves were displaced progressively to the right of the placebo curve with increasing doses of atenolol, but the greatest displacement was with propranolol. It was concluded that patients with reversible airways obstruction who require beta-blockade should be given a low dose of a cardioselective agent in conjunction with, if required, a beta2 stimulant such as isoprenaline. Such a treatment will be less likely to cause a troublesome increase in airways resistance and the bronchodilator action of the beta2 stimulant will be almost fully preserved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00627916
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE RELATIONSHIP OF URINARY TOTAL OESTROGENS WITH HAEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 77 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A study of 20 women undergoing a course of human pituitary gonadotrophic hormone injections at an endocrine clinic revealed a significant negative correlation (P〈0.001) between urinary total oestrogens and haemoglobin concentration. This correlation was independent of changes in progesterone excretion, the initial haemoglobin level and menstrual loss. Mean differences of over 1 g. per 100 ml. exist in haemoglobin levels associated with the lowest and highest oestrogen groups (approaching 2 g. difference in certain individuals).The tendency of oestrogens to suppress erythropoiesis and cause haemodilution is discussed in relation to the present findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1970.tb03584.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INTER-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LEVELS OF PLASMA OESTRADIOL, URINARY TOTAL OESTROGENS AND BLOOD HAEMOGLOBIN AND NEUTROPHIL COUNTS (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 79 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The inter-relationships between levels of urinary total oestrogens, plasma oestradiol and blood haemoglobin and neutrophil levels were investigated in five women undergoing treatment with pituitary gonadotrophin hormone for infertility. Predicted values for urinary oestrogens were also calculated from the haemoglobin and neutrophil results.There was a positive correlation of plasma oestradiol with both actual and predicted concentrations of urinary oestrogens but there was substantial variation between patients. The levels of plasma and urinary oestrogens showed a significant positive correlation with the blood neutrophil counts, a negative but not significant correlation with the haemoglobin concentration, and a highly significant correlation with the ratio of the two observations. Again marked variation between subjects occurred.The use of these parameters for monitoring the treatment of infertile patients with human gonadotrophins is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1972.tb14183.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PREDICTION OF URINARY TOTAL OESTROGEN LEVELS FROM THE BLOOD NEUTROPHIL COUNT AND HAEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION IN WOMEN ATTENDING AN INFERTILITY CLINIC (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 77 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: From a survey on 20 infertile women attending an endocrine clinic for a course of gonadotrophic hormone injections, an indirect method of indicating oestrogen production has been devised. By the use of a regression technique pre-ovulatory urinary total oestrogens can be accurately predicted from haemoglobin and neutrophil values in 70 per cent of cases.As urinary total oestrogen values reflect oestrogen production 24–36 hours previously, the method may provide even more accurate predictions of changing plasma oestradiol levels. The limitations of the technique for indicating urinary oestrogen levels in normal women, and in placental insufficiency and fetal distress, were briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1970.tb03585.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE RELATIONSHIP OF TOTAL AND DIFFERENTIAL LEUKOCYTE COUNTS WITH URINARY OESTROGEN AND PLASMA CORTISOL LEVELS (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 77 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a group of 20 women undergoing a course of human pituitary gonadotrophic hormone injections a significant positive correlation (P〈0.001) between urinary total oestrogens and the total leukocyte, neutrophil and monocyte counts in blood was demonstrated. The relationship was independent of changes in progesterone secretion, plasma cortisol levels and the initial value of the total leukocyte count. In some individuals, differences up to 6000 cells per c.mm. exist between neutrophil counts associated with the lowest and the highest oestrogen levels.A significant negative correlation (P〈0.001) between plasma cortisol and the lymphocyte count was found. No relationship between plasma cortisol and urinary total oestrogens, total leukocyte, neutrophil and monocyte counts was seen,In two women who became pregnant during the course of treatment, neutrophil count changes appeared to be a continuation of events that were happening before conception, indicating that neutrophilia of pregnancy is related to alterations in oestrogen production, separate from progesterone and plasma cortisol fluctuations. The possible role of oestrogens in association with the postmenopausal decrease and the normal ovulatory peak in neutrophil count was discussed. Their place in the scheme of general body defence against infection and their possible associations with obscure neutropenias in women were also considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1970.tb03583.x
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