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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 4 (1989), S. 361-371 
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper we consider the finite element treatment of the strain singularities of linear elastic fracture. We define two — new singular finite elements obtained from standard quadratic Serendipity and Lagrange elements, and we analyse their approximate strain forms. It is demonstrated that both elements can be applied in linear elastic fracture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and aetiology of fever of unknown origin (FUO) in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), to assess the value of the tests used in its diagnosis, and to evaluate possible models of diagnosis for the causes found most frequently. One hundred twenty-eight (3.5%) of 3603 hospitalised HIV-positive patients evaluated from October 1992 to December 1993 had FUO, defined by established criteria. Eighty-six percent of patients with FUO had previously progressed to AIDS. The median CD4+ cell count was 46/mm3. A definite diagnosis was made in 96 (75%) of the 128 patients and a possible diagnosis in 24 (18.7%), whilst no diagnosis was made in eight cases (6.2%). Tuberculosis (48.3%), visceral leishmaniasis (16%), and infection byMycobacterium avium complex (6.9%) were the diseases found most frequently. The most useful diagnostic tests were liver biopsy (68.9%) and bone marrow aspirate/biopsy (39.7%). It is not possible to predict clinically the cases of FUO due to tuberculosis, whilst thrombocytopaenia 〈 100,000 cells/mm3 alone is useful for differentiating the cases of visceral leishmaniasis, with a negative predictive value of 95.2%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations 4 (1988), S. 255-282 
    ISSN: 0749-159X
    Keywords: Mathematics and Statistics ; Numerical Methods
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The finite element treatment of boundary singularities in elliptic problems has demanded that special techniques be developed. Many of these use some form of singular element in the neighborhood of a singular point.For a homogenous second-order problem, defined in a domain with a polygonal boundary, we studied three cases with different singularity orders. Some results about the accuracy of the solution are presented. Numerical results have been obtained using Akin singular triangular elements with three and six nodes and quadrilateral elements having four and eight nodes. The behavior of the gradient in each of these elements is also analyzed. However, these elements are not completely satisfactory, so that an alternative technique using curved isoparametric elements is given here. The results obtained with the two methods are compared. Conclusions about numerical accuracy of each method, the order of integration and the simplicity of application are made.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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