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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Bioenergetics 971 (1988), S. S190 
    ISSN: 0005-2728
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 8 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An ultrastructural study of the cytology of piecemeal necrosis in 12 liver biopsies from patients with chronic active (aggressive) hepatitis revealed a variety of cell types. This communication deals with two particular cell types, only observed in areas of severe piecemeal necrosis—interdigitating reticulum cells (IDRCs) and dendritic reticulum cells (DRCs). IDRCs are typical components of T-cell regions in lymphoid organs. Cells with the characteristics of IDRCs were found in severe piecemeal necrosis at the periphery of portal tracts and in periportal areas. This suggests that areas of periportal piecemeal necrosis are analogous to the T-cell regions of lymphoid organs during immune reactions. DRCs are typical components of B-cell regions in lymphoid organs. Cells with the characteristics of DRCs were found in the central parts of portal tracts with follicle-like aggregations of lymphocytes, as seen in some cases with pronounced piccemeal necrosis. This finding suggest that follicle-like lymphocytic aggregates in portal tracts are analogous to the B-cell regions of lymphoid organs during immune reactions. A mesenchymal origin of DRCs is suggested. The finding of IDRCs and DRCs in severe piecemeal necrosis emphasizes the fundamental similarity of immune reactions in the liver to those in lymphoid organs. These data are discussed in relation to immunological findings in chronic active hepatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 23 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is a major factor in the pathophysiology of hypercalcaemia of malignancy. Recent evidence suggests that PTHrP may play an important role in the growth and differentiation of neoplastic as well as non-neoplastic cells. PTHrP was originally detected in normal fetal, but not adult, liver. We have used immunocytochemistry to show that reactive human bile ductules expressing a neuroendocrine phenotype contain immunoreactive PTHrP. These observations raised the possibility that PTHrP immunoreactivity may be useful in the differential diagnosis of primary liver tumours and metastases of adenocarcinoma. A total of 24 primary liver tumours and 22 metastases of adenocarcinoma were studied. All cholangiocarcinomas showed immunopositivity for PTHrP and chromogranin A, while all hepatocellular carcinomas were negative for PTHrP and showed only focal and weak positivity for chromogranin A. Mixed types of primary liver tumour contained PTHrP immunoreactivity only in the areas of cholangiocellular differentiation. Moreover, all metastatic adenocarcinomas were negative for PTHrP and chromogranin A except for two out of five metastatic breast adenocarcinomas. These two patients had bone metastases and hypercalcaemia and thus did not yield differential diagnostic problems with cholangiocarcinoma. None of the patients with cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma had hypercalcaemia. We conclude that PTHrP is a useful marker for primary cholangiocarcinoma. especially in the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 23 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The final diagnosis of granulomatous gastritis is based on morphological findings and clinical and laboratory data. Detailed analysis of the morphological features of the granulomas together with associated mucosal changes could generate more information on aetiology and pathogenesis. Biopsies from 71 patients diagnosed as having granulomatous gastritis were reviewed. Thirty-seven of these patients (52%) had Crohn's disease. In 18 patients (25%) an isolated granulomatous gastritis was diagnosed. In seven patients (10%) the final diagnosis was a foreign body reaction. Of the remaining cases, four (7%) corresponded to tumour-associated granulomas and one case each of sarcoidosis (1%), Whipple's disease (1%) and vasculitis-associated disease (1%). Two cases (3%) were unclassifiable. The granulomas were mainly found in the antrum (64% antrum only, 11% antrum and corpus, 6% transitional mucosa corpus-antrum). Granulomas were usually small. This was particularly true for those found in patients with Crohn's disease. Multiple granulomas were observed in the sarcoidosis, the Whipple's disease and vasculitis-associated cases. A pattern of chronic gastritis with atrophy was present in 95% of the biopsies (68/71 patients). Helicobacter pylori was detected in 92% of the biopsies (64/71 patients).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 20 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The hypothesis presented in this paper suggests that, at birth, the basic lesion of congenital hepatic fibrosis corresponds to ductal plate malformation of interlobular bile ducts, resulting from faulty development, i.e. disturbance in epithelio-mesenchymal inductive interactions. The immature bile ducts are subject to a progressive destructive cholangiopathy, resulting in a pattern of more or less advanced fetal type of biliary fibrosis. The destructive cholangiopathy may be of variable speed and duration in different patients. The renal lesions in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, which is most often associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis, show a comparable pattern and evolution. The hypothesis that congenital hepatic fibrosis corresponds to a fetal type of biliary fibrosis would explain a number of disparate observations. According to this concept, congenital hepatic fibrosis does not correspond to a single clinical entity but to a broad, merging spectrum of conditions. All have in common that they represent some stage of biliary fibrosis, usually of the fetal type, rarely of the adult type, resulting from a slowly progressive, destructive cholangiopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A case of primary malignant rhabdoid tumour of the liver occurring in a 5-month-old girl is reported. Histologically the neoplasm presented the ‘typical’ features as described in malignant rhabdoid tumour arising in the kidney. In addition, some areas of the tumour showed a ‘pseudoglandular’ growth pattern. Immunohistochemistry revealed the neoplastic cells to be intensively positive for vimentin and for cytokeratin 19. Variable immunoreactivity for cytokeratin polypeptides 7, 8 and 19 was also detected. On electronmicroscopy the neoplastic cells contained bundles of intermediate filaments, tonofilaments and intercellular junctions. These findings are suggestive of a primitive epithelial differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 17 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two cases of fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver, one with lymph node metastasis are reported. Using immunohistochemistry as well as one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western blotting, tumour cells of both primary lesions and of the metastasis were found to express cytokeratin polypeptides 8 and 18 and, surprisingly, cytokeratin 7. A small number of cells also expressed cytokeratin 19. This is the first detailed analysis of the cytokeratin expression of fibrolamellar carcinoma, and is also the first to present biochemical evidence that, contrary to what has been suggested, hepatocellular carcinomas do not always preserve the pattern of cytokeratin expression of normal hepatocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 23 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Various cholestatic liver diseases as well as regeneration after submassive necrosis are accompanied by a striking increase in the number of bile ductules. These reactive bile ductules are thought to arise either from proliferation of pre-existing bile ductules or bile ductule-related facultative stem cells, or from ductular metaplasia of hepatocytes. Recently, we found that reactive bile ductules display neuro-endocrine features, and speculated that the substance(s), produced in the neuro-endocrine granules, might play a role in their growth and/or differentiation through an autocrine or paracrine pathway. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide has been shown to be encoded by a growth factor-regulated gene that may play a role in cell growth and differentiation. We studied the immunohistochemical expression of this peptide in human liver, including three normal biopsies, 11 cases of cholestatic liver disease, six cases of focal nodular hyperplasia and three cases of regenerating liver. In regenerating liver, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and partial or intermittent obstruction, the majority of reactive ductular cells expressing neuro-endocrine markers also expressed parathyroid hormone-related peptide. In focal nodular hyperplasia, a smaller number of bile ductular cells expressed the peptide. These findings suggest that parathyroid hormone-related peptide is localized in bile ductular cells and may indicate a role for this hormone in the growth and/or differentiation of human reactive bile ductules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 9 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ultrastructurat features of 12 liver biopsies from patients with chronic active hepatitis were studied, particular attention being paid to endothelial cells. In areas of piecemeal necrosis and parenchymal inflammation sinusoidal endothelial cells show swelling of the cytoplasm, protrusion of the cell body into the sinusoidal lumen, increase in micropinocytotic vesicles and appearance of numerous dense bodies. This cell type is termed ‘active endothelial cell. Subsequent changes include enlargement of the Golgi complex, increase of rough endoplasmic reticulum in cytoplasmic processes with concomitant decrease of dense bodies, appearance of a fuzzy coat and formation of hemidesmosomes in close relationship to basement membrane-like material and reticulin fibres in the space of Disse. The latter ultrastructural characteristics correspond to those of ‘fibroblastic reticulum cells’ described in lymph nodes. Active endothelial cells and fibroblastic reticulum cells may play a protective role in liver parenchymal inflammation by reducing the accessibility of noxious agents from the blood stream to liver parenchymal cells, and be crucial in the initiation of perisinusoidal fibrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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