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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population Genetics and Intercontinental Migrations of Phytophthora Infestans (1992)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 30 (1992), S. 107-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.30.090192.000543
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation and survival of oospores of Phytophthora infestans under natural conditions (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 44 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Phytophthora infestans is able to produce oospores in leaves of potato and tomato plants after inoculation with a mixture of Al and A2 mating-type isolates. Various conditions for oospore formation were analysed. Under controlled conditions, oospores were produced in potato leaves at temperatures ranging from 5 to 25° C. In leaves of potato cultivar Bintje incubated at 15°C, oogonia and antheridia were observed 6 days after inoculation and thick-walled oospores appeared 3-4 days later. In field experiments oospores were found in leaves and stems of potato cultivars Bintje, Irene and Pimpernel and in leaves, stems and fruits of tomato cultivar Moneymaker within 2 weeks after inoculation. A bioassay was developed to test the survival of oospores in soil under various conditions. To determine whether late-blight infections derived from infectious soil were caused by oospwres, DNA fingerprinting was performed. DNA fingerprint probe RG-57 was suitable for distinguishing asexual progeny from recombinant progeny arising from soil-borne oospores. We demonstrated survival of viable, infectious oospores of P. infestans in soil during the winter of 1992–93. Oospores were not infectious from soil exposed to temperatures of 40°C or higher but in the range 35°C to as low as – 80°C for 48 h, oospores survived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02719.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual recombination in Phytophthora cinnamomi in vitro and aggressiveness of single-oospore progeny to Eucalyptus (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 50 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Fifty single oospore progeny were established from an in vitro mating of A1 and A2 mating type isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi from South Africa. Forty-nine progeny were identified as F1 hybrids using seven random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers, and one was a selfed isolate of the A1 mating type parent. Among the hybrid progeny, 24 and 25 were A1 and A2 mating type, respectively. Aggressiveness of progeny and parental isolates was assessed on 1-year-old seedlings of Eucalyptus smithii. The mean aggressiveness of hybrid oosporic isolates, expressed as lesion length, was significantly (P = 0·0001) lower than that of the parental isolates. No significant difference in aggressiveness of A1 and A2 mating type F1 hybrid isolates was observed. This is the first report demonstrating sexual recombination in vitro in P. cinnamomi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00530.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A second world-wide migration and population displacement of Phytophthora infestans? (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 40 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The appearance of the A2 mating type (previously restricted to central Mexico) in Europe during the 1980s prompted an investigation of the genetic make-up of European populations using allozyme loci as genetic markers. The investigation shows that major genetic changes have occurred in populations of Phytophthora infestans in the Netherlands, Poland, and the British Isles. It now appears that a new type of population has been introduced into several locations, and has displaced or is displacing the original populations in these locations. The new and old population types are characterized by unique allozyme alleles and genotypes. The mechanism for displacement of the‘old’by the‘new’population is not yet known.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02400.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einfache lebensrettende Sofortmaßnahmen beim Erwachsenen (1998)
    Springer
    Notfall + Rettungsmedizin 1 (1998), S. 134-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-0578
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Einfache lebensrettende Sofortmaßnahmen ; Erwachsene ; Aktionsplan ; Herz-Lungen-Wiederbelebung ; Key words Basic life support ; Adults ; Plan of action ; Heart Lung Resuscitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: We present the plan of action on which the Guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council for ”Adult Basic Life Support” is based (algorithm: ”Basic Life-Support Measures for Adults). The plan of action is primarily intended for ”one-person reanimation” procedures in adults.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im folgenden wird der Aktionsplan dargestellt, der den Richtlinien des European Resuscitation Council für „Einfache lebensrettende Sofortmaßnahmen beim Erwachsenen” zugrunde liegt (Algorithmus 1: „Einfache lebensrettende Sofortmaßnahmen beim Erwachsenen”). Der Aktionsplan ist primär für die „Einmann-Reanimation” beim Erwachsenen gedacht. Im Text wird die männliche Form auch für die weibliche verwendet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100490050035
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for outcrossing in Phytophthora sojae and linkage of a DNA marker to two avirulence genes (1994)
    Springer
    Current genetics 27 (1994), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea ; Avirulence ; Gene-for-gene ; RAPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two genetically different isolates of the homothallic Oomycete, Phytophthora sojae, were demonstrated to outcross and form hybrid oospores after co-culturing in vitro. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers revealed ten hybrids among 354 oospores analysed. One F1 hybrid was allowed to self fertilise and produce an F2 population of 247 individuals. Among 53 F2 individuals, selected at random, 18 polymorphic RAPD markers were observed to segregate at near 3:1 Mendelian ratios, consistent with segregation for dominant alleles at single loci. Segregation of virulence against soybean resistance genes Rps1a, 3a, and 5 revealed that the avirulence genes Avr1a, 3a and 5 were dominant to virulence. Avirulence against these three resistance genes appeared to be conditioned by one locus for Avr1a and two independent, complementary dominant loci for both Avr3a and Avr5. Segregation of virulence against Rps6 was in the ratio of 1:2:1 (avirulent:mixed reaction:virulent), suggesting a semi-dominant allele at a single locus. Two avirulence genes and one RAPD marker formed one linkage group, in the order Avr3a, OPH4-1, Avr5, each separated by approximately 5 cM. Our results confirm that outcrossing occurred between the parental isolates, and that sexual recombination under field conditions may play an important role in generating and maintaining genetic diversity in populations of P. sojae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326582
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioassays Using the Midge Chironomus riparius and the Zebra Mussel Dreissena polymorpha for Evaluation of River Water Quality (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 34 (1998), S. 357-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. To evaluate if the water quality of the river Meuse affects macrofauna species, the impact of water from this river on two representative species was tested under controlled conditions. Short-term bioassays with reference populations of the midge Chironomus riparius and the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha were performed simultaneously, using growth and filtration rate as sublethal parameters, respectively. Filtration rates of mussels seemed to be slightly inhibited by Meuse water in 1994 and 1995, although this was only significant in the first year. Apparently, although this species is inhabiting the river Meuse, the water quality still causes sublethal effects. In contrast to the mussel, midges were less sensitive to Meuse water in laboratory experiments; growth inhibition was never observed, while in some experiments growth was even enhanced. In the period of testing, it was not possible to relate effects on macrofauna species in laboratory tests to individual substances in polluted river systems. Because the response of the test species was marginal, it is recommended to include more sensitive species as tested in the present study, especially in view of a general improvement of the water quality in the river Meuse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900330
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