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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-TE projection reconstruction MR microscopy in the evaluation of articular cartilage thickness (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 1222-1226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Articular cartilage ; MR microscopy ; Projection reconstruction ; Ex vivo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of projection-reconstruction (PR) MR microscopy in the accurate measurement of cartilage thickness. Short-TE PR microimages were acquired at 7.05 T on bone-cartilage cylindrical plugs excised from four regions of two disarticulated femoral heads (i. e. superior, inferior, posterior and anterior), using an NMR instrument equipped with a microimaging accessory. The PR microimages were then correlated with conventional spin-echo (SE) microimages and with histology. On PR microimages, acquired with an echo time of 3.2 ms, the cartilage signal was increased, allowing an accurate delineation of the cartilage from the tidemark/cortical bone region. As a consequence, by the PR method a more precise measurement of cartilage thickness compared with that performed by the conventional SE approach was feasible. An excellent correlation between PR microimages and histology was also obtained (r = 0.90). By the proposed method it is possible to accurately determine the cartilage thickness better than with the conventional SE sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300000430
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digital vs conventional radiography: cost and revenue analysis (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 1682-1692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Digital radiography ; Conventional radiography ; Cost and revenue
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The objective of this study was to analyse and compare the operating and investment costs of two radiographic systems, a conventional and a digital one, and to evaluate the cost/revenue ratio of the two systems. The radiological activity over 1 year for chest and skeletal exams was evaluated: 13,401 chest and 7,124 skeletal exams were considered. The following parameters of variable costs were evaluated: the difference between variable proportional costs of the two technologies, the effective variable cost of any size film, including the chemicals, and for different sizes of digital film, variable costs of chest plus skeletal exams performed with the two techniques. Afterwards the economical effect was considered taking into account depreciation during a time of utilization ranging between 8 and 4 years. In the second part of the analysis the total cost and the revenues of the two technologies were determined. The comparison between the digital and conventional systems has shown the following aspects: 1. Digital radiography system has a much higher investment cost in comparison with the conventional one. 2. Operating costs of digital equipment are higher or lower depending on the film size used. Evaluating chest X-ray we reach a breakeven point after 1 year and 10,000 exams only if displayed over 8 × 10-in. film and after 30,000 if displayed over a 11 × 14-in. film. 3. The total cost (variable cost, technology cost, labour cost) of digital technology is lower than that of the conventional system by 20 % on average using 8 × 10-in. film size. 4. Digital technology also allows lesser film waste and lesser film per exam
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050910
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of chronic medical nephropathies with impaired renal function (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 280-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Kidneys – Function – Magnetic resonance imaging – Contrast agents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We examined the value of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in chronic renal disease with renal insufficiency. In 33 consecutive patients (21 vascular nephropathy, 12 glomerular nephropathy) MRI was performed using a 1.5-T unit and a body coil, with SE T1-weighted (TR/TE = 600/19 ms) and dynamic TFFE T1-weighted sequences (TR/TE = 12/5 ms, flip angle = 25 °) after manual bolus injection (via a cubital vein) of 0.1 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA-BMA. Morphological evaluation was performed in unblinded fashion by three radiologists, evaluating renal size, cortical thickness, and corticomedullary differentiation. Functional analysis was performed by one reviewer. Time-signal intensity curves, peak intensity value (P), time to peak intensity (T), and the P/T ratio were obtained at the cortex, medulla, and pyelocaliceal system of each kidney. The relationship of these parameters to serum creatinine and with creatinine clearance was investigated. A good correlation between morphological features of the kidneys and serum creatinine values was found. Morphological findings could not distinguish between vascular and glomerular nephropathies. A statistically significant correlation (P 〈0.01) between cortical P, cortical P/T, medullary P, and serum creatinine and creatinine clearance was found. A significant correlation (P 〈0.01) was also found between cortical T, medullary P/T, T of the excretory system, and creatinine clearance. The cortical T value was significantly higher (P 〈0.01) in vascular nephropathy than in glomerular nephropathy. Thus in patients with chronic renal failure dynamic MRI shows both morphological and functional changes. Morphological changes are correlated with the degree of renal insufficiency and not with the type of nephropathy; the functional changes seem to differ in vascular from glomerular nephropathies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050044
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of liver metastases with pulse inversion harmonic imaging: Preliminary results (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. S382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study is to evaluate capability of contrast enhanced ultrasonography (US) using pulse inversion harmonic imaging (PIHI) to detect liver metastases in comparison to fundamental B-mode ultrasound and spiral CT. Thirty-six consecutive patients with known malignancies and sonographically proved or suspicious liver metastases have been examined with fundamental B-mode US, with PIHI 2', 4' and 6' after Levovist injection and with four phase spiral-CT. Presence, conspicuity and number of lesions have been evaluated comparing PIHI with fundamental B-mode US and spiral-CT. A strong grey-scale enhancement of the liver parenchyma has been observed 2' and 4' after Levovist injection. The optimum parenchymal enhancement and contrast difference between liver and metastases was observed during the 2' measurements. PIHI revealed more lesions than fundamental B-mode US in 56 % of patients, while in 39 % and in 5 % revealed respectively the same number and fewer lesions. PIHI and spiral-CT were in agreement in 67 % of patients, while in 22 % and 11 % PIHI revealed respectively more and fewer lesions. PIHI accurancy presents restrictions in anterior superficial and in deep liver areas, whereas it may be superior to spiral-CT in studying sub-diaphragmatic liver regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014079
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage: ex vivo study on normal cartilage correlated with magnetic resonance microscopy (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 1130-1136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MR imaging ; MR microscopy ; Articular cartilage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aims of this study were (a) to compare the MR appearance of normal articular cartilage in ex vivo MR imaging (MRI) and MR microscopy (MRM) images of disarticulated human femoral heads, (b) to evaluate by MRM the topographic variations in articular cartilage of disarticulated human femoral heads, and subsequently, (c) to compare MRM images with histology. Ten disarticulated femoral heads were examined. Magnetic resonance images were obtained using spin-echo (SE) and gradient-echo (GE) sequences. Microimages were acquired on cartilage–bone cylindrical plugs excised from four regions (superior, inferior, anterior, posterior) of one femoral head, using a modified SE sequence. Both MRI and MRM images were obtained before and after a 90 ° rotation of the specimen, around the axis perpendicular to the examined cartilage surface. Finally, MRM images were correlated with histology. A trilaminar appearance of articular cartilage was observed with MRI and with a greater detail with MRM. A good correlation between MRI and MRM features was demonstrated. Both MRI and MRM showed a loss of the trilaminar cartilage appearance after specimen rotation, with greater evidence on MRM images. Cartilage excised from the four regions of the femoral head showed a different thickness, being thickest in the samples excised from the superior site. The MRM technique confirms the trilaminar MRI appearance of human articular cartilage, showing good correlation with histology. The loss of the trilaminar appearance of articular cartilage induced by specimen rotation suggests that this feature is partially related to the collagen-fiber orientation within the different layers. The MRM technique also shows topographic variations in thickness of human articular cartilage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050520
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction to ultrasound contrast agents: physics overview (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. S338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014069
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digital mammography with synchrotron radiation : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1325-1328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The SYRMEP (synchrotron radiation in medical physics) Collaboration is planning to use a beam of monochromatic x-rays provided by Elettra, the synchrotron radiation facility in operation at Trieste (Italy), in conjunction with a novel silicon pixel detector to conduct research in digital mammography. A beamline dedicated to mammography is presently under construction in Trieste; it will provide, at a distance of about 20 m from an Elettra bending magnet, a monochromatic laminar-section (150×4 mm2) x-ray beam. This beam will illuminate in vitro samples and will be detected by a fixed silicon microstrip device forming a matrix of pixels. Digital images of phantoms having a size common in the diagnostic practice (150×150 mm2), can then be produced by scanning the sample itself in front of the detector. A prototype detector with a sensitive area of 24×1 mm2 and pixels of 0.5×0.5 mm2 has been built and tested. We present the current status of the SYRMEP beamline and a digital image of a mammographic phantom exposed to a radioactive x-ray source. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145965
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silicon X-ray detector for synchrotron radiation digital radiology
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: 353 (1994), S. 366-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-9002
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(94)91677-2
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostic imaging of renal sarcomas and sarcomatoid renal cell carcinomas (1993)
    Springer
    European radiology 3 (1993), S. 326-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Renal sarcoma ; Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma ; Diagnostic imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Renal sarcomas and sarcomatoid renal cell carcinomas are extremely rare neoplasms of the kidney. The Authors reviewed the pathological files and report the features of 12 renal sarcomas and 22 sarcomatoid carcinomas. Leiomyosarcomas and liposarcomas were the most common tumors among the sarcomas, while sarcomatoid carcinomas presented different proportions of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. The findings of diagnostic imaging modalities, including plain film and intravenous urography (with nephrotomography), arteriography, ultrasonography and computed tomography, are reported. The findings enable the diagnosis of the nature of these masses. However, the actual experience does not allow a prospective diagnosis of renal sarcoma or of sarcomatoid carcinoma. The mesenchymal nature of the tumor may be suspected when the capsular or sinusal origin is evident, a fatty component is seen within a large aggressive mass and when a hypovascular mass with capsular vessels is seen in angiography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167462
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Projects within the C.E.R.E.E. (1993)
    Springer
    European radiology 3 (1993), S. 393-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00167479
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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