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Role of human FcεRI+ cells in HIV-1 infection (2001)

Marone, Gianni ; Florio, Giovanni ; Petraroli, Angelica ; [et al.]

Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers

Immunological reviews 179 (2001), S. 0

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ISSN: 1600-065X

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Summary: Enhanced serum IgE levels in adults and children with HIV-1 infection could be a marker of poor prognosis. HIV-1 infection is believed to involve a switch toward a “TH2-like” cytokine pattern. HIV-1 gp120 from different clades is a potent stimulus for histamine release from human basophils and mast cells. Gp120 also induces IL-4 and IL-13 synthesis from basophils. It functions as a viral superantigen by interacting with the VH3 region of IgE to induce mediator release from human FcεRI+ cells. The chemokine receptor CCR3, which binds the chemokines eotaxin and RANTES, is expressed by basophils and lung mast cells. By interacting with the CCR3 receptor on FcεRI+ cells, HIV-1 Tat protein is a potent chemoattractant for basophils and lung mast cells. Tat protein also induces IL-4 and IL-13 release from basophils. Incubation of basophils with Tat protein upregulates the surface expression of the CCR3 receptor, a co-receptor of HIV-1 infection. Extracellular Tat affects the directional migration of human FcεRI+ cells, CCR3 expression and TH2 cytokines release. We have shown that HIV-1 proteins gp120 and Tat trigger the release of cytokines critical for TH2 polarization from FcεRI+ cells through two distinct mechanisms. In addition, Tat upregulates the β-chemokine receptor CCR3, making FcεRI+ cells more susceptible to infection with CCR3 tropic HIV-1 isolates.This paper is dedicated to Rita Levi-Montalcini who first suggested an involvement of FcεRI+ cells in HIV-1 infection. This work was supported by a grant from the Istituto Superiore Sanità (AIDS project 40B.64 and 40A.67), CNR (Target project Biotechnology No. 99.00216.PF31 and No. 99.00401. PF49) and MURST (Rome, Italy).

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-065X.2001.790113.x

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In situ characterization of mast cells in the frog Rana esculenta (1998)

Chieffi Baccari, Gabriella ; de Paulis, Amato ; Di Matteo, L. ; [et al.]

Springer

Cell & tissue research 292 (1998), S. 151-162

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ISSN: 1432-0878

Keywords: Key words Histamine ; Immunocytochemistry ; Mast cells ; Melanocytes ; Nerves ; Rana esculenta (Anura)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Abstract The number, distribution, and ultrastructural characteristics of mast cells were assessed in the tongue, heart, and kidney of the frog Rana esculenta. The density of tongue mast cells (253±45 mast cells/mm2) was significantly higher than that of the heart (5.3±0.4/mm2) and kidney (15.3±1.4 /mm2). A striking feature of this study was the remarkable association of frog mast cells to nerves. The ultrastructural study of the mast cell/nerve association demonstrated that mast cells were closely apposed to or even embedded in nerves. Mast cells were also physically associated with melanocytes even in the heart. Mast cells were Alcian blue+/safranin+ in the tongue and in the peritoneum, whereas in the heart and in the kidney they were Alcian blue–/safranin+. The mast cells in the lamina propria of the gastrointestinal tract were Alcian blue+/safranin–. The cytoplasm of frog mast cells was packed with numerous heterogeneous, membrane-bound granules. The ultrastructure of these cytoplasmic granules was unique, being totally unlike any other previously described granules in other animal species as well as in man. The histamine content/frog mast cell (≈0.1 pg/cell) was approximately 30 times lower than that of human mast cells isolated from different tissues (≈3 pg/cell). A monoclonal anti-histamine antibody was used to confirm the ultrastructural localization of histamine in secretory granules in frog mast cells.