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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Tribolium decapentaplegic gene is similar in sequence, structure, and expression to the Drosophila dpp gene (1996)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 206 (1996), S. 237-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Tribolium castaneum ; TGF-β superfamily ; Decapentaplegic ; Dorsal/ventral axis ; Appendage development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We are characterizing members of the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, in order to examine the evolutionary conservation of the structure and function of TGF-β-like genes during insect development. A decapentaplegic-like gene of the TGF-β superfamily was isolated in Tribolium (Tc dpp) that is similar in sequence, organization, and expression to the Drosophila melanogaster dpp gene (Dm dpp). Conserved features include a high degree of sequence similarity in both the pro-domain and mature domains of the encoded polypeptide. In addition, the position of an intron within the protein-coding region is conserved in Tc dpp, Dm dpp, and two bone morphogenetic protein genes of the TGF-β superfamily in humans, BMP2 and BMP4. Consensus binding sites for the dorsal transcription factor are found within this intron in Tc dpp similar to the intronic location of several dorsal binding sites in Dm dpp. During embryogenesis, Tc dpp is expressed in an anterior cap of serosa cells at the blastoderm stage, in the dorsal ectoderm at the lateral edges of the developing and extended germ band, and in the distal tips of developing embryonic appendages. Several aspects of embryonic expression, similar in both flies and beetles, suggest conserved roles for dpp in cellular communication during the development of these distantly related insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050049
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two orthodenticle-related genes in the short-germ beetle Tribolium castaneum (1996)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 206 (1996), S. 35-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words orthodenticle ; Tribolium head development ; Homeobox gene ; Gene duplication ; Pattern formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  To investigate the molecular basis of head evolution, we searched for genes related to the Drosophila orthodenticle (otd) homeobox gene in the short-germ beetle Tribolium castaneum. Unexpectedly, we found that there are two otd-related genes in Tribolium, with predicted homeodomains highly similar to that of the single Drosophila gene. One of the two genes (Tc otd-1) is more related in both amino acid sequence and expression pattern to fruitfly otd. Tc otd-1 is expressed in a broad anterior stripe in the blastoderm embryo, suggesting a role in early head segmentation similar to that of the Drosophila gene. The second gene (Tc otd-2) is more similar in sequence to the otd-related genes isolated from different vertebrate species (the Otx gene family). Tc otd-2 is not transcribed in the blastoderm, but is expressed later in more limited subsets of cells in the anterior brain. Both Tribolium genes and the Drosophila gene are, unlike the vertebrate genes, also expressed at the developing ventral midline of the embryo. Our results are consistent with the idea that an otd/Otx gene specified anterior head structures in the last ancestor common to arthropods and vertebrates. Within the arthropod lineage, we propose that this gene acquired a function in cells at the developing midline prior to the duplication that generated the two Tribolium genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050028
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular and genetic analysis of the Tribolium Ultrabithorax ortholog, Ultrathorax (1999)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 209 (1999), S. 608-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Ultrabithorax ; Ultrathorax ; Tribolium ; HOM-C ; Insect evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Ultrabithorax (Ubx) is essential for the proper patterning of the posterior thorax and anterior abdomen in Drosophila. The Coleoptera and Diptera differ in the organization and structure of their thorax and anterior abdomen. Changes in the regulation of Ubx and/or its downstream target genes are predicted to underlie these altered morphologies. We exploited the feasibility of genetic analysis in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, to examine the role of its Ubx ortholog in development. We analyzedgenomic and cDNA clones that predict a polypeptide with nearly 100% identity with the Drosophila Ubx gene in the homeodomain and flanking sequences. Southern blot analysis indicates that these clones represent DNA sequences within the Homeotic complex (HOM-C) of Tribolium. Phenotypic analysis of mutant variants of the Ultrathorax (Utx) gene, and its location within the beetle HOM-C, strongly supports Utx being the Tribolium ortholog of Ubx. The embryonic expression pattern of Ubx-homologous transcripts coincides with the phenotypes associated with Utx mutations, providing support that the Ubx-homologous cloned DNA represents the Utx locus. By mid-germband extension Utx transcripts are expressed in a pattern similar to Ubx in Drosophila. However, during early germband formation Utx transcripts differ in both spatial and temporal progression. Utx expression is initially detected in parasegments 4 and 5 (T1p–T3a) as they are established during early germband formation. This is the first report of the wild-type parasegmental expression of an insect Ubx ortholog extending through parasegment 4. The earlier and more anterior expression in the thorax may underlie the modification of the Coleopteran thorax.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050295
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrabithorax is required for membranous wing identity in the beetle Tribolium castaneum (2005)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 433 (2005), S. 643-647 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The two pairs of wings that are characteristic of ancestral pterygotes (winged insects) have often undergone evolutionary modification. In the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, differences between the membranous forewings and the modified hindwings (halteres) depend on the Hox gene ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03272
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A deficiency of the homeotic complex of the beetle Tribolium (1991)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 350 (1991), S. 72-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Antennagalea (Ag) and Abdominal-Extra sderite 1 (AEsl) are dominant HOM-C mutations. AEsl suppresses all crossing over in the complex, whereas Ag is associated with a reduction in the rate of recovery of recombinants (data not shown). We observed that Ag/AEsl heterozygotes spontaneously generate ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/350072a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homoeosis in Drosophila: Maternal effect of the enhancer of Polycomb locus and its interaction with Polycomb and related loci (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 4 (1983), S. 185-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: maternal effects ; Polycomb locus ; Drosophila ; homoeosis ; Enhancer of Polycomb ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A mutation or deficiency of the Enhancer of Polycomb (E(Pc)) locus acts as a dominant enhancer of the adult mutant phenotypes of a group of similar homoeotic loci (Polycomb, Polycomblike, extra sex comb, and lethal(4)29). The E(Pc) mutation has a recessive lethal effect, and homo- and hemizygotes die as late embryos or larvae which appear cuticularly normal. E(Pc) also acts as a dominant enhancer of the embryonic homoeotic syndromes associated with Polycomb. Polycomblike, and lethal(4)29 mutations: its effect on the extra sex comb syndrome has not been effectively evaluated. At least for the interaction with Polycomb mutations, evidence is presented that the Enhancer of Polycomb locus has a maternal as well as a zygotic effect, and that its effect on Polycomb expression is not at the level of transcription. We suggest that the Enhancer of Polycomb locus acts specifically to regulate the activities of this set of homoeotic loci, and that E(Pc) recessive lethality results from noncuticular homoeotic defects which arise as a consequence of their reduced activity. In the context of this hypothesis, no present data allow us to distinguish whether Enhancer of Polycomb is a nonhomoeotic locus regulating the function(s) of Polycomb and related genes or is itself a homoeotic locus.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020040305
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryonic expression of the single Tribolium engrailed homolog (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 15 (1994), S. 7-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Tribolium ; engrailed ; embryogenesis ; segmentation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have cloned and sequenced the single Tribolium homolog of the Drosophila engrailed gene. The predicted protein contains a homeobox and several domains conserved among all engrailed genes identified to date. In addition it contains several features specific to the invected homologs of Bombyx and Drosophila, indicating that these features most likely were present in the ancestral gene in the common ancestor of holometabolous insects. We used the cross-reacting monoclonal antibody, 4D9, to follow the expression of the Engrailed protein during segmentation in Tribolium embryos. As in other insects, Engrailed accumulates in the nuclei of cells along the posterior margin of each segment. The first Engrailed stripe appears as the embryonic rudiment condenses. Then as the rudiment elongates into a germ band, Engrailed stripes appear in an anterior to posterior progression, just prior to morphological evidence of the formation of each segment. As in Drosophila (a long germ insect), expression of engrailed in Tribolium (classified as a short germ insect) is preceeded by the expression of several homologous segmentation genes, suggesting that similar genetic regulatory mechanisms are shared by diverse developmental types. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020150103
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lethal(1)aberrant immune response mutations leading to melanotic tumor formation in Drosophila melanogaster (1991)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 12 (1991), S. 173-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Melanotic tumor mutations ; cellular defense system ; invertebrate immunity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Using P element-mediated mutagenesis we have isolated 20 X-linked lethal mutations, representing at least 14 complementation groups, which exhibit melanotic tumor phenotypes. We present the systematic analysis of this interesting group of lethal mutations that were selected for their visible melanotic or immune response. The lethal and melanotic tumor phenotypes of each lethal(1) aberrant immune response (air) mutation are pleiotropic effects of single genetic lesions. Lethality occurs throughout the larval and early pupal periods of development and larval development is extended in some air mutants. The air mutant lethal syndromes include abnormalities associated with the brain, haematopoietic organs, gut, salivary glands, ring glands, and imaginal discs. Additional characterization of the melanotic tumor mutations Tuml and tu(1)Szts have indicated that the melanotic tumor phenotype is similar to that observed in the air mutants. These studies have led to the proposal that two distinct classes of melanotic tumor mutations exist. Class 1 includes mutants in which melanotic tumors result from “autoimmune responses” or the response of an apparently normal immune system to the presence of abnormal target tissues. The Class 2 mutants display obvious defects in the haematopoietic organs or haemocytes, manifested as overgrowth, and the resulting aberrant immune system behavior may contribute to melanotic tumor formation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020120302
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and function of the homeotic gene complex (HOM-C) in the beetle, Tribolium castaneum (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 15 (1993), S. 439-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The powerful combination of genetic, developmental and molecular approaches possible with the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has led to a profound understanding of the genetic control of early developmental events. However, Drosophila is a highly specialized long germ insect, and the mechanisms controlling its early development may not be typical of insects or Arthropods in general. The beetle, Tribolium castaneum, offers a similar opportunity to integrate high resolution genetic analysis with the developmental/molecular approaches currently used in other organisms. Early results document significant differences between insect orders in the functions of genes responsible for establishing developmental commitments.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950150702
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