Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kontrollierte Hypotension ; Nitroprussid ; Thrombozytenaggregation ; Epinephrin-induzierte Turbidometrie ; Impedanzmethode ; Key words Induced hypotension ; Nitroprusside ; Platelet aggregation ; Epinephrine-induced turbidometry ; Impedance method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Induced hypotension is an accepted technique to reduce intraoperative blood loss and thereby ensures satisfactory operating conditions, especially in microscopic interventions. Sodium nitroprusside (NP), which is often used for induced hypotension, was reported to inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro. Impairment of platelet function implies a higher bleeding risk, which would make the use of NP for induced hypotension questionable. Methods. With the approval of the local ethics committee, 30 patients scheduled for nasal septum operations were included in this randomised study. For induction of anaesthesia 2 mg vecuronium, 0.1 mg fentanyl, 0.2 mg/kg etomidate, and 1 mg/kg succinylcholine were used. After tracheal intubation the patients inhaled 1.0–1.5 vol. % isoflurane in a gas mixture containing 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Fifteen patients received an IV infusion of NP for 60 min. The concentrations chosen produced a decrease of mean arterial blood pressure to 50 mm Hg. Blood samples were taken before induction of anaesthesia; after induction of anaesthesia but before beginning of the operation; and 60 min after the beginning of the operation. This time-point coincided with the end of NP administration in the study group. The last blood sample was drawn the morning after the operation. Platelet function was determined in platelet-rich plasma by a turbidometric method after adding 22 μmol/l epinephrine to induce aggregation. The spontaneous aggregation was measured in whole blood using impedance aggregometry. Data within one group were ana0lysed using analysis of variance. Student's t-test for unpaired values served to compare data between the two groups. Results. Biometric data in the two groups were comparable. The blood loss in the control group [265 (190–410) ml] significantly exceeded (P〈0.05) that in the hypotensive group [125 (75–210) ml]. No significant changes in platelet function were found throughout the study period in the patients treated with NP. In the control patients the epinephrine-induced aggregation increased significantly from 53.1± 5.3% before anaesthesia to 72.1± 3.3% the morning after the intervention. The spontaneous aggregation showed a significant increase from 0.718±0.338 Ohm/h before anaesthesia to 2.164±0.442 Ohm/h 60 min after the beginning of the operation. The value on the 1st postoperative day (2.266±0.448 Ohm/h) was also significantly higher than the basal value. Conclusions. In contradiction to in vitro studies using high concentrations of NP, we could not find a decrease in platelet aggregation due to hypotensive anaesthesia with this drug in vivo. In the control group a significant increase in platelet aggregation was observed, which was probably counteracted in the hypotensive patients by the interaction of NP with cyclic guanosine monophosphate (c-GMP). NP augments the intracellular concentration of c-GMP, which is known to decrease platelet aggregation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nitroprussid (NP), das häufig zur kontrollierten Hypotension eingesetzt wird, hemmt in vitro die Thrombozytenaggregation (TA). Um den in vivo-Einfluß zu untersuchen, wurden 30 Patienten zur Nasenseptumkorrektur randomisiert einer NP- oder Kontrollgruppe zugeordnet. 15 Patienten erhielten Nitroprussid über 60 min infundiert, um den mittleren arteriellen Blutdruck auf 50 mm Hg zu senken. Blutproben wurden vor Narkoseeinleitung (T1), nach Narkoseeinleitung (T2), 60 min nach Operationsbeginn (T3) sowie am 1. postoperativen Tag (T4) entnommen und die Epinephrin-induzierte (Turbidometrie) und spontane TA (Impedanzmethode) gemessen. Bei den Kontrollpatienten war die induzierte TA bei T4 (72,1±3,3%) signifikant (p〈0,05) höher als bei T1 (53,1±5,3%). Die spontane TA in der Kontrollgruppe stieg von 0,718±0,338 Ohm/h als Ausgangswert auf 2,164±0,442 Ohm/h zu T3 und 2,266±0,488 Ohm/g zu T4 hin signifikant an. In der NP-Gruppe unterlag die TA keinen signifikanten Veränderungen. NP wirkte vermutlich der in der Kontrollgruppe beobachteten Hyperaggregabilität entgegen, wofür ein intrazellulärer Konzentrationsanstieg von c-GMP verantwortlich sein könnte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 47 (1998), S. 644-650 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Eigenblutspende ; Autologe Blutentnahme ; Nebenwirkungen ; Spenderreaktionen ; Risikofaktoren ; Bluttransfusion ; Key words Autologous blood donation ; Donor reactions ; Risk factors ; Adverse effects ; Blood transfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objective: Autologous blood donation before elective surgery decreases the perioperative risk although donation itself can cause adverse effects. Are there specific donor characteristics, which influence the frequency and severity of adverse effects? Methods: We investigated in a prospective study 3603 autologous blood donations including registration of patient’s age, gender, height, weight, medical record and risk-score by Böcker. The adverse effects were divided into severity groups (SG). The Investigation took place in a Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine in an university hospital. 1041 patients with preoperative autologous blood donation were in-vestigated between January 1995 and April 1997. Results: 7.4% of patients had adverse effects. Hypotension and bradycardia were the most frequent adverse effects. 4.3% of the adverse effects were graded as minimal (SG 1), 2.4% as mild (SG 2) and 0.7% as moderate (SG 3). The rate was higher in young donors (〈25 years). For all other donor characteristics including older age, cardiac or pulmonary diseases and high risk-score no higher donation risk was observed. Conclusions: Adverse effects during and after autologous blood donation are rare. Predictor for reaction seems to be young age (〈25 years). Referring to donor’s characteristics and predonation risk factors it is hardly possible to predict adverse effects. Thus, all autologous blood donors require adequate monitoring by a physician. Under these circumstances the autologous blood donation is a safe procedure, even in patients with severe risk factors.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Autologe Blutentnahmen vor elektiven, chirurgischen Eingriffen helfen das perioperative Risiko zu vermindern, können aber selbst Nebenwirkungen auslösen. Gibt es besondere Patientenmerkmale, die die Häufigkeit und den Schweregrad unerwünschter Ereignisse beeinflussen? Methodik: Offene prospektive Untersuchung bei 3603 autologen Blutentnahmen mit der Erfassung von Alter, Geschlecht, Größe, Gewicht, Vorerkrankungen des Patienten, Eingriff, Art der Entnahme (Eigenblutspende oder Plasmapherese) und des jeweiligen Risikoscores nach Böcker. Die beobachteten Nebenwirkungen wurden in Schweregrade eingeteilt und mit den erfaßten Parametern ausgewertet. Die Untersuchung erfolgte im Bereich Eigenblutspende der Abteilung Anaesthesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin einer Universitätsklinik. Es wurden 1041 Patienten im Zeitraum vom 1. Januar 1995 bis 1. April 1997 untersucht, die sich einer präoperativen, autologen Blutentnahme unterzogen. Ergebnisse: Bei 7,4% der Patienten traten Nebenwirkungen auf. Hypotension und Bradykardie waren am häufigsten vertreten. 4,3% der Nebenwirkungen wurden als Schweregrad (SG) 1 (minimal), 2,4% als SG 2 (leicht) und 0,7% als SG 3 (mäßig) eingestuft. Die Häufigkeit von Nebenwirkungen war lediglich in der Gruppe der Patienten unter 25 Jahren erhöht. Für alle übrigen untersuchten Merkmale, einschließlich hohem Alter, kardialen oder pulmonalen Vorerkrankungen und hohem Risikoscore ließ sich kein erhöhtes Spenderisiko feststellen. Schlußfolgerungen: Nebenwirkungen bei autologer Blutentnahme sind seltene Ereignisse. Prädiktor für mögliche Nebenwirkungen ist niedriges Lebensalter (〈25 Jahren). Bezüglich der anderen untersuchten Parameter und Risikofaktoren ist der Vorhersagewert gering. Somit benötigen alle Patienten zur autologen Blutentnahme gleichermaßen eine ärztliche Überwachung. Unter diesen Voraussetzungen kann selbst bei Patienten mit schweren Begleiterkrankungen die Eigenblutentnahme als sicheres Verfahren gelten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter HES ; Gelatine ; Hämodilution ; Transkranielle Dopplersonographie ; Laser-Doppler-Flußmessung ; Key words HES ; Gelatin ; Transcranial Doppler sonography ; Laser Doppler flowmetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objective: Quantifying the influence of extreme isovolemic hemodilution (NH) with different colloids on cerebral blood flow velocities (transcranial Doppler sonography) and cutaneous microcirculatory blood flow (laser Doppler flowmetry) in healthy, non-premedicated volunteers was the aim of this study. Methods: In seven volunteers (randomized cross-over design) 20 ml/kg blood was withdrawn within 30 min and simultaneously replaced with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (200000/0.5, HES) or 3% gelatin (GEL). Thirty minutes later, the autologous blood was retransfused (RT) within 30 min. Due to a severe allergic reaction to gelatin in one volunteer, only 6 GEL-NH were evaluated. Recorded parameters were: mean blood flow velocities (Vm-MCA) as well as the pulsatility index (PI) and the resistance index (RI) over the middle cerebral artery. In addition laser Doppler flux (FLUX), cell velocity (SPEED), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hc) were monitored. Results: NH resulted in a withdrawal volume of 1498±85 ml (HES) and 1493±95 ml (GEL), (mean±SD) and induced a decrease in hemoglobin from 40.9 to 29.0% (HES) and from 39.8 to 30.0% (GEL). RT increased Hc to 34.2% (HES) and 34.5% (GEL). MAP and HR showed no significant alterations in both groups. Following NH, Vm-MCA rose almost the same way in either case (26% HES), 21% (GEL), but decreased continuously again during RT. After completing RT, only in the HES group Vm-MCA still remained higher than baseline values (14% HES, only 3% GEL). Similar inverse regression lines were found for the two groups between Hc and Vm-MCA: [Vm-MCAHES (cm/s)=−1.27×Hc+110.9; r=0.98, P〈0.001 and Vm-MCAGEL (cm/s)= −1.32×Hc+110.9; r=0.91, P〈0.001]. Furthermore, as a result of NH, FLUX and SPEED increased about 61% and 38% in the HES group and remained on higher values in comparison with starting positions (21% FLUX, 13% SPEED). However, the results in the GEL group were of a different kind: FLUX and SPEED increased stupendously to 291% and 114% combined with NH, but both were reduced by RT on a large scale (39 and 27% below baseline values). Whereas RI showed no group differences, there was a remarkable drop in PI during RT (17% HES, 12% GEL). Conclusion: The two plasma expanders studied show a close inverse correlation between the alterations of blood flow velocities in the middle cerebral artery and systemic hemoglobin and hematocrit values. In both groups the change in blood flow velocities is comparable. For the first time the results of relative changes in blood flow velocities following hemodilution and retransfusion in healthy volunteers are described that correspond closely by relative cerebral blood flow alterations found in animal studies as well. Moreover, a non-linear correlation of cutaneous microcirculation was shown by means of HES, but also by GEL. Obviously, there was the GEL group to be responsible for pronounced differences in cutaneous circulation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Ziel dieser Untersuchung war, den Einfluß einer ausgedehnten isovolämischen Hämodilution (NH) mit differenten kolloidalen Lösungen auf die Parameter der transkraniellen Dopplersonographie (TCD) und der kutanen Laser-Doppler-Flußmessung an wachen, unprämedizierten Probanden vergleichend zu quantifizieren. Methode: Der Blutverlust (20 ml/kg KG) wurde bei 7 Probanden randomisiert in 2 Sitzungen über einen Zeitraum von 30 min durchgeführt. Als isovolämischer Ersatz dienten Hydroxyethylstärke 6% (HES, 200000/0,5) bzw. eine 3%ige Gelatinelösung (GEL). 30 min später wurde das autologe Blut wiederum über einen Zeitraum von 30 min retransfundiert (RT). Ergebnisse: Eine NH mit einem durchschnittlichen Entnahmevolumen von 1498±85 ml (HES) und 1493±95 ml (GEL) induzierte Hämatokritreduktionen (Hk) von 40,9% auf 29,0% (HES) bzw. 39,8% auf 30,0% (GEL). Unter RT stiegen die Hk-Werte kontinuierlich an, blieben jedoch mit 34,2% (HES) und 34,5% (GEL) unter den Ausgangswerten. Der systemische Blutdruck sowie die Herzfrequenz waren insgesamt nicht verändert bzw. gruppendifferent. Die mittlere Blutflußgeschwindigkeit (Vm-MCA) stieg unter NH um 26% (HES) und 21% (GEL) linear an, fiel unter RT kontinuierlich ab und blieb nur in der HES-Gruppe (14%) auf einem gegenüber den Ausgangswerten höheren Niveau (3%, GEL). In Folge der NH kam es in der HES-Gruppe zu Anstiegen des kutanen Laser-Doppler-Flux (FLUX) und der mittleren Zellgeschwindigkeit (SPEED) um 61% und 38%. Nach RT lagen diese Parameter noch ca. 21% und 13% über den Ausgangswerten. Zu signifikant unterschiedlichen Effekten kam es in der GEL-Gruppe: Der FLUX bzw. der SPEED stiegen unter NH überdimensional um 291% und 114% an und zeigten unter RT eine derartige Abnahme, daß nach RT die Ergebnisse um 39% und 27% unter den Ausgangswerten lagen. Schlußfolgerung: Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse zeigen sowohl für HES wie auch für GEL eine enge inverse Korrelation der Blutflußgeschwindigkeitsveränderungen in der MCA mit den hämodilutions- und retransfusionsbedingten Änderungen bei systemischen Hämoglobin- und Hämatokritwerten. In der kutanen Mikrozirkulation kam es demgegenüber in beiden Untersuchungsgruppen zu überproportionalen bzw. nicht linearen Veränderungen und speziell dabei in der GEL-Gruppe zu extremen Perfusionsdifferenzen
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hypotension ; Nitroprussidnatrium ; Interleukin-6 ; Stickstoffmonoxid ; Katecholamine ; Key words Hypotension ; Sodium nitroprusside ; Interleukin-6 ; Nitric oxide ; Catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In animal models authors have dealt with the question of whether hypotension alone can cause an acute-phase response even in the absence of marked blood loss and trauma. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), which was employed in the animal models, is also used to induce hypotension in humans. Since no data are available on human subjects plasma concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), an important mediator of the acute-phase response, were studied in patients during SNP infusion for induction of hypotension. Methods. After approval by the local ethics committee, 20 patients scheduled for elective oto-rhino-laryngological operations participated in this randomised prospective study. Anaesthesia was induced with fentanyl, etomidate, vecuronium and succinylcholine and was maintained with isoflurane in 66% N2O and 33% O2. Ten patients received SNP to reduce mean arterial blood pressure to 50 mmHg, while another ten patients served as controls. Blood samples were taken before the induction of anaesthesia, during surgery (at the end of the SNP infusion), 60 min after surgery and on the day after surgery. IL-6 concentrations were determined by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Epinephrine and norepinephrine in plasma were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Results. The IL-6 plasma concentration increased significantly from 3.2 (0–7.5) pg/ml (median and range) to 31.8 (9–42.2) pg/ml in the SNP group and from 3.5 (0–8.3) pg/ml to 15.2 (7.4–19) pg/ml in the control group on the morning after surgery. The IL-6 values at this time were significantly (P〈0.05) higher in the SNP group than in the controls. Norepinephrine increased significantly from 263 (150–920) pg/ml (median and range) preoperatively to 419 (115–897) pg/ml, and the epinephrine concentrations rose significantly from 77 (12–159) pg/ml to 115 (83–330) pg/ml at the end of SNP administration. No significant changes in the catecholamine concentrations were observed in the control group. Conclusions. The SNP infusion exerted an important additional stimulus for IL-6 release after relatively mild surgical trauma in both groups. This finding is probably due to the liberation of NO from the SNP molecule and an increase in the intracellular concentration of cGMP. The elevation of the plasma catecholamines immediately after SNP administration should also be taken into account, because an augmentation of the cAMP in various cell types has been proven to result in increased release of IL-6.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Untersuchung ging der Frage nach, ob eine kontrollierte Hypotension mit Nitroprussidnatrium (NPN) das Ausmaß der Akutphasenreaktion beeinflußt. Nach Genehmigung durch die Ethikkommission wurden 20 Patienten mit Nasen-Septumkorrektur-Operationen untersucht, von denen 10 eine kontrollierte Hypotension mit NPN erhielten. Die Narkose wurde mit Fentanyl, Etomidat eingeleitet und mit Isofluran in 66% N 2 0 und 33% O 2 fortgeführt. Die Interleukin-6-Plasmakonzentrationen (IL-6) stiegen in beiden Gruppen am 1. postoperativen Tag signifikant (p〈0,05) an. Dabei lagen die Werte in der NPN-Gruppe mit 31,8 (9–42,2) pg/ml (Median und Streubreite) signifikant über denen der Kontrollgruppe mit 15,2 (7,4–19,0) pg/ml. In der NPN-Gruppe stiegen die Plasmakonzentrationen der Katecholamine zum intraoperativen Meßzeitpunkt signifikant an. Die NPN-Gabe stellte einen erheblichen Stimulus für die Freisetzung von IL-6 dar, dem wichtigsten Mediator der Akutphasenreaktion. Als Ursache hierfür kommen das beim NPN-Abbau entstehende Stickstoffmonoxid und der Anstieg der Katecholamin-Plasmakonzentrationen in Betracht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörterα2-Rezeptoren ; Radioliganden-Bindungsstudien ; Clonidin ; Dexmedetomidin ; Thrombozytenaggregation ; Key wordsα2-Receptors ; Radioligand assays ; Clonidine ; Dexmedetomidine ; Platelet aggregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract α2-Agonists are being used increasingly in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine because of their antihypertensive, analgesic and sedative properties. Platelets bear α2-receptors on the cell surface. Stimulation of these receptors by agonists induces platelet aggregation. The present study examined whether in vitro incubation of blood with the α2-agonists clonidine and dexmedetomidine decreases α2-receptor density and hereby influences platelet aggregation. Methods. Whole blood of 20 healthy volunteers was incubated over 24 h at 37° C with 1 ng/ml clonidine or 1 or 10 ng/ml dexmedetomidine. Induced platelet aggregation was determined by means of turbidometry. Epinephrine (22 μmol/l) or collagen (20 mg/l) served as inductors. The density of α2-receptors was measured in radioligand assays with 3H-Yohimbine. Phentolamine was used to assess unspecific binding. The data were analyzed with an analysis of variance. Results. Neither 1 ng/ml clonidine nor 1 ng/ml dexmedetomidine altered platelet aggregation or α2-receptor density in comparison with the control sample. As a major result we found that 10 ng/ml dexmedetomidine caused a significant (P〈0.05) reduction in epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation (16.0± 5.4%, n=20, mean±SEM) compared with the control (46.0±1.3%, n=20). α2-Receptor density was not any different from the control. Conclusions. This in vitro study showed that clinically relevant concentrations of 1 ng/ml clonidine or dexmedetomidine did not alter platelet aggregation or α2-receptor density, even after 24 h exposure. However, 10 ng/ml dexmedetomidine was found to diminish significantly epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation, but did not change α2-receptor density. This result showed that desensitization of platelet aggregation can occur without quantitative changes in α2-receptors.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Thrombozyten tragen α 2 -Rezeptoren auf der Zelloberfläche, deren Stimulation die Thrombozytenaggregation auslöst. Die vorliegende Untersuchung ging der Frage nach, ob α 2 -Agonisten die Dichte thrombozytärer α 2 -Rezeptoren vermindern und hierüber die Thrombozytenaggregation beeinträchtigen. Venöse Blutproben von 20 gesunden Probanden wurden über 24 h in vitro mit Clonidin und Dexmedetomidin inkubiert. Die Epinephrin- und Kollagen-induzierte Thrombozytenaggregation wurde mit Hilfe der Turbidometrie und die Dichte der thrombozytären α 2 -Rezeptoren in Radioliganden-Bindungsstudien mit 3 H-Yohimbin gemessen. Die klinisch relevanten Konzentrationen von 1 ng/ml Clonidin bzw. Dexmedetomidin führten zu keinen signifikanten Veränderungen der Thrombozytenaggregation oder der α 2 -Rezeptoren-Dichte. 10 ng/ml Dexmedetomidin verursachten eine signifikante (p〈0,05) Abnahme der Epinephrin-induzierten Thrombozytenaggregation (16,0±5,4%, n=20, Mittelwert±SEM) verglichen mit der Kontrollprobe (46,0±1,3%, n=20). Für die α 2 -Rezeptorendichte ergaben sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zur Kontrollprobe. Dieses Ergebnis zeigte, daß eine Desensitivierung der Epinephrin-induzierten Thrombozytenaggregation ohne quantitative Veränderung der α 2 -Rezeptoren auftreten kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Craniotomy ; interleukin-6 ; interleukin-10 ; catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Accidental and operative trauma are able to induce a systemic reaction of the organism characterized by fever, leukocytosis, catabolism, and an activation of the coagulation system. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been found to be an important mediator of this acute-phase response. In this study the influence of elective craniotomy on IL-6 plasma levels was evaluated. Blood samples were obtained from 20 patients undergoing elective craniotorny for vascular or tumorous diseases of the brain. IL-6 increased significantly (p 〈 0.05) from the pre-operative (0 (0–5.4) pg/ml) to the intraoperative (180 min after beginning of surgery) time-point (10.6 (0–18.5) pg/ml). The maximum was reached on the first postoperative morning (13.9 (4.3–45.0) pg/ml). Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine which suppresses IL-6 synthesis in vitro in various cell lines. IL-10 plasma concentrations showed no alterations throughout the study period. Epinephrine plasma concentrations increased significantly from pre-operative values (15 (0–74) pg/ml) to the postoperative time-point (57 (9–459) pg/ml). A 4.5-fold increase (p 〈 0.05) of norepinephrine plasma concentrations was found when comparing the data obtained 60 min after beginning of surgery with the data of the first postoperative morning. In monocytes, which are a major source of plasma IL-6, an elevation of intracellular cAMP stimulates the IL-6 synthesis. The postoperative maximum of IL-6 in plasma could be due to a release of catecholamines. In conclusion this study demonstrated an elevation of IL-6 plasma concentrations during and after elective craniotomy. Increased plasma catecholamine concentrations as well as a damage in the blood-brain barrier due to the surgical trauma with a spill-over of IL-6 from brain tissue into plasma could have contributed to this result.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 752-760 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Structural and energetic properties of the adducts formed by adsorbing methanol onto size-selected gold clusters are investigated by infrared photodissociation of trapped Aun+(CH3OH)m, n=1–10,15 and m=1–3. The excitation of vibrational modes of methanol leads to the desorption of neutral molecules which is monitored by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Spectra are obtained by measuring the fragment ion intensity as a function of photon energy. The C–O stretching vibration of adsorbed methanol changes discontinuously with cluster size. By comparison with Car–Parrinello calculations this change is traced back to the dimensionality of the gold clusters. The number of photons necessary for the desorption of methanol molecules provides an estimate of the respective separation energies. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 37 (1972), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 37 (1972), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model was developed to describe the deterioration of potato chips, a model of dry food products in flexible packages. In this product, deterioration occurred by two mechanisms acting simultaneously with interaction between them. The mechanisms were: oxidation by atmospheric oxygen and textural changes due to water absorption. We found that the extent of oxidation and the equilibrium relative humidity increase due to water absorption could be predicted as a function of time. The technique can be applied to investigate the storage life of products for different package configurations, initial conditions and environmental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate of oxidation of potato chips as a function of oxygen partial pressure, extent of oxidation and equilibrium relative humidity was determined. We used the results to build mathematical models with the rate of oxidation as the dependent variable and the other three factors as independent variables. A mixed approach was used in model building which included incorporation of the knowledge of kinetics of lipid autoxidation mechanisms in food products as well as empirical relations. We developed a relatively simple model with only four constants. Statistical analysis indicates a good fit of this equation to the experimental results and suggests an experimental design allowing evaluation of the constants with less experimentation. The equation developed is useful for package simulation and optimization and storage life prediction, and we expect that the model can be applied to other food products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...