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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbonic anhydrase histochemistry in rabbit and mouse kidneys (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 204 (1982), S. 185-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The presence of carbonic anhydrase activity in rabbit and mouse kidneys was examined using a histochemical procedure with plastic embedded sections stained by the modified version of the cobalt-phosphate method (Hansson, 1967, 1968; Ridderstrale, 1976). Proximal convoluted tubules (S1 and S2 segments) in both species were strongly positive for carbonic anhydrase activity on the membranes of the luminal, lateral, and basal surfaces. The apical cytoplasm beneath the brush border and the nuclei also stained positively for carbonic anhydrase. The S3 segment (pars recta) of the proximal tubule in the rabbit was positive on the luminal membrane, with somewhat less intensity seen on the lateral and basal surfaces. This segment in the mouse was completely negative. The first part of the thin limbs of long-looped nephrons exhibited strong staining in the mouse. Faint luminal staining was present on descending thin limbs of short-looped nephrons in the mouse. In the rabbit, both the medullary and cortical ascending thick segments of the limb of Henle were completely negative. In contrast, the medullary and cortical ascending thick limbs in the mouse kidney showed staining on all plasma membranes. The intercalated cells in the cortical and medullary portion of the collecting tubules stained positively for carbonic anhydrase in both species. The principal cells of the collecting duct in the cortex were negative in the rabbit and faintly positive in the mouse. The principal cells in the upper medullary collecting tubules in both species stained intensely along the luminal, lateral, and basal cell membranes. The papillary collecting ducts were largely negative in both the rabbit and the mouse. Some interstitial cells in the rabbit in the region of the papillary tip were strongly positive. We conclude that there is a marked difference in carbonic anhydrase activity within and between the renal tubular segments of the rabbit and the mouse. In addition, these distinct differences that exist between the two species correlated with known physiological roles in ion transport.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092040303
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of norepinephrine-induced acute renal failure in the dog (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 214 (1986), S. 341-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The 40-minute infusion of norepinephrine (NE) into the renal artery of dogs produces a reversible ischemic model of acute renal failure. While the physiology of this model has been extensively studied, no complete description of the pathology exists. This study uses light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to describe and quantitate the structural and ultrastructural changes which occur in the kidneys of dogs 1, 3, and 24 hours after the intrarenal infusion of 0.75 mg/kg/minute of NE. One hour after a 40-minute NE infusion the majority of convoluted and straight proximal tubules showed apical blebs, loss of brush border, microvillar whorl formation, and mitochondrial condensation and high-amplitude swelling with flocculent densities. Necrotic cells were occasionally seen at 1 hour. The injury was progressive after 3 hours and by 24 hours animals had either complete or partial patchy necrosis of all regions of the proximal tubule. The percentages of injured and necrotic proximal tubules in outer, mid-, and inner cortical regions are presented. We conclude that the extent and pattern of injury seen after NE infusion differs significantly from the renal artery clamping model of ischemia.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092140402
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent structure-function relationships in normal and injured mammalian kidneys (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recent investigations have been aimed at understanding the ultrastructural-functional relationships within the kidney at organ, tubule, subcellular, and molecular levels. This has led to a redefinition and more precise segmentation of the renal tubule. For example, the connecting piece between distal tubule and collecting system has now been established.The use of immunocytochemical techniques, such as fluorescence, ferritin- or peroxidase-labelled immunoglobulin methods, has made it possible to identify proteins in the kidney especially in renal corpuscles. Two major noncollagenous glycoproteins, fibronectin and laminin, have now been identified in the glomerulus. The glycosaminoglycan, heparan sulfate, has been localized to the glomerular basement membrane and is thought to play an important role in charge perm-selectivity during glomerular filtration. Subtle changes in glomerular podocyte or endothelial cell structure are postulated by some to play a role in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure. The role of the mesangial cell in glomerular function is being studied in situ in homogeneous cell populations. These cells are capable of prostaglandin production and can contract in response to hormonal stimulation.The intimate positioning of short- and long-looped nephrons in the renal medulla and the unique nature of the pelvic epithelium correlates well with the purported role of urea recycling in the urinary concentrating mechanism. Determination of elemental concentration of soluble substances in various renal cell and extracellular compartments have been made using freeze-hydrated and freeze-dried cryosections of kidney tissue.The medullary and cortical ascending thick limbs of the distal tubule are morphologically and functionally distinct regions. Their response to hormonal stimulation and their enzymatic activities are quite different. Morphological studies of the collecting duct have provided new insight into the role this segment of the uriniferous tubule plays in fluid and electrolyte transport and urinary acidification.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050102
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survey of the morphology of the dog kidney (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 194 (1979), S. 41-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Dogs are frequent subjects in experimental studies of renal physiology and pathology in spite of the paucity of information on their normal renal morphology. In this study, gross morphology, light microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to describe dog renal anatomy. The dog has a multilobed kidney with the medulla fused into an elongate crest and a renal pelvis of elaborate shape. The outer zone of the medulla lacks a definitive outer stripe. The proximal tubule consists of four distinct anatomical segments. Dark cells are abundant in the collecting duct of the inner medulla. The majority of the nephron segments demonstrate remarkable similarities to those of the human kidney and less to those of the kidney of the laboratory rat.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091940104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term consequences of cis-platinum-induced renal injury: A structural and functional study (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 212 (1985), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Previous studies have shown that a single dose of the antitumor drug, cis-platinum, causes renal cyst formation in rats 1-6 months after drug injection. This observation led to a further evaluation of the long-term effects of cisplatinum on the kidney of the rat. Fisher 344 rats (N = 13) were given either a single intraperitoneal injection of cis-platinum (6 mg/kg body weight) or saline (control) and 15 months later renal function and pathology were assessed. The glomerular filtration rate and urinary osmolality in the cis-platinum-treated rats at 15 months were significantly reduced compared to controls, 520 ± 59 μl/min/gm kidney weight versus 799 ± 100 (P 〈 .05) and 871 ± 194 mOsm/kg H2O versus 1471 ± 162 (P 〈 .05), respectively. Renal injury was less marked and of a more chronic type than to that originally described 6 months after cis-platinum. Morphometric evaluation of renal injury revealed cis-platinum-treated rats had greater numbers of abnormal proximal tubules (atrophic or hyperplastic) when compared to control rats. Glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis were also more prevalent in the animals injected with cis-platinum. In the inner stripe of the outer medulla, numerous markedly dilated tubules filled with hyaline casts and lined by simple squamous cells were present. To assess why cis-platinum exerts a chronic effect on the kidney, total platinum levels were measured in different regions of the kidney as a function of time after drug injection. Platinum levels were significantly elevated in the cortex, outer and inner stripe regions, and in the inner medulla for as long as 1 month after cis-platinum treatment. By 2 months, however, the values were no greater than controls. In summary, cis-platinum exerts a significant long-term chronic effect on the structure and function of the rat kidney.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092120304
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glomerular architectural changes after a two-hour infusion of norepinephrine (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 159 (1980), S. 379-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Alterations in glomerular architecture have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of several models of acute renal failure. In this study, mongrel dogs were subjected to an intrarenal infusion of norepinephrine for 2 hours. Light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to describe glomerular architecture 2 days after the initial norepinephrine infusion. In addition, scanning electron microscopy was used to quantitate the percentage of “abnormal areas” in glomerular capillary-loop morphology in both norepinephrine-infused kidneys and the contralateral control kidneys. Alterations in glomerular structure in these experiments appeared to be much less extensive than previously reported. A variable amount of glomerular pedical shape simplification was seen, which involved about 15% of the capillary loop Quantitative evaluation revealed abnormal morphology of 15.2% ± 0.6% of the glomerular capillary loop in the norepinephrine-infused kidneys, compared to 2.9% ± 0.4 abnormal loop structure in the contralateral control kidneys (P 〈0.001). It is concluded that alterations in glomerular structure are not extensive in this model.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001590403
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of the thin limbs of henle in kidneys of the desert heteromyid (Perognathus penicillatus) (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 161 (1981), S. 33-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The thin limbs of both long- and short-looped nephrons in Perognathus kidneys were studied with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The superficial nephrons have a short thin limb located in the vascular bundles of the outer medulla and are characterized by a simple, low-lying epithelium (0.4 ± 0.1 μ thickness). In contrast, the first descending part of the thin limb of the majority of midcortical and juxtamedullary nephrons has a relatively thick epithelium (1.7 ± 0.6 μ in thickness) with marked lateral and basal interdigitation and a dense surface covering of microvilli. The remaining part of the long descending thin limb is relatively simple with a low-lying epithelium (0.6 ± 0.1 μ in thickness), decorated on its surface by sparse microplicae. The bend of the loop and the ascending limb are covered by a very simple low-lying epithelium (0.6 ± 0.2 μ in thickness) with relatively little surface modification. The extreme urine-concentrating ability of Perognathus does not appear to be due to the development of a unique thin loop epithelium but rather to the extensive length of the inner and outer medulla.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001610104
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative evaluation of the glomerular capillary endothelium in rat and human kidneys: Utilization of vascular perfusion, freeze-cracking of tissue, and scanning electron microscopy (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 1 (1984), S. 185-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Glomerular capillary endothelium ; Vascular perfusion ; Freeze-cracking ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Modern morphological investigation requires the use of a variety of technological approaches and the employment of rigorous morphometric analysis for an adequate evaluation of the structural and ultrastructural features of a tissue or organ. The introduction of the technique of freeze-cracking of tissue to expose new surfaces has made it possible to quantitate the normal surface characteristics of the glomerular capillaries of the mammalian kidney. This report describes the techniques used for the preparation and quantitative assessment of normal glomerular endothelial morphology. The techniques of in vivo and in vitro vascular perfusion of kidneys as a method of fixation and the freeze-cracking of tissue are outlined in detail. In addition, a morphometric analysis of the endothelial surface characteristics are described and values are reported for the control rat and human kidneys from transplant donors.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060010207
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of the minipig kidney (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 9 (1988), S. 213-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0741-0581
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Nephron ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The minipig has a multilobar kidney with a wide cortex and short papilla. The vascular bundles are of a simple type. Although short and long looped nephrons are both present, the short looped kind predominates. The minipig has many morphological similarities to dog and human kidneys. One particularly unique feature of the minipig papillary collecting duct cells, however, is the presence of electron-dense granules in the basal cytoplasm which appear to be secreted into the lateral intercellular spaces, perhaps forming a water-tight seal in a manner analogous to membrane-coating granules found in the epidermis of skin.
    Additional Material: 45 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1060090302
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