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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integrin α6 expression in human prostate carcinoma cells is associated with a migratory and invasive phenotypein vitro andin vivo (1995)
    Springer
    Clinical & experimental metastasis 13 (1995), S. 481-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Keywords: basement membrane ; cell adhesion ; extracellular matrix ; laminin ; prostate cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cell adhesion and migration are important features in tumor invasion, being mediated in part by integrins (extracellular matrix receptors). Integrins are significantly decreased in human prostate cancer. An exception is α6 integrin (laminin receptor) which persists during prostate tumor progression. We have selected high (DU-H) and low (DU-L) expressors of α6 integrin from a human prostate tumor cell line, DU145, to assess experimentally the importance of α6 integrin in tumor invasion. DU-H cells exhibited a four-fold increased expression of α6 integrin on the surface compared to DU-L cells. Both cell types contained similar amounts of α3 and α5 integrin. The DU-H cells contained α6 subunits complexed with both the β1 and β4 subunits whereas DU-L cells contained α6 complexed only with β4. DU-H cells were three times more mobile on laminin as compared to DU-L, but adhered similarly on laminin. Adhesion and migration were inhibited with anti-α6 antibody. Each subline was injected intraperitoneally into SCID mice to test its invasive potential. Results showed greater invasion of DU-H compared to DU-L cells, with increased expression of a6 integrin on the tumor at the areas of invasion. These data suggest that α6 integrin expression is advantageous for prostate tumor cell invasion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00118187
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental induction of rhabdomyosarcoma in mice with fractionated doses of β-irradiation (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 125 (1999), S. 257-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Key words: Rhabdomyosarcoma ; β-Irradiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Repeated doses of β-radiation in the mouse skin model have been reported to produce carcinomas and sarcomas with equal frequency. Among sarcomas, fibrosarcomas and osteosarcomas have been the predominant reported histologies. In this report we describe the β-radiation induction of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a histology previously undescribed with tumor induction protocols using ionizing radiation in an animal model. Radiation-induced RMS is often seen as a secondary tumor following therapeutic irradiation for retinoblastoma in children. In our experiment the backs of 50 CD-1 mice were irradiated 3 times weekly for 35 weeks using a 90Sr source. The initial dose was 5.5 Gy/application, which was later reduced to 3 Gy after 15 weeks due to severe skin reactions. In all, 27 skin and subcutaneous tumors were seen and collected. Of 12 sarcomas seen, 9 had a rhabdoid histology; cell lines from 3 such tumors as well as a squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) and a malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) were established. Immunohistochemical analysis of their parent tumors showed that the rhabdoid tumors expressed desmin, which established the diagnosis of RMS. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western analysis of insoluble protein extracts confirmed that the cell lines from RMS tumors expressed desmin. A screen for molecular alterations identified a mutant p53 phenotype for RMS and MFH cell lines. These radiation-induced RMS cell lines provide a unique opportunity to study the molecular biology of this tumor in an animal model and will help provide insight into the mechanisms of radiation-induced RMS in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004320050272
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The α6β1 and α6β4 integrins in human prostate cancer progression (1995)
    Springer
    Cancer and metastasis reviews 14 (1995), S. 219-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7233
    Keywords: prostatic neoplasia ; integrin ; neoplastic invasion ; laminin ; hemidesmosome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Prostatic secretions are formed by glands composed of basal and luminal cells and surrounded by a basal lamina. The normal basal cells express several integrins (extracellular matrix receptors) including alpha 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, v, beta 1 and beta 4. These integrin units are polarized at the base of the cells adjacent to the basal lamina. The integrin alpha 6 beta 4 is associated with hemidesmosomal-like structures. The natural history of prostate cancer involves the presence of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions (considered precursor lesions), carcinomain situ and invasive carcinoma. Hemidesmosomal proteins and the α3β1 and α6β1 integrins (laminin receptors) are retained in the early PIN lesions. Expression of the integrins α2, α4, α5, αv and β4 is lost in carcinoma. The α3β1 and α6β1 integrins remain associated with invasive carcinoma, the latter being predominant. Integrin expression in carcinoma is diffuse in the plasma membrane and not restricted to the basal aspects of the cell. The α6β1 integrin is fully functional as judged by an ability to adhere to laminin and contains the wild type α6A cytoplasmic signaling domain. The α6β1 integrin is a leading candidate for conferring the invasive phenotype in prostatic carcinoma. Tumor cells with high expression of α6 integrin are more invasive when tested in a SCID mouse model system. Following intraperitoneal injection, the human tumor cells invade the mouse diaphragm and move through the muscle on the surface of the laminin coated muscle cells. Our current working hypothesis is that the production of α6β1 and laminin in human tumor cells contributes to the invasive phenotype. Invasion could occur on the surfaces of laminin coated structures such as the nerves, blood vessels or muscle and account for the known patterns of human prostate tumor progression. Blockage of the expression or function of α6β1 or laminin or preventing the loss of β4 would be essential steps in confining the carcinoma to the prostate gland where conventional treatment has already proven effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690293
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intermediate filament expression in prostate cancer (1996)
    Springer
    Cancer and metastasis reviews 15 (1996), S. 473-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7233
    Keywords: prostate ; carcinoma ; intermediate filaments ; cytokeratin ; vimentin ; cytoskeleton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The human prostate is composed of a series of tubular-alveolar glands and their ducts surrounded by a fibromuscular stroma. The parenchymal glands secrete the seminal fluid and are anatomically arranged into the central, peripheral, and transitional zones. In this chapter the pattern of intermediate filament expression by the various epithelial components of the ducts, tubuloalveolar glands, and stroma are described. The changes which occur during malignant transformation from normal glands to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and subsequent invasive carcinoma are presented. The usefulness of cytokeratin markers in the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00054013
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A review of intermediate filament biology and their use in pathologic diagnosis (1994)
    Springer
    Molecular biology reports 19 (1994), S. 3-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4978
    Keywords: diagnostic pathology ; immunohistochemistry ; intermediate filament
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987318
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological study of the desert heteromyid kidney with emphasis on the genus perognathus (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 194 (1979), S. 461-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The renal morphology of three species of desert dwelling Perognathus rodents were compared to Dipodomys and two species of sympatric cricetid rodents. Perognathus has a highly adapted unipolar kidney capable of urine concentration up to 7,500 mOsm/KgH2O. Two major modifications were observed in these kidneys. (1) There is elongation of both the inner and outer medulla. When the thickness of the regions in P. penicillatus are factored by kidney weight it is found that the outer medulla is 3.8 and the inner medulla is 2.2 times greater in length than the extensively studied Dipodomys merriami. (2) There is great variance in glomerular size with approximately 20% of the glomeruli being very large and located in the juxta medullary region. These glomeruli are 1.5-1.6 times greater in diameter than the more numerous superficial glomeruli. These structural modifications are quantitated and the functional implications are discussed particularly in relation to urine concentrating ability in these desert inhabitants.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091940311
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New relationships between prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostatic carcinoma (1992)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 50 (1992), S. 26-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: lectins ; metalloproteinase ; PIN ; proliferative indices ; prostate carcinoma ; thymidine labeling ; tumor progression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Our group has been studying the progressive molecular changes in prostatic epithelium which precede the invasive phenotype. Initial studies revealed similar alterations in cytoskeletal proteins between high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions and invasive carcinoma. Specifically we observed an increased expression of certain cytokeratins and decreased expression of vimentin. We also noted a change in glycosylation as detected by Ulex europaeus staining. Using the latter technique we were able to microdissect and isolated nuclei from areas of low and high grade PIN lesions as well as from invasive carcinoma for morphometric analysis. Similarities in nuclear size, chromatin heterogeneity, and nuclear DNA content between low and high grade PIN and invasive carcinoma in carcinomatous specimens were noted. In contrast, these parameters were significantly different in low grade PIN lesions obtained from benign prostatic transurethral resection (TURP) specimens. In addition, DNA histograms revealed similar proliferative indices between high grade PIN and invasive carcinoma, which differed significantly from low grade PIN. Parameters thought to be relative to the invasive phenotype were also examined, such as the members of the metalloproteinase family; although normal luminal cells fail to express detectable levels of these enzymes, invasive carcinoma and even low grade PIN lesions express both the 72 kDa and 92 kDa type IV collagenase. Taken together, these data indicate that the dysplastic cells of PIN lesions and carcinomas are similar in nuclear and genomic features as well as protease expression. Our current working hypothesis is that these cells are already armed with the necessary proteases to invade the basal lamina but in an inactive form. Tumor progression requires an additional event of protease activation. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240501207
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the interstitium in the rabbit kidneyResearch partially supported by United States Public Health Service grants 15176, GM00100, and GM13543. (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 136 (1973), S. 183-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Kidneys from six male New Zealand white rabbits were fixed by perfusion, and the interstitium of all zones was studied by light and electron microscopy. The volume and amount of the basic components varied not only between cortex and medulla, but within each zone itself. Two main cell types were found in the cortical interstitium, the first appeared to be morphologically identical with a fibroblast, although it contained frequent surface depressions. The second cell type was of the mononuclear series, the most frequent of which was characterized by abundant free ribosomes and was frequently wrapped by processes of fibroblasts. Although collagenous fibrils, basement membrane-like material, and flocculent electron-dense material have previously been described in the interstitium of other animal species, this paper describes the presence and distribution of microfibrils approximately 150 Å in diameter with electron-lucent cores throughout the entire kidney interstitium and discusses the distribution of globular deposits which may represent glycosaminoglycans in the various zones of the kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001360206
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on prolonged spermatozoa survival in chiroptera: A morphological examination of storage and clearance of intrauterine and cauda epididymal spermatozoa in the bats Myotis lucifugus and M. velifer (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 165 (1982), S. 421-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cauda epididymidis, uterine corpus, and cornua and uterotubal junction of Myotis function to retain and preserve normal spermatozoa throughout hibernation. In none of the sites do spermatozoa show features that might account for their extended viability. Spermatozoa stored in the uterus and epididymis show no special orientation toward the epithelium lining these sites, whereas an intimate relationship is established between some sperm and the epithelial cells of the uterotubal junction which might either account for extended postcoital sperm survival or forecast their removal from further participation. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic observations do not disclose any morphological changes in stored luminal spermatozoa. A low rate of phagocytosis of sperm is evident in the female tract during hibernation. However, spermatozoa are evidently not vulnerable to being removed from the storage sites until spring arousal when ovulation occurs. Both uterotubal epithelial cells and phagocytes appear to be involved in the disposal of spermatozoa in the female, whereas epididymal spermatozoa apparently are primarily voided during urination. A mechanism that delays capacitation must underlie the ability of spermatozoa to survive in the female reproductive tract of the hibernating bat.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001650406
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of the thin limbs of henle in kidneys of the desert heteromyid (Perognathus penicillatus) (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 161 (1981), S. 33-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The thin limbs of both long- and short-looped nephrons in Perognathus kidneys were studied with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The superficial nephrons have a short thin limb located in the vascular bundles of the outer medulla and are characterized by a simple, low-lying epithelium (0.4 ± 0.1 μ thickness). In contrast, the first descending part of the thin limb of the majority of midcortical and juxtamedullary nephrons has a relatively thick epithelium (1.7 ± 0.6 μ in thickness) with marked lateral and basal interdigitation and a dense surface covering of microvilli. The remaining part of the long descending thin limb is relatively simple with a low-lying epithelium (0.6 ± 0.1 μ in thickness), decorated on its surface by sparse microplicae. The bend of the loop and the ascending limb are covered by a very simple low-lying epithelium (0.6 ± 0.2 μ in thickness) with relatively little surface modification. The extreme urine-concentrating ability of Perognathus does not appear to be due to the development of a unique thin loop epithelium but rather to the extensive length of the inner and outer medulla.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001610104
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