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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 3 (1976), S. 222-229 
    ISSN: 0302-4598
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 426 (1976), S. 245-257 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 47 (1991), S. 962-964 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Voltage-gated ionic channels ; Na, Ca, K channel proteins ; hydropathy profiles ; secondary structure ; sequence pattern of segment S4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A reevaluation of the secondary structure of Na, Ca and K channel proteins led to the following results. Only three segments (S1, S5 and S6) of each repeat are sufficiently hydrophobic to be predicted as transmembrane helices, if a window of 19 amino acids is used. Some of the S2 and S3 segments show higher hydrophobic values when calculated with the window of 9 amino acids and can be predicted as short helices. S4 segments are strongly hydrophilic and cannot be predicted as transmembrane helices. Some of the S2, S3 and S4 segments have an amphipathic character; however, these helices do not span a membrane. A model is proposed where 12 hydrophobic transmembrane helices surround 12 shorter helices, forming a hydrophilic pore. In addition, a unique pattern for S4 segments of voltage-gated channel proteins is defined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 38 (1977), S. 307-314 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Methylmethacrylate (MMA) ; Desheathed sciatic nerve ; Sucrose gap method ; Node of Ranvier ; Voltage clamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde der Einfluß von monomerem Methylmethacrylat (MMA) auf das Ruhe- und Summenaktionspotential des isolierten entscheideten N. ischiadicus des Frosches (Saccharose-Trennwand-Methode) untersucht. Oberhalb von 10 mM trat eine dosisabhängige Abnahme des Summenaktionspotentials und eine Hyperpolarisation der Membran auf, die mit zunehmender MMA-Konzentration anstieg (4.1 mV±0.2 S.E.M. nach 50 mM MMA). Die durch niedrige [Ca2+]0 oder Veratrin hervorgerufene Depolarisation ließ sich durch MMA rückgängig machen. Die homologen Äthyl-, Allyl- und n-Butylester waren wirksamer als MMA, der Isobutylester weniger wirkungsvoll, während Na-Methacrylat und Methacrylsäureamid keinen Einfluß zeigten. Voltage clamp Experimente am isolierten Ranvierschen Schnürring zeigten, daß 50 mM MMA zu einer Abnahme der Na+- und K+-Ströme führten.
    Notes: Abstract The influence of monomeric methylmethacrylate (MMA) on resting and compound action potential of the isolated desheathed sciatic nerve of the frog (sucrose gap method) was determined. Above 10 mM there was a dose-dependent decrease of the compound action potential and a hyperpolarization of the membrane which was augmented with increasing MMA concentrations (4.1 mV±0.2 S.E.M. after 50 mM MMA). The depolarization in low [Ca2+]0 solutions or with veratrine was reversed by MMA. The homologous ethyl, allyl and n-butyl esters were more effective than MMA, and the isobutyl ester less effective, whereas Na-methacrylate and methacrylamide showed no influence. Voltage clamp experiments on the node of Ranvier indicated that 50 mM MMA led to a decrease of the Na+ and K+ currents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 351 (1974), S. 207-229 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Ranvier Node ; Sodium Channels ; Surface Charges
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Voltage clamp experiments were performed on myelinated nerve fibres of Rana esculenta. The combined effects of increasing extracellular H+ concentration and lowering the Na+ concentration on sodium currents were studied. The presence of negative charges of two types at the external membrane surface could explain the observed shifts in theI Na-V curves and the reduction ofI Na induced by H+. Accordingly, from the data of shifts of the conductance voltage curves we calculate a density of −1e o/(20 Å)2 for unsepecific charges with an intrinsic pKa=4.3. From the reduction ofI Na induced by H+ we estimate a density of −1e o/Na channel for specific charges with an intrinsic pKa=4.5. Na+ ions would bind to these specific charges when passing through the sodium channels and Na+ transport would be blocked if these groups are protonated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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