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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cure of Helicobacter pylori infection by omeprazole-clarithromycin-based therapy in non-human primates (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of gastroenterology 33 (1998), S. 18-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: Key words:H. pylori ; treatment ; Rhesus monkeys ; gastritis ; immunoglobulins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Rhesus monkeys raised in colonies tend to become naturally infected by Helicobacter pylori early in life. Earlier attempts to cure H. pylori infection with a 10-day triple therapy (metronidazole, amoxicillin, and peptobismol) were only partially (60%) successful, probably because of preexisting metronidazole resistance. This study was carried out to determine the efficacy of an alternative clarithromycin-omeprazole-based therapy for curing H. pylori infection in Rhesus mon-keys (Macaca mulatta), and to examine histologic and serologic correlates of curing. Five monkeys were endoscoped under ketamine anesthesia. Histology and culture of gastric biopsies and serologic tests demonstrated that they were H. pylori-positive. Two animals had not received prior anti-H. pylori treatment, while three other animals had failed triple therapy and carried metronidazole-resistant H. pylori strains. Quadruple therapy with omeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and bismuth subsalicylate was given for 10 days to these five animals. All five animals were cured of the infection, and remained H. pylori-free, based on histology and culture at regular intervals for the 5 months post-therapy during which they were followed. Gastritis scores and anti-H. pylori IgG levels decreased in each animal during this period to levels characteristic of uninfected animals. These results indicate that an omeprazole-clarithromycin-based regimen can cure H. pylori infection in Rhesus monkeys, with resolution of abnormal histology and serologic responses. They suggest that this preclinical animal model is useful for testing new anti-H. pylori therapies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009961
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New PC-based program to calculate gastric secretion and emptying using a marker dilution technique (1992)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 37 (1992), S. 1302-1304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01296578
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of radiation and radioprotection on small intestinal function in canines (1995)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 40 (1995), S. 211-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: radiation ; intestinal absorption ; small intestine ; radioprotection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Radiation with doses 〉7.5 Gy damages the canine intestinal mucosa, and pretreatment with WR2721 reduces this damage. However, the effects of radiation and of WR2721 onin vivo intestinal transport are unclear. Therefore, we determined canine survival, intestinal transport, and mucosal histology following unilateral abdominal irradiation. Isoperistaltic ileostomies were prepared in 23 dogs under general anesthesia and aseptic conditions. After a three-week recovery period, animals were given either placebo or WR2721, 150 mg/kg intravenously, 30 min prior to 10 Gy cobalt-60 abdominal irradiation. Ileal transport and histology were determined in both groups before exposure and one, four, and seven days after irradiation. Seven-day survival was significantly improved by pretreatment with WR2721 (91% vs 33%,P〈0.02). On day 4, both mucosal integrity and net intestinal absorption were significantly better (P〈0.05) after WR2721 than after placebo. Thus, radiation-induced damage to the ileal mucosa is accompanied by a reduction in net ileal absorption of water and electrolytesin vivo. In addition, pretreatment with WR2721 improves animal survival while reducing ileal damage and improving intestinal absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02063968
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory effect of intragastric glucose on gastric acid secretion and gastric emptying of liquids in man (1983)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 28 (1983), S. 502-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intragastric glucose inhibits gastric acid secretion and gastric emptying in man. To determine if these effects are mediated by somatostatin—a known inhibitor of gastric acid production, gastrin secretion, and gastric motility—the plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) levels were determined in healthy human subjects after an intragastric load of 30% glucose solution. These findings were compared with results after an instillation of distilled water. Following the glucose load, the intragastric acid concentration, the acid output, and the fractional gastric emptying rate declined significantly (P〈0.01) before either the plasma glucose or plasma insulin levels had increased. Neither the gastrin nor SLI plasma concentrations changed after the water or glucose load. These findings suggest that the suppression of gastric acid secretion and inhibition of the rate of gastric emptying that occur with intragastric glucose are mediated by factors other than changes in the peripheral circulating levels of SLI, gastrin, insulin, or glucose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01308151
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro studies of intragastric digestion (1983)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 28 (1983), S. 737-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Following consumption of a meal, 99% of the large food particles are emptied only after intragastric fragmentation has reduced their diameter to less than 2 mm. Anin vitro model was constructed to evaluate some of the factors which may play a role in the process of intragastric digestion. Gastric mixing of food was simulated in a silicone rubber tube (ID 19 mm) placed in a peristaltic pump. Peristaltic waves progressed upwards along the tube at a frequency of 0, 1, or 3/min, reducing the internal diameter of the tube to 5 mm. Cooked chicken liver particles (2–2.8 mm in diameter) were placed in the tube with one of the following: (1) 150 mM NaCl, (2) 150 mM HCl with or without pepsin, or (3) phosphate buffer at pH 7, 5.4, or 2.6 + pepsin. After 30 min, the extent of particle reduction and of solubilization of proteins were determined and expressed as percent of the initial liver weight. The diameter of liver particles was reduced to a greater extent in NaCl than in pH 7 buffer or acid solutions with or without pepsin. In contrast, the amount of proteins solubilized was enhanced two- to threefold by acid pepsin solutions compared to NaCl or pH 7 phosphate. The presentin vitro studies suggest that changes in motor and/or secretory activity of the stomach significantly modify intragastric digestion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01312565
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postoperative gastric ileus (1973)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 18 (1973), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gastric emptying was measured in healthy, trained, unanesthetized dogs before and after surgical manipulation of the intestine and/or treatment with bretylium. Gastric content was found to decline exponentially with time. The pattern of emptying could be defined by the volume remaining in the stomach 10 minutes after the start of feeding and by the slope of the exponential decline in volume of the contents (the rate of gastric emptying). Laparotomy with intestinal manipulation induced gastric retention, but laparotomy alone (sham operation) did not change the rate of gastric emptying. Bretylium, an adrenergic blocking drug, suppressed the postoperative gastric ileus without significantly altering gastric emptying in control animals. Our observations support the classical assumption of a sympathetic hyperactivity during postoperative ileus and suggest that adrenergic blocking agents may be useful in the treatment of paralytic ileus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01072236
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of multiple-stress procedures on monkey gastroduodenal mucosa, serum gastrin, and hydrogen ion kinetics (1977)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 22 (1977), S. 888-897 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract By arranging a series of psychological contingencies (unpredictability, uncontrollability, conflict), coupled with delivery of a physical stimulus (electric shock), we produced gastroduodenal mucosal lesions in 7 of 8 rhesus monkeys. The most severe conflict paradigm most consistently produced lesions across subjects. Of the 30 lesions observed by endoscopy, 80% occurred near the anatomic junction of gastric body and antrum, in the antrum, or in the duodenum. Lesions varied in severity from discolorations of the mucosa to disruptions of mucosal integrity. Lesions in the stomach generally disappeared in several days despite the continuation of stress; some duodenal lesions were equally evanescent, but in 2 monkeys, lesions lasted over a week. Hydrogen ion kinetics were measured in 2 monkeys that developed gastric lesions and 2 that developed duodenal lesions. The rate at which hydrogen ion entered the duodenum was uniformly suppressed for all 4 monkeys during their first session of shock avoidance; during their last session, the gastric subgroup continued to show suppression while the duodenal subgroup returned towards control levels. Serum gastrin levels were unchanged by the multiple-stress procedures. Our finding of consistently producible, stress-induced gastroduodenal pathology in anatomic areas similar to those involved in man suggests that the subhuman primate is suitable for further efforts to produce an animal model of psychosomatic ulcer disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01076165
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of bethanechol on gastric functions in primary anorexia nervosa (1981)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 26 (1981), S. 598-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have shown previously that patients with primary anorexia nervosa (PAN) have decreased gastric emptying and acid output. The present studies were designed to explore the possibility that bethanechol, a parasympathomimetic agent, would acutely restore normal gastric function in those patients. We use a dye dilution technique to determine acid output and fractional emptying rate in 5 patients with PAN and 11 healthy controls during a basal period and following bethanechol (0.06 mg/kg, subcutaneously). Although bethanechol caused fractional emptying and acid output to increase threefold in PAN (P〈0.05), it failed to produce stimulation of gastric emptying and acid output to levels similar to those achieved in controls. Therefore, gastric emptying and acid output were less in PAN than in controls, both basally and after bethanechol. Since bethanechol failed to completely restore acute gastric function, the defect of emptying and acid output in PAN does not appear to be caused by a deficiency of parasympathetic neurotransmitter but, instead, could reflect undetermined inhibitory influences or impaired function of the muscular and glandular cells. Following weight gain, fractional emptying rate and acid output were still slightly less in PAN patients than in controls, but the difference was statistically significant only for basal acid output.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01367671
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer-aided analysis of human esophageal peristalsis (1984)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 29 (1984), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Manual and computer analysis of esophageal peristaltic activity induced by swallows of 5ml water were compared in 6 healthy subjects under basal conditions and following i.v. injection of 4 pharmacological agents: edrophonium (E, 0.08mg/kg), atropine (A, 0.6mg), pentagastrin (PG, 0.6mcg/kg), and glucagon (GL, lmcg). Esophageal manometry was performed using a low compliance perfusion system and recorded on paper for standard manual analysis. The signal was concurrently taped on an analog recorder for subsequent digitization and analysis on a PDP-11 computer using a locally developed program. With both methods we determined the wave amplitude, duration, average upward slope (dP/dT), and velocity of wave progression. In addition, the computer allowed calculation of area under each wave and maximum upward slope (Max dP/dT). We found no significant difference between results of the parameters measured using both methods. Wave amplitude was significantly increased by E and significantly decreased by A. Average upward slope was decreased and velocity was significantly increased only by A. Computer-calculated wave area and Max dP/dT were significantly changed by both E and A. PG and GL had no effect on any of the measured parameters of the peristaltic wave. Esophageal peristalsis can be analyzed using a computer-aided method, providing a rapid and objective measurement of classical parameters and access to more in-depth analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01296863
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric retention in peptic ulcer disease (1978)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 23 (1978), S. 993-997 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The saline load test is a popular method to demonstrate gastric retention. This technique, however, does not permit evaluation of volumes contributed by gastric secretion. We have studied 11 normal subjects and 7 patients with pyloric outlet obstruction using a dyedilution technique. We measured simultaneously rates of water secretion, fractional emptying rates, total intragastric volumes, and the fractions of gastric volume contributed by gastric secretion both during fasting and following a 250-ml water load. Total intragastric volume was significantly increased in patients with outlet obstruction compared to normal subjects both during fasting and following the water load (P〈0.01). This increase resulted from significantly increased water secretion (P〈0.01) combined with significantly decreased gastric emptying (P〈0.01). Thus, gastric retention produced in patients with outlet obstruction by delayed emptying appears to be magnified by gastric hypersecretion of water. These data in no way invalidate the use of the saline load test in the diagnosis of gastric retention states, but help define the role of gastric secretion in the residual volumes measured following the load.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01263098
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