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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of organomercury species in biological samples by liquid chromatography with differential pulse electrochemical detection (1978)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 50 (1978), S. 2108-2112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac50036a040
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advances in Biosensors, Volume 1 - A.P.F. Turner (editor) JAI Press Ltd, London, UK 1991, £54, ISBN 1-55938-240-6
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biosensors and Bioelectronics 7 (1992), S. 151-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0956-5663
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0956-5663(92)90021-E
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum: "The beam emission spectroscopy diagnostic on the DIII-D tokamak" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 913 (1999)] (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 2179-2179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149732
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    q-profile measurement in tokamaks using fueling pellets (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1623-1625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Fuel pellets ablating in a hot, magnetically confined plasma generate cold, self-luminous filaments which seem to orient themselves along the local magnetic field direction. This distinctive ablation pattern has been used for local measurements of the q profile. In the Texas Experimental Tokamak (TEXT), this technique was investigated experimentally, and the results were compared to other q-profile measurements to examine limits of applicability. It is found that the technique may be applied only to limited regions of the plasma. Although the mechanism which causes the filaments to align along the magnetic field lines is not completely understood, comparisons between this technique and other techniques tend to support its use. Inclination angle profiles for the local magnetic field and q profiles obtained on TEXT by this technique are presented. The q profiles are compared with predictions based on various resistivity models, specifically classical, neoclassical, and q-clamped.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140166
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convergence, electrostatic potential, and density measurements in a spherically convergent ion focus (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 4-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Unique measurements of the basic plasma-flow characteristics in a low pressure (≤53 mPa H2) spherically convergent ion focus are obtained using high-voltage (≤5 kV) emissive and double probes. The radial plasma potential distribution agrees with a collisionless, recirculating, space-charge-limited current model. Flow convergence increases with voltage and neutral pressure and decreases with cathode grid wire spacing and current. Core radii within 4–5 times the ideal geometric limit are measured, and the observed core sizes are consistent with predictions from a multipass orbit model which includes asymmetries in the accelerating potential well. A virtual anode is observed in the converged core region, and no evidence for multiple potential well structures in the core is found. Measurements of the core ion density (nic∼1015 m−3) are consistent with simple flow convergence models. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872110
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rotational and magnetic shear stabilization of magnetohydrodynamic modes and turbulence in DIII-D high performance discharges (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 1951-1958 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The confinement and the stability properties of the DIII-D tokamak [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 159] high-performance discharges are evaluated in terms of rotational and magnetic shear, with an emphasis on the recent experimental results obtained from the negative central magnetic shear (NCS) experiments. In NCS discharges, a core transport barrier is often observed to form inside the NCS region accompanied by a reduction in core fluctuation amplitudes. Increasing negative magnetic shear contributes to the formation of this core transport barrier, but by itself is not sufficient to fully stabilize the toroidal drift mode (trapped-electron-ηi mode) to explain this formation. Comparison of the Doppler shift shear rate to the growth rate of the ηi mode suggests that the large core E×B flow shear can stabilize this mode and broaden the region of reduced core transport. Ideal and resistive stability analysis indicates the performance of NCS discharges with strongly peaked pressure profiles is limited by the resistive interchange mode to low βN≤2.3. This mode is insensitive to the details of the rotational and the magnetic shear profiles. A new class of discharges, which has a broad region of weak or slightly negative magnetic shear (WNS), is described. The WNS discharges have broader pressure profiles and higher β values than the NCS discharges, together with high confinement and high fusion reactivity. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871991
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technique for the experimental estimation of nonlinear energy transfer in fully developed turbulence (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 3998-4009 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new procedure for calculating the nonlinear energy transfer and linear growth/damping rate of fully developed turbulence is derived. It avoids the unphysically large damping rates typically obtained using the predecessor method of Ritz [Ch. P. Ritz, E. J. Powers, and R. D. Bengtson, Phys. Fluids B 1, 153 (1989)]. It enforces stationarity of the turbulence to reduce the effects of noise and fluctuations not described by the basic governing equation, and includes the fourth-order moment to avoid the closure approximation. The new procedure has been implemented and tested on simulated, fully developed two-dimensional (2-D) turbulence data from a 2-D trapped-particle fluid code, and has been shown to give excellent reconstructions of the input growth rate and nonlinear coupling coefficients with good noise rejection. However, in the experimentally important case where only a one-dimensional (1-D) averaged representation of the underlying 2-D turbulence is available, this technique does not, in general, give acceptable results. A new 1-D algorithm has thus been developed for analysis of 1-D measurements of intrinsically 2-D turbulence. This new 1-D algorithm includes the nonresonant wave numbers in calculating the bispectra, and generally gives useful results when the width of the radial wave number spectrum is comparable to or less than that of the poloidal spectrum. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871572
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alfvén ion–ion hybrid wave heating in the Phaedrus-T tokamak (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 1331-1339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the Phaedrus-T tokamak [R. A. Breun et al., Fusion Technol. 19, 1327 (1991)], Alfvén waves are indirectly driven by a fast wave antenna array. Small fractions of minority ions are shown to have a large effect on the Alfvén spectrum, as measured at the edge. An ion–ion hybrid Alfvén mode has been identified by measuring dispersion properties. Landau damping is predicted to be large and spatially localized. These Alfvénic waves are experimentally shown to generate correlated electron heating and changes in density near the core of the tokamak plasma. Fast wave antenna fields can mode convert at a hybrid Alfvén resonance and provide a promising route to spatially localized tokamak heating and current drive, even for low effective ionic charge Zeff≈1.3–2. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871786
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of the radial structure and poloidal spectra of toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 3707-3712 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (TAE) have been excited by tangential neutral beam injection in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1990, Washington, D.C. (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1990), Vol. I, p. 9]. Beam emission spectroscopy (BES) has been used to study the radial structure and the poloidal power spectra of these modes. Radial profiles show a global, standing wave structure with a node near r/a=0.6 and a maximum displacement of about 5–10 mm. The cross-phase profiles and the power spectra both imply that the mode is composed of a mixture of components with various poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, as expected for the TAE. Measurements of the poloidal mode spectrum via BES show good agreement with theoretical simulations performed by a nonvariational, kinetic magnetohydrodynamics stability code (nova−k [Cheng, Phys. Rep. 211, 1 (1992)]). In particular, the dominant harmonics in the poloidal spectrum obey the expected relation m+1/2≈q(r)n.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860326
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of long-wavelength density fluctuations in TFTR (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 2922-2928 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Several experiments have been devised to measure plasma fluctuations in an effort to help elucidate a possible connection between plasma microturbulence and anomalous transport. Results from microwave scattering on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Nucl. Fusion 18, 1089 (1978)] show that the level of plasma fluctuations increases toward the long-wavelength region (k⊥ρs≤0.2), at which point the fluctuations cannot be spatially resolved. The desire to measure long-wavelength fluctuations has motivated the development of two fluctuation diagnostics, beam emission spectroscopy (BES), and microwave reflectometry on TFTR. BES measures long-wavelength density fluctuations (k⊥≤2 cm−1) by observing the fluorescence emitted from collisionally excited atoms in a TFTR heating beam. In L-mode discharges with relatively flat density profiles, the fluctuations measured with BES are concentrated in the low-frequency region (≤30 kHz). In the laboratory frame, the fluctuations have a poloidal propagation velocity that is approximately equal to that of the plasma rotation, and the frequency spectra are broadened by Doppler effects. Measured fluctuation levels are 5%–10% at the edge of the plasma. In the core, the level falls to less than 1%, which is comparable to observations made with microwave reflectometry and scattering. The fluctuation level in the core (r/a=0.7) is seen to increase with injected beam power, as is observed with microwave scattering at shorter wavelengths (k⊥≈2–10 cm−1). In contrast, the fluctuation level in the edge region does not change significantly with neutral beam power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860165
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