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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL): a morphological study of a German family (1996)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 92 (1996), S. 341-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) ; Hereditary multi-infarct dementia ; Skin biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is characterized clinically by recurrent cerebral infarcts, subcortical dementia and pseudobulbar palsy, and morphologically by a granular degeneration of cerebral and, to a lesser degree, extracerebral blood vessels. We present morphological findings in a further German family affected by CADASIL. The index case showed the typical periodic acid-Schiff-positive granular degeneration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in cerebral vessels, which did not react with antibodies against various immunoglobulins or complement factors. Ultrastructurally, granular osmiophilic material (GOM) covered the VSMC in different cerebral regions as well as in extracerebral organs (muscle, nerve, skin, small and large intestine, liver, kidney and heart). Skin biopsy samples from other family members of the last two generations also revealed GOM irrespective of the clinical symptomatology (CADASIL, migraine only or asymptomatic). Patients in the third generation had higher amounts of GOM in skin vessels than did asymptomatic or migraine patients in the fourth generation. We conclude that skin biopsy is a useful and less-invasive screening method for the differential diagnosis of CADASIL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050528
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prilocaine elimination by isolated perfused rat lung and liver (1994)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 351 (1994), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Prilocaine ; Local anaesthetics ; Liver Lung ; Perfusion ; Elimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prilocaine is assumed to undergo significant elimination by extrahepatic organs and to differ in this respect from other commonly used local anaesthetics. In order to clarify whether the lung may play an important role as a site of elimination of prilocaine, the kinetic parameters were studied in isolated perfused rat lungs and were compared to those of isolated livers. Furthermore, the structurally related compounds bupivacaine and mepivacaine were also investigated in this system. Prilocaine was dispersed into a relatively large apparent distribution volume in perfused rat lung (139 ml versus 97 ml in controls). In single-pass perfused lungs the observed maximum of concentration was decreased by about 60% compared to controls. The mean residence time was prolonged by about 40%. These observations suggest that prilocaine is substantially retained by rat lung and that this effect occurs particularly during first-pass. However, the ability of rat lung to degrade prilocaine was relatively low. The clearance values were about 0.3 ml/min equal to about 20% of the hepatic capacity calculated per g of tissue. Thus it must be assumed that prilocaine is only transiently retained by the lung and will gain systemic availability later on. In rat lungs the kinetics of prilocaine elimination were not substantially different from those of bupivacaine and mepivacaine (16 and 12%). These observations do not support the assumption that especially prilocaine undergoes extrahepatic elimination. For low (2 μg/ml) and intermediate (10 μg/ml) drug concentrations isolated rat liver exhibited clearance values close to the perfusion flow rate. Accordingly, prilocaine was removed from the perfusion medium of isolated livers already during first-pass. At very high concentrations of 100 μg/ml, the clearance dropped to about half of the control values. Thus under these conditions approximately half of the dose escaped first-pass extraction which is probably caused by saturated metabolic clearance. Such an effect was not observed for bupivacaine and mepivacaine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169069
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prilocaine elimination by isolated perfused rat lung and liver (1995)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 351 (1995), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Prilocaine ; Local anaesthetics ; Liver Lung ; Perfusion ; Elimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prilocaine is assumed to undergo significant elimination by extrahepatic organs and to differ in this respect from other commonly used local anaesthetics. In order to clarify whether the lung may play an important role as a site of elimination of prilocaine, the kinetic parameters were studied in isolated perfused rat lungs and were compared to those of isolated livers. Furthermore, the structurally related compounds bupivacaine and mepivacaine were also investigated in this system. Prilocaine was dispersed into a relatively large apparent distribution volume in perfused rat lung (139 ml versus 97 ml in controls). In single-pass perfused lungs the observed maximum of concentration was decreased by about 60% compared to controls. The mean residence time was prolonged by about 40%. These observations suggest that prilocaine is substantially retained by rat lung and that this effect occurs particularly during first-pass. However, the ability of rat lung to degrade prilocaine was relatively low. The clearance values were about 0.3 ml/min equal to about 20% of the hepatic capacity calculated per g of tissue. Thus it must be assumed that prilocaine is only transiently retained by the lung and will gain systemic availability later on. In rat lungs the kinetics of prilocaine elimination were not substantially different from those of bupivacaine and mepivacaine (16 and 12%). These observations do not support the assumption that especially prilocaine undergoes extrahepatic elimination. For low (2 μg/ml) and intermediate (10 μg/ml) drug concentrations isolated rat liver exhibited clearance values close to the perfusion flow rate. Accordingly, prilocaine was removed from the perfusion medium of isolated livers already during first-pass. At very high concentrations of 100 μg/ml, the clearance dropped to about half of the control values. Thus under these conditions approximately half of the dose escaped first-pass extraction which is probably caused by saturated metabolic clearance. Such an effect was not observed for bupivacaine and mepivacaine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169069
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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