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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Who cares about pharmacovigilance? (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 53 (1997), S. 83-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Pharmacovigilance ; Drug safety
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050342
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting the kinetics of two benzothiazine non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines, piroxicam and isoxicam (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 689-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: isoxicam ; piroxicam ; pharmacokinetics ; elderly ; anti-inflammatory drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of isoxicam and piroxicam were compared in 12 young adults (〈40 years) and 12 elderly subjects (〉65 years). After a single oral dose of 200 mg isoxicam or 20 mg piroxicam blood samples were taken for 168 h and the plasma drug concentrations determined by HPLC. The elimination half life of piroxicam for the adults was 57.1±16.4 h (mean ± SD; harmonic mean 52.9 h) and for the elderly subjects was 57.8±22.1 h (harmonic mean 52.1 h). The corresponding values after isoxicam were 34.3±13.6 h (harmonic mean 31.6) for the adults and 39.1±22.7 h (harmonic mean 33.5) for the elderly subjects. Similarly no differences were noted in either the AUC0-∞ after piroxicam (adults 154.1±52.2 µg·h/ml, elderly 163.6±99.1 µg·h/ml) and isoxicam (adults 642.7±241.9 µg·h/ml, elderly 787.9±613.1 µg·h/ml) or the apparent oral clearance of piroxicam (adults 2.39±0.80 ml/min, elderly 2.51±0.90 ml/min) and isoxicam (adults 5.84±2.04 ml/min, elderly 5.59±2.12 ml/min). One adult and two elderly subjects exhibited slower elimination of both medicines than the remainder of each group. However determination of the oxidation phenotype using sparteine metabolism showed that this was not a likely determinant of the reduced clearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607917
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma timolol levels after oral and intravenous administration (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 431-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Timolol ; pharmacokinetics ; oral and intravenous dosing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma kinetics of timolol administered orally and intravenously to 5 male subjects were examined. Bioavailability was reduced by 25% when the drug was taken orally. Mean plasma half-life after oral dosing was 4.86 h, and after intravenous administration it was 4.56 h; the difference was not significant. The volume of distribution was 3.5 l/k. It is suggested that timolol is little affected by the ‘first pass effect’, even though there is marked interindividual variation in availability and peak plasma level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00716385
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The in vitro stability of doxifluridine in whole blood and plasma (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 533-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: doxifluridine ; colorectal carcinoma ; 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine ; pharmacokinetics ; blood stability ; blood clearance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01046718
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear pharmacokinetic characteristics of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colorectal cancer patients (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 411-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: 5-fluorouracil ; colorectal carcinoma ; pharmacokinetics ; product-inhibition ; blood clearance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nonlinear disposition kinetics of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were investigated in 6 patients with colorectal carcinoma. Each patient randomly received two single, intravenous doses of 5-FU (7.5 and 15 mg/kg) on separate days. Venous blood and urine samples were collected just prior to and for 5 h after drug administration. In addition to the kinetic studies, the in vitro whole blood/plasma concentration ratio and stability of 5-FU at 37°C were determined in whole blood from normal volunteers and from 5 patients with colorectal carcinoma. A disproportionate increase in area under the curve and corresponding decrease in total body clearance with increasing dose was observed suggesting dose-dependent behavior of 5-FU. Doubling the dose was accompanied by a 36% decrease in nonrenal clearance but no apparent change in renal clearance. Therefore, the mechanism for dose-dependent elimination appears to be primarily associated with nonrenal processes. The mean 5-FU half-life following the high dose was nearly twice as long as that observed for the low dose (12.3 versus 6.2 min). The log-linear decline in plasma concentrations and increase in half-life with dose suggest the potential role of product-inhibition as an explanation for the observed nonlinearity in 5-FU elimination. The present study demonstrates that 5-FU degrades when incubated in whole blood. This most likely reflects metabolism in red blood cells or other blood-formed elements since 5-FU was stable in plasma. Although degradation in whole blood occurs, the estimated whole blood clearance does not contribute significantly to the observed total body clearance value. These findings suggest the possibility of pulmonary clearance of 5-FU.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543978
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of pirmenol in young and elderly subjects (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 437-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Pirmenol ; pharmacokinetics ; elderly subjects ; age effect ; adverse effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The steady state pharmacokinetics of pirmenol was compared in twelve healthy young (aged 18 to 45 y) and 11 elderly subjects (over 65 y) subjects given pirmenol HCl 100 mg every 12 h for a total of 14 doses. In addition, the single-dose pharmacokinetics of pirmenol was determined following a 100 mg oral dose in the young subject group for comparison with the results of repeated administration. In the young subjects, the mean single-dose and steady-state CLR of pirmenol were similar; however, Ae was 29 % higher and CL/f was 22 % lower at steady state than after the single dose. Steady-state (fourteenth dose) Cmin, Cmax, tmax, λz, Ae, CL/f, CLR and V values were similar in the young and elderly subjects. Based on pharmacokinetic considerations, the dosage of pirmenol is unlikely to differ in young and elderly subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220624
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Once-daily dosing of timolol in hypertension: A controlled study (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 239-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: timolol ; hypertension ; dose ranging ; double-blind trial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nine previously untreated patients with mild-moderate hypertension were included in a dose-ranging double-blind trial to determine the effectiveness of daily versus thrice daily timolol administration. In 8 patients control of blood pressure was equally effective though with significantly lower heart rate achieved in the once daily group. One patient was not satisfactorily controlled on the daily regimen demonstrating that many but not all hypertensives can be controlled with daily administration of timolol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00625796
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics of doxifluridine and 5-fluorouracil after single intravenous infusions of doxifluridine to patients with colorectal cancer (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 439-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: doxifluridine ; colorectal carcinoma ; 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine ; 5-fluorouracil ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The disposition kinetics of a new 5-fluorouracil prodrug, 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5′dFUR, doxifluridine), were investigated in six patients with colorectal carcinoma. Each patient randomly received two single intravenous doses of 5′dFUR (2 and 4 g · m−2) on separate days. Plasma concentrations of 5′dFUR fell rapidly with terminal half-lives ranging from 16.1 to 27.7 min. A disproportionate increase in the area under the curve with increasing dose was seen in most patients. Doubling the dose resulted in a 40% decrease in nonrenal clearance (0.60 to 0.37 l · min−1) but no apparent change in renal clearance (0.32 to 0.29 l · min−1) or steady-state apparent volume of distribution (19.8 to 20.4 l). The mechanism for dose-dependence of 5′dFUR appears to be primarily due to nonlinear elimination associated with nonrenal processes rather than nonlinear plasma protein or tissue binding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01046699
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of enoxacin (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 101-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: enoxacin ; quinolone ; pharmacokinetics ; anti-bacterial ; elderly
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the pharmacokinetics of enoxacin in two groups of subjects, 10 young (18–45 years) and 10 elderly adults (〉65 years) after a single oral dose of enoxacin (600 mg). Enoxacin was absorbed rapidly, peak plasma concentrations being reached within two hours in both groups. However, the peak plasma concentration of enoxacin was significantly higher in the elderly than in the young adults. The area under the concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity was also significantly greater in the elderly compared with the young subjects, and the apparent renal clearance was significantly less in the elderly than in the young adults. Consequently, the urinary elimination of unchanged enoxacin was significantly reduced in the elderly. The apparent volume of distribution in the elderly was significantly less than in the young adults. The elimination half-time of enoxacin was similar in the two groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00610390
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced elimination of piroxicam by administration of activated charcoal or cholestyramine (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 39 (1990), S. 599-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: piroxicam ; charcoal ; cholestyramine ; enhanced elimination ; young and elderly subjects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study has compared the effect of repeated administration of charcoal and cholestyramine on the elimination of piroxicam. Eight young adults were given piroxicam as a single dose of 20 mg, on 3 separate occasions. On one of the occasions charcoal was also given. On another occasion cholestyramine was also administered. The mean elimination half-life after piroxicam alone was 53.1 h. This was reduced to 40.0 h by charcoal administration and to 29.6 h after administration of cholestyramine. In the second phase of the study 7 elderly subjects received piroxicam 20 mg for 14 days on two occasions. Cholestyramine administration at the end of one of the periods reduced the mean elimination half-life of piroxicam from 52.3 h to 27.3 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316105
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