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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical and contractile properties of soleus muscle trained during development (1986)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 407 (1986), S. 166-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Fibre types ; Contractile properties ; Endurance training ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of endurance training on the histochemical and contractile properties of developing rat soleus was studied. Five 18 day old Long Evans rats were trained twice a day for 28 days (E group); workloads were increased to 30 m/min (15% grade) for 40 min/bout. Contraction time (T c), twitch tension (P t), half relaxation time (t 1/2R), tetanic tension (P o), maximal rate of rise in tension (t50%P o) and fatigue index (FI, % decline in force after 15 s tetanic stimulation) were measured and compared to a control (C) group. The contralateral soleus was excised, rapidly forzen and histochemical (myosin ATPase pH 9.4 and 4.3) and histological sections prepared for analysis of fibre type, number and area. Similar fibre types (X=70 and 71% ST), fibre numbers (X=2115 and 2242) and areas of ST (X=2000 and 2320 μm2) and FT fibres (X=1476 and 1628 μm2) were found in C and E groups respectively.P o (p〈0.05) was greater andt50%P o (p〈0.01) was significantly faster in E. Pathological changes were found in about 1% of fibres in each trained muscle, but not in controls. Histochemical differentiation of fibre types was unaffected and contractile properties only minimally by training during early development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00580670
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscle ultrastructural characteristics of elite powerlifters and bodybuilders (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 48 (1982), S. 117-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Hypertrophy ; Bodybuilders ; Fast and slow twitch fibres ; Ultrastructure ; Skeletal muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Muscle ultrastructure of a group of subjects possessing extreme hypertrophy was compared with that of a control group which had undergone 6 months of heavy resistance training. Two needle biopsies were taken from triceps brachii of two international calibre powerlifters and five elite bodybuilders. In addition, samples were taken from five healthy volunteers before and after 6 months of training of the elbow extensors. One biopsy was prepared for electron microscopy and analyzed stereologically, and the other was stained for myosin ATPase activity and photographed under the light microscope. Despite large differences in elbow extension strength and arm girth there was no significant difference in fibre areas or percentages of fibre types between the elite group and the trained controls. This suggests that the elite group possessed a greater total number of muscle fibres than the controls did. Mitochondrial volume density of the elite group was similar to that of the control group following training but significantly less (p〈0.05) than the pretraining control measurements. Myofibrillar volume density was significantly lower and cytoplasmic volume density significantly higher in the elite group than in the trained controls. There was a considerably higher incidence of structural abnormalities including central nuclei and atrophied fibres in the elite group than in the control group, which might possibly have been associated with the use of anabolic steroids by the elite group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421171
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of strength training and immobilization on human muscle fibres (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 43 (1980), S. 25-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Fast and slow twitch fibres ; Weight training ; Hypertrophy ; Immobilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seven healthy male subjects were studied under control conditions and following 5–6 months of heavy resistance training and 5–6 weeks of immobilization in elbow casts. Cross-sectional fibre areas and nuclei-to-fibre ratios were calculated from cryostat sections of needle biopsies taken from triceps brachii. Training resulted in a 98% increase in maximal elbow extension strength as measured by a Cybex dynamometer, while immobilization resulted in a 41% decrease in strength. Both fast twitch (FT) and slow twitch (ST) fibre areas increased significantly with training by 39% and 31%, respectively. Immobilization resulted in significant decreases in fibre area by 33% for FT and 25% for ST fibres. The observed nuclei-to-fibre ratio was 10% greater following the training programme. However, this change was non-significant. There was also a nonsignificant correlation between the magnitude of the changes in fibre size and the changes in maximal strength following either training or immobilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421352
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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