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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 47-48 (July 1995), p. 143-152 
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 234-242 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A machine is described which allows bicrystals of metals and ceramics to be made by pressure bonding at temperatures up to 1500 °C in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). The mutual orientation of the two component crystals can be adjusted to within 0.1°. The surfaces to be bonded can be sputter cleaned with Ar ions while monitoring by Auger electron spectroscopy, and dopants can be applied by evaporation in a separate chamber. The machine allows the production of bicrystals with interfaces of precisely defined crystallography and chemistry. The specimen size is sufficient for fracture mechanical characterization of interface strength. The performance of the machine is illustrated with data for niobium-sapphire bicrystals. The machine has been shown to produce bicrystal interfaces whose purity is not measurably impaired by atmospheric contaminants. Fracture resistant levels of Nb-Al2O3 interfaces bonded at 1700 °C in ordinary high vacuum are reached in the UHV machine already at 1000 °C. Going to temperatures around 1450 °C raises the fracture resistance to more than twice the level obtained in ordinary high vacuum at 1700 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The interface between mandibular bone and dental implants was examined with the in vivo dog model. Implant/bone interfaces were investigated for three types of materials: Ti–30 wt% Ta/Al2O3, titanium and Al2O3 using microscopy techniques covering a large magnification range: scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and Auger spectroscopy. During the interaction of the Al2O3 ceramic with bone, an interfacial layer about 15 μm thick is formed. The same phenomenon was observed at the titanium bone interface, where the thickness of the layer was about 10 μm. In all cases, interface layers were sharp with well-defined borders between bone tissue and implant materials. No calcification took place inside the interface layer. A chemical analysis performed on this layer shows the presence of titanium, calcium and phosphorus in the case of titanium implants, and aluminium, calcium and phosphorus in the case of alumina implants. A rapid decrease in metal composition with increasing distances from the implant surface is correlated to a slow increase in calcium and phosphorus in the direction of the bone. Direct contact between implant and bone was observed. No biocorrosive effects were detected at the Ti–30 wt% Ta/Al2O3 metal–ceramic interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 29 (1994), S. 1441-1448 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Residual stresses play a prominent role in the fracture process of bimaterials and therefore knowing these stresses prior to failure is important for understanding the mechanical behaviour of bimaterials. A critical assessment has been made of three methods for determining the residual stresses. These methods are: stress optical measurement, indentation method, and finite element method. With stress optical measurements the difference in the principal normal stresses, Δσ, can be determined. In the centre region adjacent to the interface, the measured stress values are in agreement with results from a simple analytical formula for the normal residual stresses parallel to the interface. Surface stresses at arbitrary locations can be obtained by the usual indentation technique. At the surface, stresses perpendicular to the interface are dominant and have the opposite sign to the stresses parallel to the interface. When there is no mechanical mismatch between the components the magnitude of the residual stresses can be estimated with the above-mentioned formula. Two-dimensional plane strain finite element calculations are in good agreement with the stress optical measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1980), S. 188-196 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A study is reported of the fracture mechanics of metal-to-ceramic laminates (Al2O3/Nb, Si3N4/Zr) produced by solid-state bonding. The bond quality of notched bend and tension specimens is described in terms of a stress intensity factor K ICV, which is evaluated in the same way as for isotropic material. K ICV is measured as functions of the microstructure of the constituents, the metal layer thickness, the environmental conditions and the test temperature. At very high test temperatures where plastic flow occurs, the J-integral was used for bond quality characterization. For the linear elastic case, the J-value is compared with the stress intensity concept K ICV. In contrast to the behaviour of a bulk ceramic material, the J-value increases with increasing test temperature if a thick metal layer (3 mm) is used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 35 (2000), S. 1087-1096 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Compression tests were carried out on UHV diffusion bonded single crystalline sapphire/Nb/sapphire joints to investigate their mechanical properties, the mechanisms that lead to the failure of the joints and the dislocation-interface interaction. The tests were performed for different orientation relationships (OR) at the interface to study the influence of different bond strength on the mechanical behavior. Additionally, the metal layer thickness was varied for each OR to alter the influence of the interface. The experimental results showed, that with decreasing metal layer thickness the stress needed to form a crack increases drastically, whereas for the Nb/sapphire system the bond strength at the interface seems to have no significant influence on the mechanical behavior of the joint. A theoretical model will be presented that explains the experimentally observed relationship between metal layer thickness and crack stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Mechanical Compatibility of Composite Components. The mechanical interactions between the components of a composite material are governed by the elastic constants, the strength and the plastic deformation behavior of the components. They can be furthermore influenced by the coefficients of thermal expansion and by the bond strength between the components. The extent of mechanical compatibility depends on the structure of the composite material and on its processing technique and practical application. This paper gives an introduction to a series of papers on the mechanical compatibility presented in a workshop meeting at Konstanz.
    Notes: Die Mechanische Verträglichkeit bewertet das Verhalten von Materialkomponenten in einem Verbundsystem. Die mechanischen Wechselwirkungen bei Verbundwerkstoffen werden einerseits durch die elastischen Konstanten, die Festigkeit und das plastische Formänderungsvermögen der einzelnen Komponenten bestimmt und andererseits durch Unterschiede in den thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten und durch die Haftfestigkeit zwischen den Komponenten festgelegt. Bei der Beurteilung der mechanischen Verträglichkeit spielt die Art des Verbundwerkstoffs und der äußeren Beanspruchung eine wesentliche Rolle. Diese Arbeit gibt eine Einführung in die Probleme der mechanischen Verträglichkeit, die in einem Workshop der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Metallkunde in den Themenkreisen Grundlagen, Meßmethoden und Beeinflussung des Werkstoffverhaltens ausführlich behandelt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 16 (1985), S. 75-80 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bond Strength Determination of Metal-to-Ceramic Joints by a Bend Test Method-Part 1The bond strength of metal-to-ceramic joints can be described by fracture mechanics parameters. Sandwich-like layered bend test specimens are notched at a metal-ceramic interface which is located in the middle of the test bar and perpendicular to its length dimensions. During bend testing of the joints generally a linear relationship between load and deflection is observed. From the fracture load, the geometry of the specimens, and by means of so-called correction functions the fracture energy and the fracture resistance of the interface are determined. The correction functions depend on the notch depth, the thicknesses of layers, the distance between notch and interface, and the elastic properties of the bonded materials, and can be calculated by use of the finite element method. Correction functions of material joints are compared with the correction functions for homogeneous isotropic materials and bimaterials. An approximation method for the determination of correction functions is presented. Examples of bond strength measurements demonstrate the necessity of correction functions.
    Notes: Die Haftfestigkeit von Keramik-Metall-Verbindungen läßt sich mit Hilfe von bruchmechanischen Kenngrößen beschreiben. Zu ihrer Bestimmung bieten sich Schichtverbundbiegeproben mit einem Kerb im Materialübergangsbereich an, deren quasi-sprödes Bruchverhalten die Anwendung der linear-elastischen bruchmechanischen Prüftechnik ermöglicht. Die Auswertung des Biegeversuchs liefert als Haftfestigkeitsmaß Werte der kritischen Energiefreisetzungsrate und des kritischen Spannungsintensitätsfaktors, die Grenzflächenbruchenergie GC und Grenzflächenbruchwiderstand KC genannt werden. Die zur Ermittlung der Haftfestigkeitsparameter erforderlichen Korrekturfunktionen hängen von geometrischen Faktoren wie der Kerbtiefe, der Schichtdicke und dem Abstand des Kerbs zur Grenzfläche ab und werden von den elastischen Eigenschaften der am Verbund beteiligten Werkstoffen bestimmt. Die Abhängigkeit der Korrekturfunktionen wird allgemein dargestellt. Für einige Materialkombinationen wird sie durch Nachgiebigkeitsmessungen und Berechnungen mit Hilfe der Methode der finiten Elemente explizit bestimmt. Es wird ferner eine Näherungsmethode zur Ermittlung der Korrekturfunktion für beliebige Materialpaarungen vorgestellt. Haftfestigkeitsmessungen an Glas-Epoxid-Modell-Verbindungen und festkörperverschweißten Keramik-Metall-Verbindungen bestätigen die Notwendigkeit der Korrekturfunktionen zur Bestimmung der Grenzflächenbruchenergie und des Grenzflächenbruchwiderstandes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 61-69 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Laminated Composites of Refractory Metals and Oxides. Laminated composites of the metals Nb, Nb-1 Zr and Ta and of the oxides Al2O3 and ZrO2 are manufactured by high vacuum solid state bonding at temperatures above 1400 °C without a formation of intermediate layers. Bulk molybdenum and alumina are joined together by means of a niobium layer. The combinations investigated are of technical importance for the development of high temperature composites and refractory joints between metals and ceramics. The microstructure, the intrinsic chemical compatibility and other properties of the composite samples are described. Moreover, a method based on fracture mechanics is described which characterizes the bond strength between metals and ceramics by means of KIc-factors.
    Notes: Durch Hochvakuumverschweißung bei Temperaturen oberhalb 1400 °C werden Schichtverbundproben aus den Metallen Nb, Nb-1 Zr und Ta und aus den Oxiden Al2O3 und ZrO2 ohne Bildung von zusätzlichen Zwischenschichten hergestellt. Mo und Al2O3 werden über eine Nb-Schicht miteinander vereinigt. Die untersuchten Schichtverbundkombinationen sind von technischer Bedeutung für die Entwicklung von Verbundwerkstoffen und von hochtemperaturbeständigen Verbindungen zwischen metallischen und keramischen Materialien. Es wird über ihr Gefüge, ihre Eigenschaften und die chemische Verträglichkeit des Verbunds berichtet. Darüber hinaus wird eine bruchmechanische Methode beschrieben, mit der die Festigkeit des Verbunds über KIc-Faktoren charakterisiert werden kann.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 371-377 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bruchenergiemessungen an keramischen WärmedämmschichtenDie Bruchenergie von plasmagespritzten Wärmedämmschichten aus ZrO2 · MgO, ZrO2 · Y2O3, ZrO3 · CaO · Al2O3 und Al2O3 · TiO2 auf Metallsubstraten wurde sowohl für einen Adhäsionsbruch als auch für einen Kohäsionsbruch der Deckschichten mit Hilfe gekerbter Schichtverbundbiegeproben ermittelt. Die verallgemeinerte Energiefreisetzungsrate wurde als Maß für die Bruchenergie benutzt. Sie berücksichtigt die in der Kraft-Durchbiegungskurve der Proben auftretende Nichtlinearität. Das Versagen der Proben innerhalb der Deckschicht oder in der Grenzfläche wird von der Bildung und Vereinigung von sekundären Rissen in der Deckschicht begleitet. Diese Vorgänge verursachen das nichtlineare Verformungsverhalten und eine von der Rißgeschwindigkeit abhängige Bruchmorphologie.
    Notes: The fracture energy of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings of ZrO2 · MgO, ZrO2 · Y2O3, ZrO2 · CaO · Al2O3, and Al2O3 · TiO2 on metal substrates is obtained for both adhesive and cohesive failure modes of the coatings using notched layer-bonded bend test specimens. The generalized energy release rate was employed as a measure of the fracture energy. It takes account of the nonlinearity found in the load-deflection curves of the specimens. The failure of the specimens within the coating or at the interface is accompanied by the formation and linking of secondary cracks in the coating. This causes the non-linearity in the deformation behaviour and a rate-dependent failure morphology.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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