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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metronomtherapie bei Parkinson-Patienten (1997)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 68 (1997), S. 972-977 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Parkinson-Syndrom ; Metronomstimulation ; Gangqualität ; Musiktherapie ; Metronomtherapie ; Key words Parkinson’s disease ; Metronome stimulation ; Gait quality ; Music therapy ; Metronome therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary We studied 10 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 12 patients with Parkinson-plus-syndrome, trying to improve patients’ gait by application of various external rhythmic stimuli, including metronome stimulation (96 beats per minute=middle andante). The test course of the patients was 4×10 meters and 3 U-turns. The patients’ gait quality under stimulation was compared with their free walk (velocity, number of steps, number of freezing episodes). Metronome stimulation significantly reduced the time and number of steps needed for the test course and also diminished the number of freezing episodes. March music stimulation was less effective and tactile stimulation (rhythmically tapping on the patient’s shoulder) even produced negative results. The positive effect of metronome stimulation was also found, when the tests were not performed inside the hospital building, but outside in the hospital parc. Metronome stimulation was comparably effective in both patient sub-groups examined in this study (M. Parkinson, Parkinson-plus-syndrome) and seems to be an important additional help in the treatment of these patients. Electronical metronomes are not expensive, easy in handling, and portable. A theoretical explanation of metronome stimulation effectivity in patients with Parkinson’s disease still needs to be elucidated.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wir haben 10 Patienten mit Morbus Parkinson und 12 Patienten mit Parkinson-plus-Syndrom hinsichtlich der gangunterstützenden Wirkung verschiedener externer rhythmischer Stimuli systematisch untersucht und die Ergebnisse mit den Spontanleistungen dieser Patienten verglichen. Auf einer Gehstrecke von 4mal 10 m (mit 3 180°-Wendungen) war die Gangqualität (Tempo, Schrittzahl, Zahl der Blockierungen) bei Metronomstimulation (mittleres Andante=96 Schläge pro Minute) signifikant verbessert und der Stimulation durch Marschmusik überlegen. Ein mituntersuchter taktiler Reizmodus (Beklopfen der Schulter) führte hingegen zu einer Gangverschlechterung. Diese Ergebnisse waren ortsunabhängig (im Haus vs. im Freien) und in beiden untersuchten Subgruppen (Morbus Parkinson und Parkinson-plus-Syndrom) in vergleichbarem Maße zu finden. Aus den Studienergebnissen läßt sich ableiten, daß der therapeutische Einsatz preiswerter, einfacher und tragbarer elektronischer Metronome für medikamentös eingestellte Parkinson-Patienten eine große praktische Hilfe sein kann. Die theoretischen Grundlagen der Wirksamkeit einer Metronomstimulation sind derzeit noch nicht geklärt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050225
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurological complications in AIDS (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 234 (1987), S. 269-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurological complications in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are an important aspect of this new infectious disease and occur frequently. The existence of neurotropic variants of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of AIDS, is probable. Direct infection of the nervous system with HIV leads to a variety of HIV-induced neurological syndromes, the AIDS dementia complex being its most important representative. In addition, a large number of opportunistic infections and malignancies of the nervous system may complicate the disease. Major aspects of the clinical pictures, rational diagnostic approaches and treatment options of the most important sequels of HIV infection of the nervous system are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314279
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI in human immunodeficiency virus-associated cerebral vasculitis (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 526-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Vasculitis ; cerebral ; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cerebral ischaemia caused by inflammatory vasculopathies has been described as complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Imaging studies have shown ischaemic lesions and changes of the vascular lumen, but did not allow demonstration of abnormalities within the vessel wall itself. Two HIV-infected men presented with symptoms of a transient ischaemic attack. Initial MRI of the first showed no infarct; in the second two small lacunar lesions were detected. In both cases, multiplanar 3-mm slice contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images showed aneurysmal dilatation, with thickening and contrast enhancement of the wall of the internal carotid and middle cerebral (MCA) arteries. These findings were interpreted as indicating cerebral vasculitis. In the first patient the vasculopathy progressed to carotid artery occlusion, and he developed an infarct in the MCA territory, but then remained neurologically stable. In the second patient varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection was the probable cause of vasculitis. The clinical deficits and vasculitic MRI changes regressed with antiviral and immunosuppressive therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000328
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cryptococcus meningoencephalitis in AIDS: parenchymal and meningeal forms (1999)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 41 (1999), S. 129-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Cryptococcosi ; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract CT and MRI in one case of Cryptococcus neoformans infection showed contrast-enhancing parenchymal lesions resembling granulomata or abscesses. After an initial phase without contrast enhancement, the full extent of the lesions was visible within 2 weeks of presentation. The enhancing masses were assumed to represent intracerebral cryptococcomas. Despite evidence of massive meningeal infection on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, no radiological signs of meningitis, invasion of the Virchow-Robin spaces or ventriculitis could be demonstrated. With antimycotic treatment the contrast enhancement disappeared and cystic, partly calcified lesions remained. Recurrence of meningeal infection without radiological correlates was apparent in this stage. In a second case of proven cryptococcus meningitis, dilation of Virchow-Robin spaces or cysts in the adjacent parenchyma were the main abnormalities on MRI. Enhancing masses were not detected. These cases may represent two different reactions of the immunocompromised hosts to infection with C. neoformans: widening of the perivascular spaces as a correlate of the more typical meningeal infection and enhancing parenchymal lesions as a sign of further invasion from the CSF spaces. Enhancement of cryptococcomas, indicating an inflammatory response in the surrounding brain, is not typical in patients with impairment of immune function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050717
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoglobulin class- and subclass-specific HIV antibody detection in serum and CSF specimens by ELISA and western blot (1987)
    Springer
    Infection 15 (1987), S. 317-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 24 männliche, homosexuelle Personen, die an dem Lymphadenopathie- oder erworbenen Immundefektsyndrom erkrankt sind, wurden mit indirektem ELISA und Western blot unter Verwendung monoklonaler „Tracer“ auf HIV-Antikörper in den Immunglobulinklassen A, G, M und den Immunglobulinsubklassen G 1–4 untersucht. Alle untersuchten Patienten wiesen HIV-spezifische Serum-Antikörper in der Immunglobulinsubklasse G1 auf, etwa die Hälfte im IgG3, nur zwei bzw. einer im IgG2 und IgG4. IgM-Antikörper gegen HIV waren nur bei einem Patienten nachweisbar, bei dem eine Serokonversion bei Verlaufsuntersuchungen mit mehreren Blutproben festgestellt wurde. Von 12 Patienten mit Zeichen einer beginnenden Enzephalitis wurden auch Liquorproben getestet. Während die liquorständigen Antikörper gegen HIV im allgemeinen auf die IgG-Subklasse 1 beschränkt sind, ließen sich in zwei Fällen zusätzlich in den Blutproben nicht vorhandene IgM-Antikörper finden. Die intrathekale, pathognomonische Antikörperproduktion bei HIV-Infektion, im wesentlichen gegen die Strukturproteine gp120, gp41 und p24 gerichtet, kann durch die vergleichende Messung von Antikörpern gegen das Herpes simplex-Virus in Blut- und Liquorproben abgesichert werden.
    Notes: Summary Twenty-four homosexual adult patients suffering from LAS or AIDS were investigated for immunoglobulin class- and IgG subclass-specific antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by the indirect ELISA and Western blot using monoclonal tracer antibodies. All patients revealed HIV-specific serum antibodies of IgG subclass 1, and half of them IgG3. Only two had IgG2 and one IgG4 antibodies. IgM-anti-HIV was present in a person who presented a seroconversion in subsequent blood specimens. In twelve patients who developed signs of an ongoing encephalitis, cerebrospinal fluid specimens were also tested. HIV-specific IgG antibodies were usually restricted to the subclass 1. In two cases specific IgM was found to be present, although lacking in the blood specimens. By comparison with HSV antibody detection in blood and CSF, an intrathecal, possibly pathognomonic antibody formation to HIV could be confirmed, mainly directed to gp120, gp41 and p24.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01647729
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