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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Predation of different-sized Hyperoche medusarum (Hyperiida: Amphipoda) on larvae of the Pacific herring Clupea harengus pallasi was studied in the laboratory. The attacking rate of H. medusarum was a function of herring larvae size as well as size of the predator, and varied from 0.15 to 0.95 larvae attacked h-1 per hyperiid. In the range of 7.55 to 16.05 mm total larval length, vulnerability to predation was highest for 13.3 and 13.7 mm larvae. Large hyperiids swam faster and covered a wider area during searching and were more effective predators than small ones. Predation seemed to be influenced by light, and its intensity was dependent on the duration of previous food deprivation of the hyperiid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 31 (1978), S. 471-484 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two recirculated marine seawater systems (capacities: 150 and 300 l) were used for the study on cadmium accumulation of biological filter sludge, by the musselMytilus edulis and the plaicePleuronectes platessa for a period of up to 300 days. In the contaminated system Cd concentrations varied from 2.5 to 7.0 μg/l with a mean of 4.6±1.15 μg/l (control: 1.04±0.46 μg/l). Accumulation of Cd by the filter sludge from the control system as well as from the contaminated system was significant. Mean concentrations of control-and contaminated sludge over the experimental period were 2.01±0.86 ng Cd/mg dry wt and 9.98±3.55 ng Cd/mg dry wt respectively. Accumulation of Cd byM. edulis both in the control and in the contaminated system was considerable. After 163 days of exposure the whole body burden of mussels rose from 0.3 ng Cd/mg dry wt to around 10 ng Cd/mg dry wt in the controls and to 70 ng Cd/mg dry wt in the contaminated systems. Accumulation of Cd byP. platessa was analysed in backbone, fins, gills, liver, muscle (fillet), otolith and skin (dorsal and ventral) over a period of 280 days. Elevated Cd contents of livers from control specimens were noticed after 200 days and reached 1.75 ng Cd/mg dry wt in liver. There was considerable accumulation in the liver (maximum values: 3.0 ng Cd/mg dry wt) and gills (6.0 ng Cd/mg dry wt) of specimens from the contaminated system, Cd contents of plaice exposed for identical periods of time were very variable. Growth of plaice living in the contaminated system was at times significantly slower than that of the control group. Of the three biological objects tested-filter sludge,M. edulis, P. platessa—the mussel seemed to be the most sensitive indicator of elevated Cd-concentrations, while the reaction of the plaice was slow and less distinct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of economics 56 (1992), S. 219-245 
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 42 (1988), S. 13-36 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In February/March 1983 and 1984 a survey of pelagic fish eggs was conducted in the western Baltic (Kiel Bight), employing a horizontally towed plankton net (1 m Ø and 300 μm mesh). Maximum egg numbers in the upper meter of the S=21×10−3 salinity layer were 200·100 m−3. The most abundant eggs were cod (up to 142 eggs·100 m−3), followed by plaice (up to 74 eggs·100 m−3) and flounder (20 eggs·100 m−3). A considerable percentage of embryos of all species displayed aberrant development. In 1983 18% of cod, 22% of flounder and 24% of plaice eggs caught contained defective embryos; in 1984 this number was larger, ranging from 28% in plaice over 32% in cod to 44% in flounder. Early developmental stages showed the highest malformation rates (up to 51% in the case of early flounder embryos). With progressive development, malformations decreased in numbers, being lowest prior to hatching. Highest rates of malformations were recorded in the Mecklenburg Bight in 1983. A second area with high incidence of malformation rates was located south and east of the island of Langeland. Several reasons, including environmental and anthropogenic factors, for the occurrence of malformed embryos in pelagic fish eggs are discussed. The potential of malformation rates in embryos of pelagic fish eggs as a tool for monitoring is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 446 (1978), S. 169-176 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contribution to the Chemistry of Phosphorus. 79 About the Ring Cleavage of Tetra-t-butyl-cyclotetraphosphane by Potassium and SulphurThe ring cleavage of (t-BuP)4 by potassium in tetrahydrofuran or dioxane yields the phophides K2(t-BuP)n (n = 4, 3, 2). The comproportionation of t-butylphosphides with different chain lengths is sterically strongly hindered. Therefore in general a mixture of the various salts is obtained even under defined stoichiometrical conditions. K(t-Bu)P—P(t-Bu)K is slightly soluble, so it can be easily isolated. With H2O or Me3SiCl it react to the diphosphanes H(t-Bu)P—P(t-Bu)H and Me3Si(t-Bu)P—P(t-Bu)SiMe3, respectively. The 31P nmr spectra of the phosphides K2(t-BuP)n (n = 4, 3, 2) as well as of KH(t-BuP)2 are reported and discussed. Two additionally observable spin systems at extremely high field presumably correspond to the diastereomers of the cyclic salt K(t-Bu)2P3. The reaction of (t-Bup)4 and excessive sulfur in boiling xylene leads via ring cleavage to t-butyl-dithiophosphonic acid anhydride, (t-BuP(S)S)2.
    Notes: Die Ringspaltung von (t-BuP)4 mit Kalium in Tetrahydrofuran bzw. Dioxan Führt zu den Phosphiden K2(t-BuP)n (n = 4, 3, 2). Die einzelnen Salze entstehen auch unter definierten stöchiometrischen Verhältnissen im allgemeinen nebeneinander, da die Komproportionierung von t-Butylphosphiden unterschiedlicher Kettenlänge sterisch stark gehindert ist. K(t-Bu)P—P(t-Bu)K kann aufgrund der Schwerlöslichkeit präparativ leicht werden. Es reagiert mit H2O oder Me3SiCl zu den Diphosphanen H(t-Bu)P—P(t-Bu)H bzw. Me3Si(t-Bu)P—P(t-Bu)SiMe3. Die 31P-NMR-Spektren der Phosphide K2(t-BuP)n (n = 4, 3, 2) sowie von KH(t-BuP)2 werden mitgeteilt und diskutiert. Zwei zusätzlich beobachtbare Spinsysteme bei extrem hohem Feld entsprechen sehr wahrscheinlich den Diastereomeren des cyclischen Salzes K(t-Bu)2P3. Bei der Reaktion von (t-BuP)4 mit überschüssigem Schwefel in siedendem Xylol erfolgt Ringspaltung zum t-Butyl-dithiophophonsäureahydrid, (t-BuP(S)S)2.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 498 (1983), S. 57-63 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Phosphorus. 119. Tri-isopropyl-cyclotriphosphane, (i-PrP)3, and Tri-sec-butyl-cyclotriphosphane, (s-BuP)3The dehalogenation of isopropyldichlorophosphane and sec-butyldichlorophosphane with magnesium leads to the title compounds (i-PrP)3 (1) and (s-BuP)3 (2) respectively. The corresponding cyclotetraphosphanes, and in the case of 1 also (i-PrP)5, are formed as by-products. 1 and 2 are relatively stable triorganyl-cyclotriphosphanes. They were isolated in a pure state and have been fully characterized. Due to the chiral P-bonded carbon atoms 2 forms four diastereomers, which could be identified by NMR spectroscopy.
    Notes: Die Enthalogenierung von Isopropyldichlorphosphan und sec-Butyldichlorphosphan mit Magnesium führt zu den Titelverbindungen (i-PrP)3 (1) bzw. (s-BuP)3 (2). Als Nebenprodukte werden die entsprechenden Cyclotetraphosphane, im Fall von 1 auch noch (i-PrP)5, gebildet. 1 und 2 sind relativ beständige Triorganyl-cyclotriphosphane, die in reiner Form isoliert und vollständig charakterisiert werden konnten. Auf Grund der chiralen P-gebundenen Kohlenstoffatome bildet 2 vier 31P-NMR-spektroskopisch unterscheidbare Konfigurationsisomere.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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