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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of glipizide in man: Influence of renal insufficiency (1973)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 9 (1973), S. 331-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; sulphonylurea ; glipizide ; pharmacokinetics ; metabolism ; excretion ; renal insufficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four subjects received 5 mg14C-glipizide orally and3 subjects1 mg intravenously. The average absorption of the oral dose was nearly 100% with peak plasma levels occurring between 90 and 360 min. The apparent half-life of plasma radioactivity was approximatively 3.7 h, the disappearance of radioactivity following complex kinetics due to metabolism of the drug. Extraction with CH2Cl2 and chromatography showed that in plasma 85% of the total radioactivity corresponded to unchanged glipizide, but in urine 98% to more polar and more readily excreted metabolites. The urinary excretion is 68% of the dose. The hypoglycaemic effect of glipizide is comparable to glibenclamide. The administration of14C-glipizide to two patients with renal insufficiency showed that the metabolism of the drug is independent of kidney function, that the rate of disappearance of the unchanged glipizide was approximately the same as in normals, but that the “halflife” of the metabolites was increased to 20 h and more.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01218443
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute abdomen of unknown origin: Impact of CT on diagnosis and management (1992)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 17 (1992), S. 287-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Acute abdomen ; CT ; CT-management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A prospective study was performed including 40 patients with an acute abdominal syndrome presenting difficulties in defining the etiology. All patients underwent an emergency computed tomographic (CT) scan. The CT scan made the syndrome's diagnosis in 95% of cases and it permitted the detection of a lesion in 57.5% of cases. The diagnostic impact of CT scan was significant (p〈0.01). The value and the specific contribution of CT in various diseases were analyzed. CT allowed appropriate therapeutic decisions in 95% of cases where clinical examination performance was positive in only 60% of cases. We had two negative CT results leading to an inappropriate therapeutic decision; it consisted of two cases of undiagnosed appendicitis. CT modified the primary therapeutic strategy in 30% of cases and avoided seven laparotomies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01888571
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Near fatal case of self-poisoning with thioridazine (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 1463-1464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709572
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collagen biosynthesis and isomorphism in a case of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Type VI (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 279 (1987), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Ehlers-Danlos syndromes ; Fibroblasts ; Collagen biosynthesis ; Collagen types
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Collagen metabolism was studied in fibroblasts grown from a skin biopsy specimen of a patient who presented the striking clinical features of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and, in particular, hyperextensibility of the skin, hypermobility of the joints, and kyphoscoliosis. A reduction in lysine hydroxylation, characteristic of Ehlers-Danlos Type VI, was observed after labelling of the collagen with 14C-proline and 3H-lysine. Other modifications in the collagen metabolism of fibroblast cultures were noted, including an increase in collagen and total protein synthesis, and an increase in both the Type I and Type III collagen. The percentage of Type III collagen was, however, lower than in the control fibroblasts. The results point out the complexity of collagen disturbances in Ehlers-Danlos Type VI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431222
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voluntary head stabilization in space during oscillatory trunk movements in the frontal plane performed in weightlessness (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 114 (1997), S. 214-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Postural control ; Head stabilization ; Postural body schema ; Dynamic vestibular input ; Visual cues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The ability voluntarily to stabilize the head in space during lateral rhythmic oscillations (0.59±0.09 Hz) of the trunk has been investigated during microgravity (μG) and normal gravity (nG) conditions (parabolic flights). Five healthy young subjects, who gave informed consent, were examined. The movements were performed with eyes open or eyes closed, during phases of either μG or nG. The main result was that head orientation with respect to vertical may be stabilized about the roll axis under μG with, as well as without vision, despite the reduction in vestibular afferent and muscle proprioceptive inputs. Moreover, the absence of head stabilization about the yaw axis confirms that the degrees of freedom of the neck can be independently controlled, as was previously reported. These results seem to indicate that voluntary head stabilization does not depend crucially upon static vestibular afferents. Head stabilization in space may in fact be organized on the basis of either dynamic vestibular afferents or a short-term memorized postural body schema.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005630
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is the erect posture in microgravity based on the control of trunk orientation or center of mass position? (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 114 (1997), S. 384-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Posture ; Center of mass ; Trunk orientation ; Microgravity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In the present experiments carried out in microgravity two questions were addressed. First, when the subject was instructed to adopt a vertical erect posture in microgravity with his feet fixed to the floor of the space cabin, would he control anteroposterior position with respect to the ankle joint axis of the ”vertical projection” of his center of mass (CM) or trunk axis orientation with respect to the ”vertical” (perpendicular to the floor of the space cabin)? Secondly, is CM anteroposterior position regulated during upper trunk movements in microgravity, in the absence of equilibrium constraint? Two subjects were tested in a long-term space flight. Video camera recordings were performed and analyzed off line. The results show that during erect vertical posture in microgravity, the trunk axis with respect to the ”vertical” is inclined some 7° forward. The anteroposterior position of the CM ”vertical” projection is not shifted forward, as might be expected in view of the trunk inclination, but remains close to the ankle joint axis. At the end of the upper trunk forward or backward bending movement, the final position of the vertical CM projection remains close to the ankle joint axis in microgravity. These results are interpreted as indicating that CM anteroposterior position continues to be accurately controlled in microgravity; the forward inclination of the trunk axis observed in microgravity is interpreted as being due to a misevaluation of the ”vertical” axis on the basis of biased information from proprioceptive inputs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005647
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of glipizide and glibenclamide in man (1975)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; sulfonylurea ; glipizide ; glibenclamide ; pharmacokinetics ; excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Four subjects received 5 mg14C-glipizide orally, 3 subjects 1 mg intravenously and 2 subjects 5 mg14C-glibenclamide orally. Plasma levels of radioactivity, and urinary and faecal excretion were measured. For both drugs the disappearance of radioactivity from plasma followed complex kinetics and the apparent half-lives increased steadily with time. The two sulfonylureas were extensively metabolized and were excreted in the urine as hydroxylated or conjugated metabolites. The effects of both drugs on blood glucose and immunoreactive insulin were comparable. The findings are compared with other published results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616416
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous tubular excretion and reabsorption of pindolol in man (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1981), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pindolol ; pharmacokinetics ; renal clearance ; computer fit ; saturable tubular reabsorption ; tubular secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma concentrations of pindolol have been examined following the administration of single doses of 15 mg tablets to eight healthy male subjects. The apparent half-life of elimination in plasma (t1/2=4.05 h) and in urine (t1/2=3.21 h) was calculated using conventional pharmacokinetic methods. The renal clearance was estimated by plotting urinary excretion rates versus plasma concentrations; for all subjects these plots were curved. In addition to these graphical estimations, the plasma concentrations of pindolol and the urinary excretion data for each volunteer were simultaneously fitted using a one or two-compartment open body model; a computer program using non-linear regression algorithms was used. This procedure did not give an adequate fit to the data. Another type of data analysis, using a population — based model, permitted us to show that the renal elimination of pindolol in man comprises of two separate processes — tubular secretion and reabsorption, which was partially saturable under the experimental conditions. The theoretical relevance and clinical significance of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609590
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of the genetic status of oxidative metabolism to variability in the plasma concentrations of beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 797-799 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: bufurlol ; pharmacokinetics ; oxidative polymorphism ; hydroxylation polymorphism ; betaadrenoceptor blocking agents ; phenotype ; interindividual variations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The oxidative metabolism of bufuralol is under the same genetic control as that of debrisoquine and sparteine. 154 fasting volunteers received a 30 mg tablet of bufuralol and a blood sample was taken 3 h later. In poor metabolizers (8% of the sample) the plasma bufuralol concentrations were very high and the metabolite concentrations were low. The genetic oxidative status is a major source of interindividual variation in the plasma concentration of drugs that undergo oxidative metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607090
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behaviour of glibenclamide on repeated administration to diabetic patients (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; sulfonylurea ; glibenclamide ; pharmacokinetics ; repeated administration ; deep compartment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six maturity onset diabetic patients took glibenclamide 5 mg by mouth, every morning 10 min before a standard breakfast. Serum levels of immunoreactive glibenclamide, glucose and immunoreactive insulin were measured repeatedly on the first and 15th days of treatment. Measured glibenclamide blood levels were in close agreement with an analogue computer simulation of data obtained from healthy volunteers: there was no accumulation of drug in the blood, but there was strong evidence for the existence of a slowly equilibrating “deep” compartment. Considerable insulin release and correction of the breakfast-induced hyperglycaemia were observed immediately after administration of the drug, as well as 5 h later, at lunch time. The clinical significance of blood levels of glibenclamide, as well as the correlation of pharmacokinetics with pharmacodynamics, are discussed in the light of these results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561783
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