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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immediate effect of a stabilization splint on masticatory muscle activity in temporomandibular disorder patients (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Surface electromyography (EMG) allows the quantification of the occlusal equilibrium in dysfunctional patients, for instance in those with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Fourteen patients (ten women, four men) with internal derangement type I were selected among the TMD patients referred to a private practice in Milan. A stabilization splint with posterior contacts was made for each patient. To verify the static neuromuscular equilibrium of occlusion, EMG activity of left and right temporal and masseter muscles was recorded in all patients and the activity (ratio between the activities of the temporal and masseter muscles) index was computed over a maximum voluntary clench test of 3 s. Muscular waveforms were also analysed by computing a percentage overlapping coefficient (POC, an index of the symmetric distribution of the muscular activity determined by the occlusion). The total electrical activity was measured by calculating the area under the entire muscular waveforms. In all patients EMG was performed just before and immediately after the insertion of the splint and data were compared by paired Student's t-tests. Overall, the splint reduced the electrical activity of the analysed muscles (P 〈 0·005) and made it more equilibrated both between the left and right side (larger symmetry in the masseter muscle POC, P 〈 0·05) and between the temporal and masseter muscles (activity index, P 〈 0·01).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00927.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electromyographic investigation of masticatory muscles symmetry in normo-occlusion subjects (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The influence of occlusal conditions on stomatognathic function can be assessed by electromyography. Electromyographic activity of left and right temporal and masseter muscles was recorded in 30 young healthy adults with a normal occlusion during: (1) a 3-s maximum voluntary clench on cotton rolls positioned on the posterior teeth (standardization recording); (2) a 3-s maximum voluntary clench in intercuspal position; and (3) a 3-s alternate ‘maximum’ voluntary contraction and relaxation with a 1 Hz frequency. All potentials were standardized as a percentage of the maximum potential of test 1. Waveforms of paired muscles were compared by computing a percentage overlapping coefficient (ratio between each 50-ms overlapped areas and the total areas, up to 100% for symmetric muscles). Waveforms were also analysed for a laterodeviating effect on the mandible given by unbalanced muscular couples, and a torque coefficient (up to 100% for a significant laterodeviating couple on the mandible) was computed. In all subjects, both tests were performed with symmetric muscular patterns (more than 88%) and with negligible laterodeviating couples on the mandible (lower than 10%). The two coefficients allow an assessment of muscular asymmetry during static and dynamic clenching tests, and, together with the standardization of the potentials, could be a useful tool to detect functionally altered occlusal conditions, i.e. conditions where an apparent good morphological situation is not related to a correct neuromuscular status.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2000.00490.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of crossbite on the coordinated electromyographic activity of human masticatory muscles during mastication (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The analysis of the masticatory muscle activity in subjects with altered occlusal relationships could provide useful data of the functional impact of morphological discrepancies. Thirty subjects aged 16–18 years, with a sound, full permanent dentition, bilateral angle class I, and an overjet and overbite between 2 and 5 mm, were examined. The control group (10 male, 10 female) had no crossbite, while the crossbite group (four male, six female) had a posterior unilateral crossbite (five on the left side, five on the right side). The electromyographic activity of the left and right masseter and temporalis anterior muscles was recorded during 15 s of unilateral (left and right) chewing of gum, and expressed as a percentage of the maximum voluntary clench on cotton rolls. For each subject, the masticatory frequency, the confidence ellipse of the simultaneous differential left–right masseter and temporal activity (Lissajous figure), and an index of muscular symmetry, were computed to assess muscular coordination. In the crossbite subjects, the four analysed muscles appeared to contract with altered and asymmetric patterns. A large variability was found, and the confidence ellipses calculated for the chewing tests performed on the crossed sides were not significant, while the confidence ellipses of the uncrossed side chewing were different from the ellipses computed in the normal occlusion group. The altered occlusal relationship influenced the coordination of the masticatory muscles during chewing on both sides. The functional alteration was more apparent when the side with the altered morphology was directly involved, i.e. when chewing was performed on the crossbite side.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1999.00419.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single tooth bite forces in healthy young adults (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The assessment of bite forces on healthy single tooth appears essential for a correct quantification of the actual impact of single implant oral rehabilitations. In the present study, a new single tooth strain-gauge bite transducer was used in 52 healthy young adults (36 men, 16 women) with a complete permanent dentition. The influences of tooth position along the dental arch, of side, and of sex, on maximum bite force were assessed by an anova. No significant left–right differences were found. On average, in both sexes the lowest bite force was recorded on the incisors (40–48% of maximum single tooth bite force), the largest force was recorded on the first molar. Bite forces were larger in men than in women (P 〈 0·002), and increased monotonically along the arch until the first or second permanent molar (P 〈 0·0001). The present data can be used as reference values for the comparison of dental forces in patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0305-182X.2003.01179.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of an influence of asymmetrical occlusal interferences on the activity of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  To investigate the hypothesis of a functional coupling between occlusion and neck muscles, the immediate effect of asymmetrical occlusal interferences on the pattern of contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscles (SCM) during maximum voluntary clench (MVC) was analysed in 30 healthy subjects. All subjects had a complete and sound permanent dentition, without temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and craniocervical disorders. A 5-s surface electromyogram (EMG) examination of the SCM was performed during (1) MVC in intercuspal position and (2) MVC with a single 200-μm occlusal interference alternatively positioned on teeth 16, 13, 23, 26. All subjects had a symmetrical EMG activity during MVC in intercuspal position. For each subject, SCM potentials were standardized as percentage of the mean potentials recorded during the MVC on natural dentition and the EMG waves of left- and right-side muscles were compared by computing the relevant percentage overlapping coefficient (POC). For each subject, the best and the worst POCs computed during the four MVC tests with occlusal interferences were found and the percentage difference between them was calculated. In the four MVC tests with occlusal interferences, SCM symmetry was very different from that recorded during MVC on natural dentition. The difference between the best and worst POCs computed within each subject was very variable, ranging from 1·52 to 41·57%. In conclusion, when young healthy subjects with a normal occlusion clench on an asymmetrical occlusal interference, they have an altered left-right side pattern of contraction of their SCM. In almost all subjects, a previously symmetrical pattern became asymmetrical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.00986.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A three-dimensional non-invasive study of head flexion and extension in young non-patient subjects (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary Head flexion and extension movements near the natural head position (NHP) were analysed for the location of the mean instantaneous centre of rotation (ICR). Forty-six healthy young adults (30 women and 16 men) with sound dentitions, free from cranio-cervical disorders, performed habitual movements that were automatically detected and measured by an infrared three-dimensional motion analyser. ICR and curvature radius were calculated for each movement and subject. In both extension and flexion, ICR position changed during the motion. The movement was symmetrical in all subjects. No gender or flexion/extension differences were found for both ICR position and relevant curvature radius. On average, ICR relative to NHP soft-tissue nasion was located at about 150% of the soft-tissue nasion–right tragus distance, with an angle of about 220° relative to the true horizontal. Results suggest that head flexion or extension is always performed with a combination of rotation (atlanto-occipital joint) and translation (cervical spine) even in the first degrees of motion. Moreover, NHP at rest seems to be some degree more flexed and anterior than head position during movements. These relative positions and their muscular determinants could also influence mandibular posture at rest and during functional movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1997.tb00341.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative analysis of the neuronal population of the red nucleus of the cat (1981)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 2 (1981), S. 43-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Red nucleus ; cat ; magnocellular part ; parvocellular part
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Vi è buona evidenza in letteratura che la presenza di due componenti, magno-e parvo-cellulare, nel Nucleo Rosso dei mammiferi è correlabile con parti funzionalmente differenti. Sfortunatamente nel gatto, la specie maggiormente studiata sia fisiologicamente che anatomicamente, mancano criteri morfologici di distinzione fra le due parti. Applicando tecniche quantitative su preparati Nissl, è stata studiata la popolazione cellulare del Nucleo Rosso in sezioni seriate lungo l'asse rostro-caudale del mesencefalo. Mediante una analisi statistico-matematica dei dati raccolti si è potuto dimostrare con un ottimo livello di significatività un piano orizzontale di divisione in due parti del nucleo. Questo piano risulta posto fra i due terzi caudali ed il terzo rostrale del nucleo. Pur riconoscendo due parti distinte nel modello ottenuto, non è però possibile assegnare a ciascuna di esse un tipo esclusivo di elemento cellulare, sia considerando la forma sia considerando la dimensione dei neuroni.
    Notes: Abstract There is strong evidence in the literature for a correlation between the two parts of the red nucleus, magnocellular and parvocellular, and different functions. Unfortunately in the cat, the species most studied both physiologically and anatomically, there are no morphological criteria distinguishing the two portions. With quantitative techniques applied to Nissl preparations the neuronal population of the Red Nucleus has been studied in serial sections along the rostrocaudal axis of the mesencephalon of the cat. Statistical analysis of the data revealed a horizontal plane dividing the two portions of the nucleus with a high statistical significance level. This plane lies between the caudal two-thirds and the rostral third of the nucleus. Although in the model two portions can be distinguished, it is not possible to assign to either a single type of neuron, whether or considered in terms of shape or size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02351686
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