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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 101 (1979), S. 7723-7725 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Stereochemistry of the Addition of Carboxylic Acid Dianions to Aldehydes under Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control  -  Synthesis and Configurational Assignment of 2,3-Disubstituted threo- and erythro-3-Hydroxycarboxylic AcidsUnder kinetically controlled conditions ( - 50°C, 10 min) the carboxylic dianions 2 add to aldehydes 3 to give the threo/erythro-adducts 4/5 (Scheme 1); the threo-selectivity markedly increases with the bulkiness of the substituents of 2 or 3 and decreases with the charge/radius ratio of the counter-ions of 2. From these results a syn-transition state with a HOMO-LUMO interaction between 2 and 3 is derived (Scheme 3). For appropriate substituents a far higher threo-selectivity is observed under thermodynamically (22  -  50°C, 1  -  3 days) than under kinetically controlled conditions. We describe the isolation of the hydroxy acids 6 and 7, which are formed from 4 and 5 on acidic hydrolysis, and show how their configurations can be unambiguously assigned on the basis of 1H-NMR data.
    Notes: Unter kinetisch kontrollierten Bedingungen ( - 50°C, 10 min) vereinigten sich die Carbonsäuredianionen 2 mit Aldehyden 3 zu den threo/erythro-Addukten 4/5 (Schema 1), wobei der threo-Anteil mit der Raumerfüllung der Substituenten an 2 oder 3 stark ansteigt und mit dem Ladung/Radius-Verhältnis der zu 2 gehörigen Gegenionen ebenso deutlich abfällt. Daraus wird auf einen syn-Übergangszustand mit cycloadditionsähnlicher HOMO-LUMO-Wechselwirkung zwischen 2 und 3 geschlossen (Schema 3). Unter thermodynamischer Kontrolle (22 - 50°C, 1  -  3 Tage) erhöht sich bei geeigneter Substitution die threo-Selektivität gegenüber der kinetischen Kontrolle beträchtlich. Es wird die Reindarstellung der aus 4 und 5 durch saure Hydrolyse entstehenden Hydroxysäuren 6 und 7 beschrieben, deren Konfiguration auf Grund von 1H-NMR-Daten zweifelsfrei zugeordnet werden kann.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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