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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-086X
    Keywords: Key words: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt—Stents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: To compare patency rates of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) after placement of long-medium Palmaz stents or Wallstents. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of TIPS performed at our institution between December 1997 and December 1998. During this time period we placed long-medium Palmaz stents for TIPS procedures in 17 patients and Wallstents in 20 patients as the initial stent. Patency was determined on follow-up by ultrasound, angiography, or pathologic examination in the event of transplant. Results: Primary patency in the Palmaz stent group was 70.6% (12/17 patients) (follow-up 1–399 days, mean 127 days). Both primary assisted and secondary patency in the Palmaz group was 100% (17/17 patients) (follow up 1–399 days, mean 154 days). Primary patency in the Wallstent group was 50% (10/20 patients) (follow up 1–370 days, mean 65 days). Primary assisted patency in the Wallstent group was 80% (16/20 patients) (follow up 1–601 days, mean 141 days). Secondary patency in the Wallstent group was 100% (20/20 patients) (follow up 2–601 days, mean 142 days). Kaplan-Meier analysis of the two groups of patients yielded a primary patency of 266 days (standard error 45 days) for TIPS with the Palmaz stent and 139 days (standard error 45 days) for the Wallstent (p = .04). The 3, 6, and 12-month primary patency rates were .84, .63, and .42 respectively for the Palmaz stents and .36, .36, and .18 respectively for the Wallstent. There was no significant difference in primary assisted or secondary patency between the two stent groups. The mean tract curvature in the patients with Palmaz stents was 23.5° (SD 18.2°, range 0–69.0°) compared with 57° (SD 34.5°, range 7.0–144.0°) in patients with Wallstents (p = .01). Conclusions: Our nonprospective, nonrandomized study suggests that TIPS created with the long-medium Palmaz stent have a higher primary patency than those created with the Wallstent in tracts that are relatively straight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sperm polymorphism ; Ultrastructure ; Mollusca ; Prosobranchia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The prosobranch Fusitriton oregonensis exhibits an unusual form of sperm polymorphism. The viable, eupyrene sperm are attached in groups of about fifty to worm-shaped, apyrene, carrier sperm. There is a second apyrene sperm, which is lancet-shaped and has a different internal organization than the carrier, but does not transport eupyrene sperm. The eupyrene sperm are filiform (185 μm long), with a conical acrosome, elongate nucleus and midpiece. They contain large stores of glycogen in the principal piece, together with an unusually high proportion of protein. The latter is due to a complex interconnecting system of fibres that supports the tail internally. A distinct annulus is located, characteristically, at the junction between midpiece and principal piece. The carrier sperm has a core of about 112 axonemes that arise from basal bodies in the anterior end and extend through its entire length of 36 μm. The basal bodies have unstriated rootlets that are embedded in a granular cap. Large membrane-bound “yolk bodies” are arranged along the length of the carrier sperm, on either side of the median axonemal core. Dense bodies, which may be indigestible residues formed from the degeneration of the nucleus, are excreted by exocytosis. Individual carrier sperm are capable of “corkscrew” propulsion, resembling that of spirochaetes. The lancet sperm is three times as long as the carrier. The sixteen or so axonemes, which are arranged peripherally like a cage enclosing the cytoplasm, originate from a dense centriolar plate in the anterior end. The cytoplasm is filled with secretions including small yolk granules, dense bodies (also excreted), clear vesicles, and a membranated granular secretion that resembles mucus. The possible functions of the lancet and carrier sperm are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 7 (1983), S. 19-37 
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: spermiogenesis ; centrioles ; Golgi body ; microtubules ; Gastropoda ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Spermiogenesis of the eupyrene sperm in the snail, Fusitriton oregonensis, was studied with light and electron microscopes. Endoplasmic reticulum, which encircles the nucleus in each spermatid, appears to connect with the Golgi body and to interconnect between adjacent spermatids via cytoplasmic bridges. It is suggested that as the Golgi body migrates around the nucleus the endoplasmic reticulum may circulate with it. The alignment of the proacrosome with the nucleus is effected by a 180° rotation of the Golgi body, after which it separates and migrates posteriorly with the residual cytoplasm. Each sperm possesses a well-developed intracellular digestive system as indicated by multivesicular bodies, residual bodies, and myeloid figures. Autophagy begins in the residual cytoplasm before it is released from the middle piece. Microtubules are found outside the nucleus and mitochondria during the final stages of spermiogenesis, when elongation is almost complete. These microtubules appear to be involved in the final shaping and twisting process, in which torsion is locked in the nucleus and the mitochondria spiral around the axoneme. The annulus attaches the distal centriole to the plasma membrane in the early spermatid and as flagellar production begins they move towards the implantation fossa at the base of the nucleus. There are two centrioles in the early spermatid, the distal centriole and procentriole. The small procentriole fuses with the distal centriole in the intranuclear canal to form the centriolar cap of the basal body. This cap is pushed through the end of the nuclear tube and is separated from the subacrosomal space by only the nuclear membranes.
    Additional Material: 31 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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