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Chemical Marker Profile and Biological Effects of Natural Products Containing Echinacea (2005)

Foster, Brian C ; Drouin, Cathy ; Krantis, Anthony ; [et al.]

Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)

Journal of complementary and integrative medicine 2 (2005), S. 11

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ISSN: 1553-3840

Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Natural health products containing Echinacea have been used by many patient populations and although there are reports of adverse effects with products containing Echinacea, few clearly characterized the nature of the product with respect to constituent content, the nature of the products and the mechanism underlying the interaction. The objective of this study was to examine blended and single-entity Echinacea products containing ground plant material or extracts in commercial capsules, herbal teas, tablets, tinctures and soft gel liquid-filled capsule formulations in an attempt to correlate biomarker constituent content and effects on cellular and subcellular parameters of interest. HPLC analysis indicated significant variability in the major biomarker constituent content in extracts from these Echinacea products. These extracts were also examined for their potential to affect cytochrome P450 CYP1A1/2, 2C9*1, 2C9*2, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4, 3A5, 3A7, and flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3); CYP3A5-mediated metabolism, and expression of CYP3A4 and ABCB1. The extracts of some products were also examined for their effect cellular processes such as cell proliferation, nitric oxide formation as a marker of immunostimulatory capacity, and lactate dehydrogenase release as a marker for cell toxicity. The present study indicated that key Echinacea constituents varied widely within and between the products tested and that these levels did not correlate with the ability of these products to markedly affect the cellular processes studied.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://www.bepress.com/jcim/vol2/iss1/11

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NATURAL HEALTH PRODUCTS AND DRUG DISPOSITION * (2005)

Foster, Brian C. ; Arnason, J. Thor ; Briggs, Colin J.

Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews

Annual Review of Pharmacology 45 (2005), S. 203-226

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ISSN: 0362-1642

Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff

Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Botanicals such as herbal products (HPs) and nutraceuticals (NCs) are often regarded as low risk because of their long history of human use. Anecdotal and literature reports of adverse drug events (ADEs) and clinical studies with HPs are increasing, but many of the reports are incomplete and contradictory. These reports need to identify confounding factors and explain contradictory findings if they are to help health care professionals or patients understand what risks are involved. HPs are complex botanicals, not single-active ingredient (SAI) products. Studies can be confounded by different manufacturing processes and formulations, including cosmetics and food supplements; environment; chemotypes; misidentification or adulteration; and factors associated with the patient or user population such as use, total drug load, and genetics. Future studies need to be conducted with characterized product that includes all commercially available related products. Clinical trials should be relevant to the user population and take into account the confounding factors that may influence the interpretation of the findings.