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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Shell length and electrophoretic heterozygosity at six enzyme loci were scored in juveniles of 30 hatchery-grown families and in adults of 10 field-grown families of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. A total of 4 809 offspring were scored. We found no consistent pattern in the correlations between shell length and enzyme heterozygosity among sibs within families. However, a significant family effect on shell length was observed, suggesting an influence of background genotype on this character. A family effect on viability was also observed. When the environment and family effects were accounted for, a small positive correlation between heterozygosity and shell length at the juvenile stage remained. This correlation was significant in one of the three experiments. No such correlation was evident at the adult stage. Our interpretation of these results is that electrophoretic alleles appear to have no direct of independent effect of their own on growth. We suggest that the negative correlation of homozygosity with these characters, seen in natural populations, results from homozygosity for hidden recessive deleterious genes with which the electromorphs are in a steady state of quasilinkage disequilibrium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Juveniles of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis that had resulted from a large number of pair matings were examined at six polymorphic enzyme loci. In four loci, the overall number of heterozygotes was significantly less than expected from the parental genotypes. The degree of deviation from expectation varied considerably among families, and families which shared the same male parent tended to show similar degrees of deviation. Inbreeding and population mixture, the two most cited explanations of heterozygote deficiency (a phenomenon commonly observed in populations of marine bivalves), do not apply in the case of pair-matings, and the null allele hypothesis is inconsistent with the data. These observations suggest that genotype-dependent larval mortality constitutes the most probable cause of this phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The discussion in the preceding paper is restricted to the uncertainties in magnetic-field-iine tracing in the magnetosphere resulting from published standard errors in the spherical harmonic coefficients that define the axisymmetric part of the internal geomagnetic field (i.e. gn0 ± δgn0). Numerical estimates of these uncertainties based on an analytic equation for axisymmetric field lines are in excellent agreement with independent computational estimates based on stepwise numerical integration along magnetic field lines. This comparison confirms the accuracy of the computer program used in the present paper to estimate the uncertainties in magnetic-field-line tracing that arise from published standard errors in the full set of spherical harmonic coefficients, which define the complete (non-axisymmetric) internal geomagnetic field (i.e. gnm ± θgnm and hnm ± θhnm). An algorithm is formulated that greatly reduces the computing time required to estimate these uncertainties in magnetic-field-line tracing. The validity of this algorithm is checked numerically for both the axisymmetric part of the internal geomagnetic field in the general case (1 ≤ n ≤ 10) and the complete internal geomagnetic field in a restrictive case (0 ≤ m ≤ n, 1 ≤ n ≤ 3). On this basis it is assumed that the algorithm can be used with confidence in those cases for which the computing time would otherwise be prohibitively long. For the complete internal geomagnetic field, the maximum characteristic uncertainty in the geocentric distance of a field line that crosses the geomagnetic equator at a nominal dipolar distance of 2 RE is typically 100 km. The corresponding characteristic uncertainty for a field line that crosses the geomagnetic equator at a nominal dipolar distance of 6 RE is typically 500 km. Histograms and scatter plots showing the characteristic uncertainties associated with magnetic-field-line tracing in the magnetosphere are presented for a range of illustrative examples. Finally, estimates are given for the maximum uncertainties in the locations of the conjugate points of selected geophysical observatories. Numerical estimates of the uncertainties in magnetic-field-line tracing in the magnetosphere, including the associated uncertainties in thelocations of the conjugate points of geophysical observatories, should be regarded as “first approximations” in the sense that these estimates are only as accurate as the published standard errors in the full set of spherical harmomic coefficients. As in the preceding paper, howerver, all computational techniques developed in this paper can be used to derive more realistic estimates of the uncertainties in magnetic-field-line tracing in the magnetosphere, following further progress in the determination of more accurate standard errors in the spherical harmonic coefficients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective  To determine the association between congenital toxoplasmosis and preterm birth, low birthweight and small for gestational age birth.Design  Multicentre prospective cohort study.Setting  Ten European centres offering prenatal screening for toxoplasmosis.Population  Deliveries after 23 weeks of gestation in 386 women with singleton pregnancies who seroconverted to toxoplasma infection before 20 weeks of gestation. Deliveries after 36 weeks in 234 women who seroconverted at 20 weeks or later, and tested positive before 37 weeks.Methods  Comparison of infected and uninfected births, adjusted for parity and country of birth.Main outcome measures  Differences in gestational age at birth, birthweight and birthweight centile.Results  Infected babies were born or delivered earlier than uninfected babies: the mean difference for seroconverters before 20 weeks was −5.4 days (95% CI: −1.4, −9.4), and at 20 weeks or more, −2.6 days (95% CI: −0.5, −4.7). Congenital infection was associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery when seroconversion occurred before 20 weeks (OR 4.71; 95% CI: 2.03, 10.9). No significant differences were detected for birthweight or birthweight centile.Conclusion  Babies with congenital toxoplasmosis were born earlier than uninfected babies but the mechanism leading to shorter length of gestation is unknown. Congenital infection could precipitate early delivery or prompt caesarean section or induction of delivery. We found no evidence for a significant association between congenital toxoplasmosis and reduced birthweight or small for gestational age birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 10 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 25 (1987), S. 603-632 
    ISSN: 0066-4146
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 19 (1981), S. 319-356 
    ISSN: 0066-4146
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 222 (1969), S. 459-460 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The equipment comprised a photomultiplier type FW 130 ($20) feeding pulses to a bank of ten sealers which were activated in turn for one-tenth of the pulsar period. Although this gave only limited resolution of the pulse shape, it was adequate for the purpose and had advantages in detecting ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 219 (1968), S. 251-252 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The spectrum is quite unlike that of the Sco X-1 optical candidate1. It has, however, features in common with the central star of the planetary nebula NGG 5189, which has been suggested as an optical identification for the X-ray source Cen XR-2 (ref. 2). A spectrogram, taken by L. Searle, of this ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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