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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Tripod ligands ; Hindered rotation of vinylidene ligands ; CpML2 chelate ligands ; Ruthenium ; Carbenes ; Carbene-type ligands ; Cyclic voltammetry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The tripodal ligand [CH3C(CH2C5H4)(CH2PPh2)2]- reacts with RuCl2(PPh3)3 to produce CH3C(CH2-η5-C5H4)(CH2-η1-PPh2)2RuCl, [tripodCpL2RuCl], 1. Complex 1 undergoes substitution of the chlorine function with various nucleophiles L′ to produce [tripodCpL2RuL′]+. The carbonyl derivative (L′ = CO) 2, isonitrile (L′ = RNC) 3, nitrile compounds (L′ = RCN) 4, and a tolane adduct (L′ = η2-PhC≡CPh) 5 are obtained when 1 is treated with the appropriate ligands in polar solvents. Halide acceptors (e.g. TlPF6) are generally needed to promote these reactions. The cyanide derivative tripodCpL2RuCN (3a) is alkylated by F3CSO3CH3 to give the isonitrile derivative [tripodCpL2RuCNMe]+3b. Terminal alkynes HC≡CR produce vinylidene compounds [tripodCpL2RuL′]+, where L′ = C=CHR (R = tBu, 7b; R = Ph, 7c), or allenylidene derivatives, L′ = C=C=CPh2 (6), depending on the nature of R (R = CPh2OH for synthesis of 6). Trimethylsilylacetylene gives the parent vinylidene species, L′ = C=CH2 (7a), which is transformed to the Fischer-type carbene compound, L′ = C(OMe)Me (8), upon treatment with methanol. The vinylidene species 7 are deprotonated by NaOMe to produce the alkynyl compounds tripodCpL2RuC≡CR (9). Methylation of 9 with F3CSO3CH3 results in the vinylidene derivatives L′ = C=C(Me)R (R = tBu, 7d; R = Ph, 7e), having two organic substituents at the terminal carbon centre. For all vinylidene compounds with two different substituents at their terminal carbon atom, hindered rotation of the single-faced vinylidene π-ligand about its Ru-C bond is observed. Analysis by 31P-NMR spectroscopic coalescence measurements as well as line-shape analyses reveals activation enthalpies of around 40 kJmol-1 for this rotation, with small activation entropies of around ±10 Jmol-1K-1. Solid-state structures of nine compounds of the type [tripodCpL2RuL′]+n (n = 0, 1) demonstrate the remarkable conformational rigidity of the tripodCpL2Ru template. They also show that the possible strain imposed by linking the Cp ligand and the two donor groups L in one and the same chelate scaffolding does not appear to impose a serious steric strain on these templates.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: tripodMolybdenum(CO)3 compounds ; Conformational ensembles in solution ; Modelling NOE contacts ; MM2* Force field calculations ; Packing forces ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: NMR-NOE analysis of the three compounds (RRS/SSR)-CH3C(CH2PPhBz)3Mo(CO)3 (1), (RRR/SSS)-CH3C(CH2PPhBz)3Mo(CO)3 (2), and (RRR/SSS)-CH3C[CH2P(m-Xyl)Bz]3Mo(CO)3 (3), leads to experimental values for a number of intramolecular H···H contacts in each case. By the very nature of the NOE method, and with the type of molecules studied here, these values have to be understood as a Boltzmann weighted average over all the conformations accessible to the molecules in solution. - A Boltzmann weighted force field approach is used to predict these values on the basis of sets of force field parameters derived earlier for this class of compounds. The agreement between observed and calculated NOE distances is highly satisfactory in each case (rms = 0.2 Å to 0.3 Å). By a statistical analysis it is shown that the predictions made by applying this Boltzmann weighted force field approach are highly significant. There is only a chance of 3 in 100 000 that this quality of prediction might be obtained by chance. This is taken as a validation, albeit indirect, of the energy scale reproduced by the force field parameters as developed. The methods described give a detailed insight into the conformational flexibility of molecules of the type studied. Solid state structures of the molecules are also correctly modelled by the force field used.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chiral tripod ligands ; Tripod Mo(CO)3 compounds ; Diastereoselective synthesis ; Separation of diastereomers ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Following a procedure developed for H3CC[CH2P(Ph)2]3 (1a) as the starting compound, various tripod ligands RCH2C[CH2P(Ar)2]3 (1) have been transformed into the trilithiotriphosphides RCH2C[CH2P(Ar)(Li)]3 with various electrophiles R′  -  Hal leads to the two diastereomers of RCH2C[CH2P-(Ar)(R)]3 (6) with an (RRR/SSS : RRS/SSR) ratio close to the statistical value of 1:3, except when Ar=Ph and R′=Bzl, where the RRS/SSR diastereomer is obtained almost exclusively. In contrast, the reaction of [RCH2C[CH2P(Ar)(Li)[3]-Mo(CO)3 (4) with electrophiles R′  -  Hal tends to favour the formation of the homochiral RRR/SSS diastereomers. The triphosphide coordination compounds 4 are available by two different routes: either the complexes (RCH2C[CH2P-(Ar)(H)]3Mo(CO)3, obtained from 2 and (CH3CN)3Mo(CO)3, are deprotonated by MeLi, or the trilithiotriphosphides RCH2C[CH2P(Ar)(Li)]3 are reacted with (CH3CN)3Mo(CO)3 to produce 4 in high yields. The ration in which the two diastereomeric forms of 5 are obtained depends on the nature of the electrophile: the greatest diastereomeric discrimination is obtained for Ar=Ph, R=Ph, R′=Bzl, where the homochiral relative to the RRS/SSR pair. Two-dimensional NMR spectra and simulations of one-dimensional spectra are used to ascertain the diastereomeric excess in each case. X-ray analyses of three compounds of type 5 (5d, Ar=Ph, R=H, R′=Ph, R′=Bzl) indicate the remarkable conformational stability of the tripod metal scaffolding, with the conformations observed for these three compounds in three different solid-state environments being closely similar, even with respect to the torsional arrangement of the phosphorus-bound benzyl groups.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Tripod ligands ; Dienes ; Heterodienes ; η4-Coordination ; Hindered rotation ; Line-shape analysis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: CH3C(CH2PPh2)3CoCl (1) is easily accessible from CH3C(CH2PPh2)3CoCl2 by reduction with activated zinc powder. Upon dehalogenation with TlPF6, 1 reacts with dienes to give [tripodCoI-(η4-diene)]+ (2). The heterodienes acrolein and methyl vinyl ketone produce the analogous η4-heterodiene compounds 3. When crotonaldehyde is used as the potential η4-diene ligand, decarbonylation is observed leading to [tripodCoI-(CO)2]+ (4). Reaction of [tripodCoaq](BF4)2 with allyl mercaptan produces [tripodCoI-(η4-thioacrolein)]+ (3a) through dehydrogenation of the ligand precursor. 1,2-Diketones such as benzil and phenanthrenequinone do not coordinate in a η4 fashion but rather generate η2-coordinate enediolato ligands by an electron-transfer process, resulting in compounds of the type {tripodCoIII-[η2-RC(O)=C(O)R]}+ (5). All the compounds have been characterized by standard analytical and spectroscopic techniques, including X-ray analysis in some cases. Compounds 4 and 5 show trigonal-bipyramidal coordination in the solid state, whereas the coordination polyhedra in compounds 2 and 3 are better described as square-pyramidal. While a minimum of two phosphorus resonances might be expected for each of these coordination geometries, only one time-averaged signal is normally observed. Only with the η4-coordinated heterodienes acrolein, methyl vinyl ketone, and thioacrolein present in 3 is there a resolution of the signals of the three chemically distinct phosphorus nuclei at low temperatures. By 31P-NMR line-shape analysis, the activation barriers for the rotational reorientation of the heterodienes are found to be around ΔH≠ = 47 kJmol-1 for all three compounds 3.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Tripod molybdenum tricarbonyl compounds ; Conformational analysis in solution ; Dynamic NMR ; Force field calculations ; Activation barriers ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tripod metal entities tripodM are sterically congested systems. The conformations adopted by compounds CH3C(CH2PPh2)3-n[CH2P(oTol)2]nMo(CO)3 (n = 1: 1, n = 2: 2, n = 3: 3) will thus be largely determined by the repulsive forces acting in these molecules. The steric demand of the o-tolyl groups impedes their free rotation and enantiomerization processes referring to the compounds as a whole are sufficiently slow to permit their analysis by NMR techniques. Through a combination of line-shape analysis, EXSY methods, and coalescence experiments, the ΔG
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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