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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 50 (1992), S. 105-106 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Osteodystrophy ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Resorption ; Osteoclasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La profondeur moyenne de l'os érodé, par unité de temps, au niveau de centres de résorption, est musurée sur des biopsies osseuses, marquées à la tétracycline et prélevées au niveau de 16 patients en dialyse rénale périodique, d'un adolescent présentant un rachitisme rénal et de l'hyperparathyroidie secondaire, et de 2 femmes adultes atteintes d'hyperparathyroidie primitive. L'index de résorption cellulaire est sub-normal au niveau des surfaces d'os haversien de tous les groupes. Il est sub-normal au niveau des surfaces osseuses de l'endoste cortical dans le groupe sous dialyse. Le matériel biopsique était insuffisant pour établir l'index dans les deux autres groupes. Il apparait ainsi que les ostéoclastes individuels, provenant de cas d'hyperparathyroidie de longue durée, résorbent l'os plus lentement que dans des conditions normales.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die mittlere Tiefe von Knochenerosionen, die pro Zeiteinheit in den Resorptionszentren entstanden, wurde in Tetracyclin-markierten Knochenbiopsien gemessen. Die Biopsien stammten von 16 erwachsenen, periodisch hämodialysierten Patienten, ferner von einem Jugendlichen mit renaler Rachitis und sekundärem Hyperparathyreoidismus sowie von zwei erwachsenen Frauen mit erwiesenem Hyperparathyreoidismus. Dieser Index der Resorption auf cellulärer Ebene war in allen Gruppen subnormal, wenn er auf der Innenschicht der Haverschen Kanäle bestimmt wurde. Er war ebenfalls subnormal in der Gruppe dialysierter Patienten auf die cortico-endostale Knochenoberfläche bezogen. Bei den anderen zwei Gruppen konnte der Index für die letztgenannte Oberfläche nicht bestimmt werden, da zu wenig Material vorlag. Diese Resultate lassen vermuten, daß einzelne Osteoklasten in Fällen von langdauerndem Hyperparathyreoidismus beim Menschen den Knochen langsamer resorbieren als dies normalerweise der Fall ist.
    Notes: Abstract The mean depth of bone eroded in unit time at resorption centers was measured in tetracycline-labeled bone biopsies of 16 adult patients on periodic renal dialysis, of one adolescent boy with renal rickets and secondary hyperparathyroidism, and of two adult women with proven primary hyperparathyroidism. This index of cellular-level resorption was subnormal on haversian bone surfaces in all groups, and it was subnormal on cortical-endosteal bone surfaces in the dialysis group; there was insufficient material to evaluate the index on this latter surface in the other two groups. The results suggest that individual osteoclasts resorb bone more slowly than normal in naturally occurring human hyperparathyroid states of long standing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 52 (1993), S. 1-4 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Conclusion By 1990, the work and thought of legions led to a new paradigm of skeletal biology [1, 2, 8, 15–27]. It is not the product of one man or group, even though one group wrote more about it than others. Its strength and potential usefulness lie more in its basic concepts, the “common denominators” or connections in diverse facts, than in the facts themselves. It melds ideas and information from many branches of skeletal science so it has multidisciplinary roots and one could say its concepts lie on many “shelves” (including, in part anatomic, biochemical, biomechanical, cell biologic, clinical, and pathologic ones). It still evolves; it is fluid. This article offers a brief look at some concepts on its vital biomechanical shelf [28]. They can suggest the skeleton's mechanical usage story is more deeply involved in supposedly “medical” skeletal affections than anyone suspected a decade or more ago.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 181-200 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 12 (1973), S. 137-142 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Primary Hyperparathyroidism ; Bone Dynamics ; Tetracycline ; Labeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des biopsies non décalcifiées de côtes, marquées à la tétracycline, de 7 patients atteints d'hyperparathyroidisme primaire clinique et d'adénomes des parathyroides, sont examinées histologiquement pour étudier les remaniements osseux, imputables à la parathormone. De grandes variations imprévues du remaniement osseux statique et dynamique ont été notées dans ce groupe de patients cliniquement identiques. Il est difficile d'expliquer ces faits de façon satisfaisante.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Unentkalkte Tetracyclin-markierte Rippenbiopsien von 7 Patienten mit klinisch manifestem primären Hyperparathyreoidismus und nachgewiesenem Nebenschilddrüsenadenom werden histologisch auf den Einfluß des Parathormons auf den Knochenumbau untersucht. In dieser Gruppe klinisch gleichartig erkrankter Patienten fanden sich unerwartet große Unterschiede in den einzelnen Parametern des Knochenumbaus. Erklärungen für dieses Verhalten bleiben weiterhin spekulativ.
    Notes: Abstract Undecalcified tetracycline labeled rib biopsies of 7 patients with clinical primary hyperparathyroidism and proven adenoma of the parathyroid glands were examined histologically to study the bone remodeling effects of parathyroid hormone. Unexpectedly wide variations of the static and dynamic bone remodeling data in this group of clinically similar patients was found. Explanations for this conduct still remain highly speculative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 62 (1998), S. 89-94 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteopenia — Osteoporosis — Bone — Physiology — Pharmacology — Biomechanics.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Bone's biologic mechanisms adapt it to meet the needs of its mechanical usage and muscle strength. Modeling by drifts can increase bone strength and ``mass,'' BMU-based remodeling can conserve or reduce them, and neither can do the other's work. Under increasing forces on bone, modeling increases bone strength and ``mass'' and remodeling maintains the extra bone. In disuse, modeling turns OFF and remodeling reduces bone strength and ``mass'' to cause osteopenia. Osteopenia increases bone fragility as does bone microdamage, and they can coexist. Too little bone for one's mechanical usage and muscle strength can cause spontaneous fractures and/or bone pain. The bone-loss and tissue-dynamic patterns in acute and chronic disuse strongly copy the patterns in developing and established osteopenias in known medical conditions. Such things suggest that at least three osteoporosis variants can occur: (1) in physiologic osteopenias, bone strength and ``mass'' would decrease to correspond to reduced muscle strength and physical activity so that spontaneous fractures and bone pain would not occur. An intrinsic bone disorder would not cause this osteopenia, and fractures would only follow injuries, usually of extremity bones. (2) In ``true osteoporosis,'' bone strength and ``mass'' could not meet the needs of muscle strength and physical activities, so that spontaneous fractures and/or bone pain would occur, mainly in the spine. An intrinsic bone disorder would cause this affection. Of course, injuries could fracture extremity bones too. (3) Features of (1) and (2) could combine variably in ``combination states.'' These proposals have implications for the diagnosis, management, and study of the osteoporoses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 7 (1971), S. 76-80 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Pickets ; Bone ; Osteocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des couronnes périostéocytaires hypominéralisées au niveau de biopsies osseuses pratiquées, chez des patients, atteints de rachitisme résistant à la vitamine D, s'observent plus fréquemment autour d'ostéocytes jeunes que d'ostéocytes âgés. Ce fait indique qu'à un moment donné, cette hyperminéralisation périostéocytaire peut disparaitre et que, par consequence, il existe un intervalle de temps dans la minéralisation de la matrice organique périostéocytaire.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Höfe von schwach mineralisierten Periosteocyten werden in Knochenbiopsien von Patienten mit Vitamin D-resistenter Rachitis häufiger rings um die jungen als um die alten Osteocyten beobachtet. Es scheint somit, daß nach einiger Zeit die unvollständige Mineralisation, die auf Grund der Höfe angenommen werden werden kann, einen “Heilungsprozeß” erfährt und daß deshalb eine verzögerte Mineralisation der perlicunären organischen Matrix erfolgt.
    Notes: Abstract Udermineralized periosteocyte haloes in bone biopsies from patients with vtamin D-resistant rickets occur more frequently around young than around old osteocytes, indicating that in time the incomplete mineralization suggested by the haloes, undergoes a “healing” process and therefore there is a delay in the mineralization of the perilacunar organic matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 1-4 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Conclusion That it takes more than knowledge of the cell to master skeletal health and disease is not a new idea. Nevertheless, in this decade and like many who fund research, many molecular biologists believe their research is far more important than studies of the IO. An analogy with a message can suggest why one might argue for a more balanced view. An Analogy Question: Can a pile of stones hold water? Everybody the author put this question to pondered it for a while, sensing some catch and trying to perceive it. Then reluctantly, they said “No.” Yet there is a catch. Answer: A pile of stones can hold water when they line a well. Nothing in the abundant information one could accumulate by studying stones could predict the properties and functions of wells, nor the problems that could interfere with those functions. There are libraries full of information about stones, under headings such as civil engineering, crystallography, geology, mineralogy, mining, petrography, polarized light microscopy, seismology, and volcanology. The Message May the author suggest it is thus with skeletons too? Their IO is like a well; each has its own properties, purposes, and problems that one cannot predict solely from a knowledge of the elements that associate to form it. That all or even most information needed to understand and cure skeletal disease lies in the cell instead of the IO seems (at least to the author) as naive as the idea that to understand wells one should study the stones that line them instead of the wells themselves. Nevertheless, that idea pervaded skeletal thought and research during the 1950s–1980s; many viewed it as the truth. Today some molecular biologists begin to perceive the idea's limitations and try to combine molecular biologic knowledge with that of the IO, to seek a better balance between lumping and splitting. The need to understand skeletal cells is clearly a truth, but not the truth. The need to understand the skeletal IO is also a truth, but not the truth. Those views and efforts complement and need each other. Finding a better balance of knowledge about all levels of skeletal biologic organization and their interactions could require at least two things: better collaboration and communication between molecular biologists and others studying higher levels of skeletal organization, and mapping the information highway in Relation (1) that should participate in many diseases of skeletal tissues. Finishing such work should take time, debate, and evaluating new ideas on their merits instead of reacting to them as threats to accepted doctrine. It could entail resolving controversies and could become a fascinating, productive process to which each reader of these lines might contribute in some way.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Conclusion (1) Could future osteoporosis research begin to account for the things described in this editorial? (2) Could agencies that give grants to support that research begin to encourage that accounting? (3) Since the FDA guidelines have great influence on what osteoporosis research is done and not done, mitht revisions of the 1994 guidelines try to acknowledge those things?
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Diabetes ; Osteoporosis ; Mastodon ; Formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les comptages des densités de population d'ostéones secondaires permettent de déterminer le taux de formation d'os haversien sans utiliser un marquage tissulaire. Cette technique peut être appliquée à des specimens d'os paléontologiques et contemporains. A l'aide de cette technique, combinée à des marquages à la tétracycline, ces taux sont déterminés chez 180 sujets humains normaux, chez 10 diabétiques, 5 patients atteints d'ostéogenèse imparfaite et 17 femmes présentent une ostéoporose typique. La technique décrite ici est utilisée isolément sur de l'os de mastodonte. Chez les sujets normaux, une excellente concordance est observée entre les deux technique utilisées. Chez les diabétiques, les taux de formation, basée sur les comptages de population, sont diminués, mais dans des proportions moindres que celles déterminées par marquage à la tétracycline; une diminution dans la formation de l'os semble accompagner le développement de la maladie; elle ne semble pas exister pendant toute la durée de la vie. Au cours de l'ostéoporose, les taux, mesurés par les deux techniques, tombent au dessous de la normale, semblant ainsi indiquer qu'ils sont bas, au moment de l'apparition et de l'évolution de la maladie. Chez le mastodonte, le taux moyen de formation d'os est identique à celui de l'Homme et du Chien, lorsqu'on considère les moyennes entre la puberté et le milieu de la durée de vie totale.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Das Auszählen der Populationsdichte von sekundären Osteonen erlaubt es, die Haverssche Knochenbildungsgeschwindigkeit zu messen, ohne daß ein Gewebemarker eingesetzt werden muß, und zwar sowohl für paläontologische als auch für frische Knochenproben. Durch Anwendung dieser Technik zusammen mit Tetracyclinmarkierungen konnten solche Geschwindigkeiten bei 180 Normalpersonen, 10 Diabetikern, 5 Patienten mit Osteogenesis imperfecta und 17 Frauen mit symptomatischer Osteoporose gemessen werden; die neue Technik allein wurde auf einem Mastodon angewendet. Bei den Normalpersonen stimmten die Werte beider Methoden ausgezeichnet überein. Bei den Diabetikern war die aus der Populationszählung errechnete Bildungsgeschwindigkeit vermindert, jedoch in einem kleineren Ausmaß als die auf der Tetracyclinmarkierung basierende. Daraus ergibt sich, daß die verminderte Knochenbildung eher während der Entwicklung der Krankheit auftritt, als daß sie lebenslang bestehen bleibt. Bei Osteoporosepatienten fällt die mit beiden Methoden gemessene Geschwindigkeit unter die Norm, so daß sie niedrig ist, sowohl während der Entwicklung der Krankheit als auch bei bereits bestehenden Symptomen. Beim Mastodon war die mittlere Knochenbildungsgeschwindigkeit ähnlich wie der Mittelwert von jetzt lebenden Hunden und Menschen, wenn diese Geschwindigkeit in der Zeitspanne zwischen Pubertät und der mittleren Lebenszeit gemessen wird.
    Notes: Abstract Counts of the population densities of secondary osteons allow the determination of the haversian bone formation rate without the use of a tissue marker and can do so in paleontological as well as contemporary bone specimens. Using this technique, together with tetracycline markers, such rates were measured in 180 normal humans, in 10 diabetics, in 5 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta, and in 17 women with symptomatic osteoporosis; the new technique alone was used on a mastodon. In the normals, excellent agreement in values occurred between the tetracycline and population-based techniques. In diabetes, population-based formation rates were decreased, but to a lesser extent than tetracycline-based rates, implying that decreased bone formation accompanied development of the disease rather than existing throughout life. In osteoporosis, the rate fell below normal when measured by both methods, implying that it was low while the disease developed and the same after it had produced symptoms. In the mastodon, the mean bone formation rate was similar to that of comtemporary dogs and man when averaged between puberty and the middle of the total life span.
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