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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of intraduodenal administration of a low dose of cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonist (CR-1505) on plasma CCK concentration, intestinal CCK content, and levels of CCK mRNA (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of gastroenterology 30 (1995), S. 599-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: CCK ; gene expression ; CCK antagonist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of the intraduodenal administration of a low dose of CR-1505 for 3–7 days on the gene expression of cholecystokinin (CCK), plasma CCK concentration, and CCK content in the intestinal mucosa were examined in rats. The simultaneous changes of protein and enzyme content in the pancreas were also determined. CR-1505 was infused continuously into the duodenum at a dose of 3 mg/kg per day, calculated to correspond to a dose of 150–200 mg/day in humans. Seven days after the administration of CR-1505, a liquid meal (4.5 kcal/3 ml) was introduced into the stomach and changes in the intestinal CCK content and plasma CCK concentration were examined. The level of CCK mRNA in the intestine was significantly higher in rats treated with CR-1505 than in control rats. The plasma CCK concentration, the CCK content of the intestinal mucosa, and the composition of pancreatic enzymes did not significantly differ in rats treated with CR-1505 and the untreated controls. In control rats, the administration of the liquid meal increased the plasma CCK concentration and significantly decreased the intestinal CCK content in water extracts, but did not affect the amount extracts in acid whereas the ingestion of the meal did not cause any significant changes in rats treated with CR-1505. These findings indicate that a low dose of CR-1505 stimulates the gene expression of CCK without enhancing CCK release or exerting an effect on the pancreas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02367785
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical assessment of pancreatic diabetes caused by chronic pancreatitis (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of gastroenterology 33 (1998), S. 254-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: Key words: pancreatic diabetes ; chronic pancreatitis ; malnutrition ; angiopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Despite the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic pancreatitis, few studies of pancreatic diabetes have been reported. We investigated 154 patients with chronic pancreatitis, of whom 50% were diabetics, with special reference to the features and clinical course of pancreatic diabetes. We arrived to clarify the features of pancreatic diabetes by comparing pancreatic exocrine function in 112 patients with primary diabetes with findings in a separate group of 80 patients with chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatic diabetes is proposed as a type of diabetes in which exocrine pancreatic function is markedly decreased. Progressive and fatal angiopathies were found in patients with pancreatic diabetes after a long duration of diabetes. The present investigation suggests that treatment of malnutrition is necessary in patients with pancreatic diabetes and that control of blood glucose is often difficult in these patients because of the high incidence of insulin-induced hypoglycemic episodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005350050079
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in gene expression of cholecystokinin-A receptor after induction of pancreatitis by pancreatic duct occlusion in rats (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of gastroenterology 30 (1995), S. 683-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: CCK ; CCK-A receptor ; pancreatic duct occlusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Serial changes in the levels of cholecystokinin (CCK)-A receptor mRNA in the pancreas after pancreatic duct occlusion were examined in rats. CCK-A receptor mRNA level was determined by Northern blot analysis with a rat CCK-A-receptor cDNA probe. The level of CCK-A receptor mRNA first decreased, reaching the lowest level 7 days after occlusion, and then began to increase. On day 14, it had completely recovered to the control level and it remained at that level until 28 days after occlusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02367799
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of a new cholecystokinin antagonist (FK 480) on gene expression of cholecystokinin and secretin in rat intestine (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of gastroenterology 29 (1994), S. 385-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: CCK antagonist (FK 480) ; gene expression ; CCK ; secretin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of a new cholecystokinin (CCK) antagonist (FK 480; 0.1 mg/kg per day given by intragastric administration to rats for 3 days) on the expression of the CCK and secretin genes, plasma CCK immunoreactivity, and CCK content in the intestinal mucosa were examined. FK 480 increased the level of CCK mRNA in the intestine to 1.7 times the level in control rats, but did not affect the level of secretin mRNA. It did not increase plasma CCK immunoreactivity or CCK content in the intestinal mucosa. These results suggest that the ingested FK 480 directly increased CCK mRNA level in the intestine and produced a dissociation between the synthesis and release of CCK.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358383
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the cholecystokinin precursor gene in rat tissues (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of gastroenterology 29 (1994), S. 125-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: CCK ; mRNA ; PCR ; Northern analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cholecystokinin, a brain gut peptide that stimulates gall bladder contraction and pancreatic exocrine secretion, also acts as a neurotransmitter. In this study, we demonstrated that small amounts of cholecystokinin precursor mRNA were expressed in the heart, lung, and kidney, as well as in the brain and the small intestine. The nucleotide sequences of the coding regions of the cholecystokinin precursor mRNA in these tissues were identical to those of the small intestine, indicating that cholecystokinin precursor proteins produced in these tissues are identical to those in small intestine. This is the first report demonstrating that the cholecystokinin precursor gene is expressed in the heart, lung, and kidney, as well as in the gastrointestinal tract and brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358672
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetylcholine regulates glucagon secretion from human glucagonoma cells (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of gastroenterology 29 (1994), S. 797-799 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: in vitro ; glucagon ; glucagonoma cells ; carbachol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Human glucagonoma cells were isolated and maintained in vitro. Incubation experiments showed that carbachol (Cch) induced the simultaneous release of glucagon, VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) at levels significantly higher than basal levels. Atropine abolished the stimulatory effect of Cch on glucagon, VIP, and PP release. An immunohistological study of the tumor tissues revealed that the cells contained glucagon, VIP, and PP. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the in vitro release of glucagon from glucagonoma cells by Cch stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02349291
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in plasma and duodenal cholecystokinin concentrations after pancreatic duct occlusion in rats (1992)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 37 (1992), S. 369-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: pancreatic duct occlusion ; cholecystokinin ; rat ; pancreas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The changes in plasma and duodenal cholecystokinin (CCK) concentrations after pancreatic duct occlusion were examined in rats. The rats were sacrificed 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 30 days after occlusion of the duct. Histological examination showed acute inflammation on days 1 and 3 after duct occlusion, interstitial fibrosis and regenerative changes on days 7, 10, and 14, and pancreatic atrophy on day 30. The plasma CCK concentration increased from 0.45 pM to 2.0 pM after the occlusion and then remained high throughout the observation period. In contrast to the stable increase in plasma CCK concentration, the CCK content in the duodenum increased on days 1 and 3, decreased on day 7, increased on day 10, reaching over the control level on day 14, and then returned to the control level on day 30. Administration of boiled and 10-fold concentrated rat pancreatic juice or human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor for seven days after pancreatic duct occlusion reversed the decrease in duodenal CCK content. The major molecular forms of duodenal CCK were CCK-8, -33, and -58. These results indicate that (1) basal plasma CCK concentration did not reflect the duodenal CCK content, (2) duodenal CCK content was well correlated with a decrease in inflammation in the pancreas, and (3) a nonenzymatic component in the pancreatic juice reversed the decrease in duodenal CCK content and body weight caused by pancreatic duct occlusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01307730
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct, concentration-dependent inhibition by taurocholate of pancreatic exocrine secretion and CCK release in conscious rats (1994)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 39 (1994), S. 1544-1549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: taurocholate ; pancreatic secretion ; luminal feedback regulation ; cholecystokinin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In conscious rats, bile inhibits pancreatic secretion. The role of luminal taurocholate (TC), a major component of rat bile, in the regulation of pancreatic secretion was studied in conscious rats with external bile and pancreatic fistulae. On the fourth postoperative day, after the basal collection of bile and pancreatic juice (PJ) returned to the duodenum, graded doses of TC (0, 0.4, 4, 40 mM) containing 10 mM CaCl2 were infused into the duodenum instead of bile and PJ for 2 hr (1 ml/hr), with or without 1 mg/ml of porcine trypsin. Luminal trypsin activities were not affected by any dose of TC. The increases in pancreatic secretion in response to diversion of bile and PJ were progressively inhibited with increasing doses of infused TC from 0 mM to 4 mM both with and without trypsin infusion. The effects with 4 and 40 mM TC were not significantly different. Changes in plasma cholecystokinin concentrations roughly correlated with changes in protein output in rats without trypsin infusion. We concluded that TC directly inhibited pancreatic secretion independent of the luminal trypsin activity and that its inhibitory action was concentration dependent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02088062
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of intestinal concentration of cholecystokinin by bile and/or pancreatic juice (1993)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 38 (1993), S. 674-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: bile ; pancreatic secretion ; CCK
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pancreatic exocrine secretion in conscious rats is regulated by intraluminal bile and/or pancreatic juice. Exclusion of bile and/or pancreatic juice from the intestinal lumen caused cholecystokinin (CCK) release and stimulated pancreatic secretion. CCK in the plasma is mainly derived from endocrine cells in the proximal small intestinal mucosa. We examined the changes in CCK concentrations in the intestinal mucosa and compared them to those of plasma CCK concentrations and the changes of luminal trypsin activities after bile and/or pancreatic juice diversion in conscious rats. Rats with bile and pancreatic fistulae were used. Each treatment of bile, pancreatic juice, and bile-pancreatic juice diversion decreased luminal trypsin activity and increased plasma and intestinal CCK concentrations. The potency of the stimulatory effect on plasma and intestinal CCK concentrations was bilepancreatic juice diversion〉pancreatic juice diversion≧bile diversion. Neither plasma CCK concentration nor intestinal CCK concentration was in inverse proportion to trypsin activity. The plasma CCK concentration did not parallel intestinal CCK concentration. Intravenous infusion of CCK-8 (300 pmol/kg/hr) did not increase CCK concentration in the intestinal mucosa. It was proposed that bile and/or pancreatic juice in the intestinal lumen regulated CCK concentrations not only in the plasma but also in the intestinal mucosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01316799
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in luminal feedback regulation in the conscious rat (1989)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 34 (1989), S. 474-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: pancreatic polypeptide ; luminal feedback ; rat ; pancreas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The possibility of the involvement of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) release in luminal feedback regulation in the conscious rat was examined. Pancreatic secretion in the intestinal phase in the rat is regulated by negative feedback control so that a decrease in luminal protease activities produced by a diversion of bile-pancreatic juice (BPJ) from the intestine stimulates pancreatic secretion. Plasma concentration of rat PP and the effect of exogenous infusion of rat PP on pancreatic secretions during BPJ diversion were determined. Plasma PP concentration significantly increased with BPJ diversion and peaked at 90 min after BPJ diversion began, almost paralleling changes in protein output. Exogenous PP infusion (1, 2, and 10 Μg/kg/hr) inhibited pancreatic protein and fluid outputs but not the bicarbonate output during BPJ diversion. PP was shown to be physiologically released in the intestinal phase of pancreatic secretion; however, the physiological role of endogenous PP remains unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01536274
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