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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 3643-3646 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Studies with laser-induced pressure pulses show the existence of a piezoelectric monomorph polarization in 22–25-μm-thick PVDF films after irradiation with a 30-kV electron beam. The bending piezoelectric stress constant β31 and the tensile piezoelectric strain constant d31 were determined for such monomorph samples. Both β31 and d31 increase with increasing irradiation time and a linear relation between them is found. The highest values of β31 and d31 achieved are 90 nC/m and 3 pC/N, respectively. A theory is presented for a film with a step-shaped distribution of polarization along the thickness. A bending piezoelectric strain constant f31 is defined which relates the electric displacement to the stress gradient along the thickness. It is concluded that β31 is determined by the distribution of d31 and f31.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 29 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A bioassay procedure for quantitative determination of sulphonylurea herbicides is described. Turnips (Brassica rapa) were found very suitable as test plants and gave results within 10 days. Six sulphonylurea compounds were investigated for their activity in three widely differing soils. The potential availability to plants was calculated from the dose-response curves of vermiculite (non-sorptive substrate) and the corresponding ED50-values of the soils. The dose-response relationship (logistic curve) was described by a computer model by a position parameter, the slope of the curve and the minimum and maximum fresh weights of plants. The limit of quantitative detection in the range of ED30 in vermiculite was 0·06 μg 1−1 for sulfometuron and 1·03 μg 1−1 for DPX-L5300, methy12-([4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl (methyl)carbamoyl]-sulphamoyl) benzoate. Results with turnips showed that sulfometuron was the most active compound in all substrates (ED50 in vermiculite 0·12 μg 1−1) followed by chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, DPX-M6316, methyl 3-([(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)aminocarbamoyl]-aminosulphaphamoyl)-2-thiophenecarboxylate, and DPX-L5300 which had ED50 or 1·98 μg 1−1, The Horotiu sandy loam soil showed the highest ED50-values and the lowest plant availability for all compounds compared to the other soils. Probit and logistic evaluation methods for deriving dose-response relationships are compared and their applicability is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 33 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A bioassay procedure is described for quantitative determination of sulfonylurea herbicides in water and for studying their leaching behaviour in soils. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was found a more susceptible bioassay species than turnip (Brassica rapa L.) or lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.). The limit of quantitative detection (EC30) in soil leachates was 0.12 μg 1−1 for triasulfuron and 0.15 μg 1−1 for metsulfuron-methyl. Leaching experiments were carried out by uniformly packing the soil in glass columns corresponding to its natural bulk density and applying simulated irrigation of 50 mm day−1 with leachate water from untreated soil columns. Results obtained by measuring fresh weights of the true leaves of sunflowers in soil leachates showed that metsulfuron-methyl was much more mobile than triasulfuron in two soils with different sorption capacity. The BBA soil with low sorptive capacity showed very little retardation of both herbicides in the columns. The Horotiu soil with high sorptive capacity retarded triasulfuron for a long period, even under high flow conditions. Une technique d'essai biologique pour étudier l'aptitu.de au lessivage des herbicides sul-fony-lurées dans des différents sols Un protocole d'essai biologique est décrit pour la détermination quantitative des herbicides sulfonylurées dans l'eau, et pour l'étude de leur lessivage dans les sols. Le tournesol (Helianthus annuus) a été reconnu comme une espèce pour l'essai biologique plus sensible que le navet (Brassica rapa) ou la lentille (Lens culinaris). La limite de détection quantitative (EC30) dans le lessivat du sol a été 0,12 μg 1−1 pour le triasulfuron et 0,15 μg 1−1 pour le metsulfuron methyl. Des études de lessivage ont été con-duites en mettant unifomément du sol dans des colonnes de verre de façon équivalente à la densité naturelle dans le sol et en appliquant une irrigation simulée de 50 mm jour−1 avec de l'eau d'un lessivat de sol non traité. Les résult ats obtenus en mesurant le poids frais des feuilles vraies de tournesol dans les lessivats de sol ont montré que le metsulfuron-methyl était beau-coup plus mobile que le triasulfuron dans les 2 sols de capacités d'adsorption différentes. Le sol BBA avec une capacité d'adsorption faible a entraiîné un faible ralentissement des 2 herbicides dans les colonnes. Le sol Horotiu avec une capacité d'adsorption élevée a retardé le triasulfuron pendant une longue période, même sous des conditions de fortes précipitations. Biotestmethode zur Bestimmung des Ein-waschungsverhaltens von Sulfonyl-Harnstoff-herbiziden in unterschiedlich sorptiven Böden Eine Biotestmethode zum quantitativen Nach-weis von Sulfonyl-Harnstoffherbiziden in Was-serproben zur Bestimmung des Einwaschungs-verhaltens wurde entwickelt. Sonnenblume (Helianthus annuus L.) war unter den geprüf-ten Testpflanzen wesentlich empfindlicher als Herbstrübe (Brassica rapa L.) oder Linse (Lens culinaris Medic.). Als empfindlichste Meßgröße erwiesen sich die Echten Laubblätter der Sonnenblume. Die Nachweisgrenzen (EC30-Werte) in Bodenperkolatwasser lagen bei 0,12 μg 1−1 für Triasulfuron und 0,15 μg l−1 für Metsulf-uron-methyl. Die Einwaschungsversuche wurden in Glassäulen durchgeführt, wobei die Böden gleichmäßig entsprechend ihrer Lagerungsdichte gepackt wurden. Die Beregnung erfolgte mit 50 mm Perkolat/Tag, das von nicht mit Herbiziden behandelten Säulenversuchen vorab gewonnen wurde. In beiden, unterschiedlich sorptiven, Böden zeigte Met-sulfuron-methyl eine stärkere Einwaschung als Triasulfuron. Im schwach sorptiven BBA-Boden wurden beide Wirkstoffe kaum retardiert, während Triasulfuron im stark sorptiven Horotiu-Boden über einen langen Zeitraum, auch unter den extremen Flußraten, zurückgehalten wurde.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A Geographical Information System (GIS) was combined with a model for simulating leaching and degradation of herbicides. The model uses first–order kinetics to simulate degradation, and a cascade model to simulate transport. This system was tested with data from a 16 km2 research catchment in northern Germany. Geometrical, topological, and soil data of this area were stored in a GIS. For the whole area, divided into small homogeneous sites (ecotopes), model runs were carried out. The system is able to handle data for all ecotopes automatically and to present calculated results on the behaviour of herbicides as distributed over time and depth for the area. An application of ethofumesate made in sugar–beet in spring and recropping of winter wheat after beet harvest was modelled. Degradation/sorption parameters were estimated from similar soils. Simulation results showed slower degradation in the sandy sites of the catchment, compared to the more loamy regions. Residues of herbicide remaining after beet harvest were greater than 20% of the applied dose in the sandy soils after 150 days. Hence, high risk of damage to the following crop of winter wheat was predicted. At the other sites residues remaining were between 2% and 20% of the applied dose. Einbindung eines Simulationsmodells zum Herbizidverhalten in ein Geographisches Informationssystem–Beispiel zur schlagspezifischen AnwendungEin Geographisches Informationssystem (GIS) wurde mit einem Simulationsmodell für Herbizidabbau und –einwaschung kombiniert. Grundlage der Abbausimulation ist eine Kinetik 1. Ordnung, der Transport im Boden wird mit Hilfe eines Kaskadenmodells berechnet. Das System wurde in einem Intensiv–Untersuchungsgebiet (16 km2) in Norddeutschland getestet. Geometrische und topologische Daten der Fläche sowie Bodendaten sind im GIS gespeichert. Für die gesamte Fläche, die in kleine homogene Teilflächen (Ökotope) aufgeteilt wurde, wurden Simulationsberechnungen durchgeführt. Das System ist in der Lage, Daten für alle Ökotope automatisch bereitzustellen und die Ergebnisse zum Einwaschungs– und Abbauverhalten für die gesamte Fläche in ihrer Verteilung über Zeit und Tiefe darzustellen. Als Szenario wurde die Applikation von Ethofumesat in Zuckerrüben im Frühjahr mit einem Nachbau von Winterweizen nach der Rübenemte gewählt. Abbauund Sorptionsparameter waren in ähnlichen Böden ermittelt worden. Die Simulationsergebnisse zeigten einen langsameren Abbau in den sandigen Böden verglichen mit den lehmigen. In den sandigen Böden lagen die Rückstandsgehalte nach 150 Tagen übe 20 % der Ausgangskonzentration, wodurch ein hohes Nachbaurisiko für Winterweizen prognostiziert wurde. Für den Rest der Fläche lagen die Rückstände zwischen 2% und 20% der Ausgangskonzentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Meisenheim, etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung. 27:4 (1973:Okt./Dez.) 607 
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 50 (1967), S. 277-291 
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods 140 (1977), S. 397-400 
    ISSN: 0029-554X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 244 (1975), S. 213-235 
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Keywords: Nuclear reactions
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 307 (1978), S. 224-238 
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Keywords: Nuclear reactions
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 201 (1973), S. 1-20 
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Keywords: Nuclear reactions
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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