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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The UV-B and desiccation-tolerant terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc commune was grown under defined UV irradiation. Proteome changes were monitored in the membrane and the cytosolic and the extracellular fractions. Tools were developed to separate stress-triggered from growth stage-dependent changes. UV-B changed the relative cellular concentration of 493 out of 1350 protein spots at least by a factor of three, rendering the UV-B stimulon of N. commune the most complex one described so far. It comprises two different parts: an early shock response influencing 214 proteins and a late accli-mation response involving 279 proteins. The shock response comprised many membrane or membrane-associated proteins, whereas the acclimation re-sponse mainly changed cytosolic proteins. Most of the shock-induced changes were transient and did not overlap with the acclimation response. In the extracellular fraction, UV irradiation induced superoxide dismutase and the water stress protein. In total, 27 intracellular, UV-B-induced proteins were partially sequenced by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Three functional classes were identified: proteins involved in lipid metabolism, in carbohydrate metabolism and in regulatory pathways. About 50% of the sequenced proteins were homologous to cyanobacterial database entries with un-known function. Interestingly, all of these proteins belong to the UV-B acclimation response. We conclude that the UV-B shock response and the UV-B acclimation response represent two completely different and remarkably complex strategies of N. commune to protect itself against UV-B radiation in its natural environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Besonders mit Hilfe der isoelektrischon Fokussierung in Polyacrylamid-Gelen gelingt es, die Proteine von Traubenbeeren verschiedener Rebsorten aufgrund einer hohen Auflösung so stark zu differenzieren, daß Sortenunterschiede und Verwandtschaften bezüglich der Abstammung erkennbar werden. Mit diesen Methoden konnten auch die Isoenzyme von Phenolase, Peroxidase, Esterase und Malatdehydrogenase differenziert werden.
    Notes: Summary By means of iso-electrical focussing on poly- acrylamide-gels it is possible to differentiate the proteins of grape varieties so that genetical differences can be detected. Using this method, isoenzymes of phenolase, peroxidase, esterase and malatdehydrogenase also could be differentiated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 164 (1977), S. 160-162 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine einfache, kostensparende Methode zur Herstellung von Polyacrylamidgel-Folien für die isoelektrische Fokussierung beschrieben.
    Notes: Summary A simple, non expensive method for preparing polyacrylamide gel plates, beeing cast against a cellophan film as a support, for isoelectric focussing is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 156 (1974), S. 129-138 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das hohe Auflösungsvermögen der Disk-Elektrophorese und der isoelektrischen Fokussierung in Polyacrylamid-Gelen für Proteine erlaubte bei 16 Erdbeerarten, einer Artkreuzung mit mehrfachen Rückkreuzungen und 3 Sorten gut reproduzierbare Proteindifferenzierungen. Die Proteinpherogramme sind art- bzw. sortenspezifisch. Die Zymogramme zeigen bei Phenolase, Peroxidase, Esterase und Malatdehydrogenase eine erstaunliche Vielfalt an Isoenzymen.
    Notes: Summary The high resolving power of disc electrophoresis and isoelectrical focusing for proteins enabled well reproducable differentiations examplified on 16 species of strawberries, one hybrid species which was backcrossed several times and three varieties. The protein pherograms show species- and variety-specificity. The cymograms exhibit an astonishing diversity of isoenzymes in the case of phenolase, peroxidase, esterase and malate dehydrogenase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 159 (1975), S. 23-30 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Acetontrockenpulver, die sich für Protein- and teilweise such für Enzymanreicherungen vorzüglich eignen, wurden mit Puffern extrahiert. Die Trennung erfolgte mit Hilfe der Disk-Elektrophorese and der isoelektrischen Fokussierung. Die Proteinverteilungsmuster von 7 Fleischtomatensorten stimmen weitgehend überein. Bei Gurken, Zuckermais und Zwiebeln weisen die Proteinpherogramme auf Sortenabhängigkeiten hin. Die Zymogramme sind teilweise stark verschieden, was mcht nur auf Sortenunterschiede zuriickzufiihren ist. Die Arbeiten wurden durch den Forschungskreis der Ernährungsindustrie unterstützt. Wir danken Herrn Prof. Dr. D. Fritz, Institut für Gemüsebau der TU München-Weihenstephan, für die Überlassung des Materials.
    Notes: Summary Acetone-dry powders which are excellently suited for the enrichment of proteins and partially also for enzymes, have been extracted with buffers. Separation was accomplished using disc-electrophoresis and isoelectrical focussing. The protein distribution patterns of fleshy tomatoe varieties largly correspond to each other. In the protein distribution patterns of cucumbers, sugar-maize and onions, the protein pherograms indicate sort-dependency. The zymograms partially differ very much. This can not entirely be attributed to differences of the sorts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 174 (1982), S. 282-285 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Horizontal SDS electrophoresis of 18 legume seed protein extracts was performed in ultrathin-layer polyacrylamide gels on foil supports. Separation results of the SD S pore gradient electrophoresis (T=4–22.5%) are compared to those of SDS electrophoresis in a constant pore size gel (T=10%). Resolution as well as the sensitivity (0.1 μg protein per band) of the ultrathin-layer SDS pore-gradient electrophoresis were extremely high. Because of the very low gel thickness, separation, staining and drying were completed in substantially shorter times than achieved with conventional thick gels. An easy technique for casting ultrathin-layer (360 gm) concave gradient gels for 10 cm separation distance and a width of 25 cm is described. The even distribution of the concave exponential pore-gradient over the whole gel width is demonstrated. Molecular weights of the legume proteins are detected from 5,000 to 110,000 daltons. The protein patterns are genus- and species-specific.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die ausgezeichnete Trennschärfe der horizontalen Ultradünnschicht-SDS-Gradienten-gel Elektrophorese wird am Beispiel von Samenproteinen 18 verschiedener Leguminosengattungen, -arten und -sorten gezeigt. Es werden die Trennergebnisse der SDS-Elektrophorese mit Gelgradienten (T=4-22,5%) bzw. mit Gelen konstanter Porengröße (T=10%) verglichen. Das höchste Auslösungsvermögen und die beste Trennschärfe zeigen ultradünne Gradientengele. Die Nachweisempfindlichkeit ist bei allen Ultradünn-schicht-SDS-Elektrophoresen sehr hoch (0,1 μg Protein/Bande). Da die auf Folie polymerisierten Gele sehr dünn sind (360 μm) kann mit wesentlich verkürzten Trenn-, Färbe-, Entfärbe- und Trocknungszeiten gear-beitet werden. Es wird eine einfache Herstellung ultradünner Polyacrylamidgele mit exponentiellen konkaven Gradienten für die Trenndistanz von 10 cm mit einer Breite von 25 cm beschrieben. Die gerade und gleichmäßige Verteilung des Gradienten über die gesamte Gelbreite wird gezeigt. Mit der beschriebenen Methode werden bei den untersuchten Leguminosen-proteinen Molekulargewichte von 5 000 his 110 000 Dalton gefunden. Die Proteinmuster erweisen sich als gattungs- und artspezifisch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 168 (1979), S. 25-28 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine einfache, zeit- und kostensparende Methode zur Herstellung von ultradünnen (≥0,12 mm), auf Polyesterfolie polymerisierten Polyacrylamidgelen für die isoelektrische Fokussierung beschrieben. Die Vorteile der ultradünnschichtisoelektrischen Fokussierung gegenüber der herkömmlichen isoelektrischen Fokussierung in 1–2 mm dicken PAA-Gelen bezüglich Trennergebnis, Zeit- und Kostenaufwand werden ausführlich diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary A simple time and cost saving method is described for the preparation of ultrathin (≥0,12 mm) polyacrylamide gel layers, polymerized on a film of polyester, for isoelectric focusing. The advantages of the ultrathin-layer isoelectric focusing, in resolution, time and cost, are compared with the conventional isoelectric focusing in 1-2 mm thick polyacrylamide gel layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The human serum transferrin (Tf) system was analyzed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) with immobilized pH gradients. For the demonstration of the genetic variability the Fe1-Tf region was chosen. The pH range suitable for analysis of the Tf system was pH 5.20 to pH 5.75. The phenotypes of the common six TfC subtypes are described. No further heterogeneity among TfC1, TfC2, and TfC3 was noted. Also presented are the phenotypes of the TfC6 subtype, and of three different TfB and three different TfD variants. IEF with immobilized pH gradients appears to be a suitable method for the analysis of the inherited transferrin polymorphism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Legume seed proteins extracted with urea-containing buffer are fractionated by high-resolution 2D-electrophoresis (urea-IEF x pore gradient SDS-PAGE), both dimensions in horizontal ultrathin-layer polyacrylamide gel slabs. High reproducibility is obtained, because the first dimension is performed in a slab gel, where a large number of protein samples are separated under identical conditions. The gel of the first dimension (IEF) is fixed, stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue G 250, and destained before application to the second-dimension gel (SDS-PAGE). Prestaining of the focused proteins does not alter the protein pattern obtained after SDS electrophoresis. Thus, bands are made visible before separation in the second dimension, and the amount of Ampholine in the dye front is reduced during electrophoresis. The first-dimension gels can easily be stored in the destaining solution until they are run in the second dimension. As the proteins are fixed in the gel, there is no loss of proteins and defocusing of bands due to diffusion during the SDS-equilibration procedure. Loading of the dimensionstable gel strip onto the second dimension gel is a very easy operation, since the ultrathin gel strip adheres to a plastic foil and is simply laid into a moulded gel through. The gel strip is not imbedded with polymerizing acrylamide or agarose solution like in the conventional gel-rod-techniques, because a very good surface contact is obtained between the two flat gels.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit harnstoffhaltigen Tris-Glycin-Puffer extrahierte Leguminosensamen-Proteine werden mit der hochauflösenden 2D-Elektrophorese (Harnstoff-IEF x Gradientengel-SDS-Elektrophorese) aufgetrennt, wobei beide Dimensionen in horizontalen ultradünnen, auf Folie polymerisierten Polyacrylamid-Flachgelen durchgeführt werden. Die Flachgel-Focussierung (1. Dimension) erlaubt die Trennung einer großen Anzahl von Proteinproben unter identischen Bedingungen, wodurch die Reproduzierbarkeit von 2D-Elektrophoresen erheblich verbessert wird. Das Gel der ersten Dimension (IEF) wird mit Coomassie BB G 250 gefdrbt, bevor die einzelnen Gelstreifen für die zweite Dimension (Gradientengel-SDS-Elektrophorese) verwendet werden. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß die focussierten Proteine bereits vor dem zweiten Trennungsschritt sichtbar gemacht und zudem die Trägerampholyte in der Farbstoff Front bei der SDS-Elektrophorese stark vermindert werden. Die vorgefärbten Focussierungsgele können problemlos in der Entfärbelösung für die SDS-Gradientengel-Elektrophorese aufbewahrt werden. Der Proteinverlust und die Banden-diffusion bei der SDS-Aquilibrierung werden durch die Fixierung im Focussierungsgel verhindert. Das 2-D-Proteinmuster wird durch das Vorfärben der focussierten Proteine nicht verdndert. Die dimensionsstabilen, auf Folie polymerisierten Focussierungsstreifen lassen sich einfach handhaben und müssen nicht wie Rundgele an die zweite Dimension aufpolymerisiert werden. Der Gel-Gel-Kontakt der beiden Flachgele ist ohne weitere Hilfsmaßnahmen ausgezeichnet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ultrathin-layer sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis in combination with silver staining is a highly sensitive and rapid method for molecular size analysis of urinary proteins. First results are achieved after 4 h (electrophoretic run, 100 min, followed by Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining, 2 h). After additional silver staining, including a recycling step, the results are ready for evaluation within 7 h. Urine samples do not need to be concentrated. Within a single gel, 25-27 samples can be run side by side under identical conditions and thus compared without ambiguity. By coelectrophoresis of pure proteins and immunological analysis 13 urinary proteins could be identified and for 7 of them the detection limits were determined. Glomerular protein patterns in samples of urine with a protein concentration in the normal range are compared with the concentration of albumin and transferrin measured by a sensitive enzyme immunoassay. Typical renal and extrarenal protein patterns are shown.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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