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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formulation and in Vitro–in Vivo Evaluation of Buccoadhesive Morphine Sulfate Tablets (1994)
    Springer
    Pharmaceutical research 11 (1994), S. 231-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: morphine ; buccoadhesion ; compressed tablet ; inter-polymer complex ; buccal absorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Buccoadhesive controlled-release systems for the delivery of morphine sulfate were prepared by compression of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with carbomer (CP), which served as the bioactive adhesive compound. The release behavior of systems containing 30 mg of morphine sulfate and various amounts of the two polymers was found to be non-Fickian. The adhesion force was significantly affected by the mixing ratio of HPMC and CP in the tablet, and the weakest adhesion force was observed at a ratio of 1:1 (HPMC:CP). Interpolymer complex formation was confirmed between HPMC and CP in acidic medium by turbidity, viscosity, and FT-IR measurements. The amount absorbed (percentage of the drug loaded) of the controlled-release buccoadhesive tablets in six healthy volunteers and was 30 ± 5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018951323522
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyl terminated poly(butadiene)-g-poly(glycidyl azide) copolymer as a new energetic propellant binder (1996)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 36 (1996), S. 695-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Poly(glycidyl azide), PGA, was grafted onto Hydroxyl Terminated Poly(butadiene), HTPB, via free radical mechanism. PGA-macro azoinitator and HTPB polymer mixture was casted from solution and the polymer film was kept at 90°C for 4 hours. The grafted polymer was isolated from the product by fractional precipitation and characterized by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Graft copolymer structure was also confirmed that volume ratio of nonsolvent to the solution of the graft copolymer was between those of corresponding homopolymers. TGA traces of the block polymers were containing two different maxima at 253°C (for PGA units) and 469°C (for HTPB units). Because of the incompatibility of the blocks, DSC curve showed two Tg's which belong to the related segments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338632
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of some aromatic amino acids on the swelling behavior of acrylamide/maleic acid hydrogel (1998)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 40 (1998), S. 575-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Influence of some aromatic amino acids (histidine, phenylalanine and tryptophan) on the swelling behavior of acrylamide/maleic acid hydrogel (AAm/MA) prepared by γ-radiation was investigated. Swelling tests of AAm/MA hydrogel were made in buffer solutions and amino acid solutions at various pH at 37°C. The pH values are ionization of α-carboxyl groups (pK'1), α-amino groups (pK'2) and, isoelectric points (pI) of amino acids. The swelling of AAm/MA hydrogel increased when pH values of solutions were increased. The value of equilibrium swelling of AAm/MA hydrogel was 1035% at pH 10 buffer, while it was 880% at pH 2 buffer. The values of equilibrium swelling of AAm/MA hydrogel in phenylalanine, tryptophan and histidine solutions varied among 1130–1245% at pH 10, while they were among 790–975% at pH 2. The rate constant of swelling, diffusional exponent, network parameter and, diffusion and intrinsic diffusion coefficient were calculated by swelling kinetics. Diffusion of the penetrants into the hydrogel was found to be non-Fickian character. The diffusion coefficients of the hydrogel varied between 3.33×10−6– 7.71×10−6 cm 2s−1, while the intrinsic diffusion coefficients waried between 4.03×10−6– 8.48×10−6 cm 2s−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050293
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uranyl ion adsorptivity of N-vinyl 2-pyrrolidone/acrylonitrile copolymeric hydrogels containing amidoxime groups (2000)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 44 (2000), S. 593-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary N-vinyl 2-pyrrolidone (VP) / Acrylonitrile (AN) copolymeric hydrogels were synthesized by using γ-radiation and amidoximated for the purpose of uranyl ion adsorption. Optimum amidoximation time was determined by following the uranyl ion, UO2 2+, adsorption capacity. The adsorption of amidoximated copolymers was studied from different uranyl ion solutions (1000–1850 ppm). The results of all adsorption studies showed that the interaction between UO2 2+ and amidoxime groups comply with Langmuir type isotherm. The adsorption capacity was found as 0.54 g UO2 2+ /g dry amidoximated copolymeric hydrogels. From the stoichiometric calculations, it was found that the bonding between UO2 2+ and amidoxime groups is 1 to 4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890070083
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Swelling and dye adsorption properties of radiation induced N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone/acrylonitrile hydrogels (1998)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 41 (1998), S. 371-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Swollen hydrogels were prepared by γ-radiation copolymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and acrylonitrile. The influence of radiation dose and feed composition on the swelling properties, diffusional behavior of water and diffusion coefficients of the hydrogel systems were examined. N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone/acrylonitrile hydrogels were swollen in the range 50–850%. Water diffusion to the hydrogels generally was a non-Fickian type diffusion. The hydrogel were used in the studies of adsorption of some water soluble dye such as basic blue 9, tetraethyl rhodamine, xylidine ponceau 2R, indigo carmine, helianthin and erythrosine, and of a vitamin riboflavin (Vitamin B2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050376
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study on the adsorption of some cationic dyes onto acrylamide/itaconic acid hydrogels (1996)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 36 (1996), S. 745-752 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Acrylamide/itaconic acid (AAm/IA) hydrogels prepared by irradiating with γ radiation were used in experiments on the adsorption of some cationic dyes such as basic red 9 (BR 9), basic green 4 (BG 4), cresyl violet (CV), and basic blue 20 (BB 20). Adsorption of the cationic dyes onto AAm/IA hydrogels is studied by batch adsorption technique. In the experiments of the adsorption, Langmiur type adsorption in the Giles classification system was found. Monolayer coverages for AAm/IA hydrogel-dye systems were calculated by using B point method. Adsorption studies indicated that monolayer coverages of AAm/IA hydrogel by these dyes were increased with following order; BB 20〉CV〉BR9〉BG 4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00338639
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The releases of agrochemicals from radiation induced acrylamide/crotonic acid hydrogels (1998)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 41 (1998), S. 577-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The aim of this work was to test the application of new copolymeric poly(acrylamide/crotonic acid) (AAm/CA) hydrogels to agrochemicals (sodium 2,2 dichloropropionate (dalapon), ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and ammonium sulfate) releases. AAm/CA hydrogels containing agrochemicals is prepared by two different composition of crotonic acid and two different γ-rays doses. The herbiside such as sodium 2,2 dichloropropionate (dalapon) and fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and ammonium sulfate were trapped in the gels by including it in the feed mixture of radiation polymerization. The equilibrium swelling degree in water was between 1020% and 1840%. The swelling kinetics of the hydrogels were studied at 25 °C, and the initial swelling rate, swelling rate constant, maximum swelling, diffusional exponent and diffusion coefficient of the process were obtained. The concentration of the released of agrochemicals from the hydrogels was determined by conductivity measurements. The initial releasing rate, release rate constant, maximum concentration of releasing agrochemicals were calculated. As a result, if AAm/CA hydrogels containing agrochemicals were swelled in water, release of agrochemicals was increased with the raising of crotonic acid quantities in the hydrogel and γ-rays doses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050404
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between the swelling process and the releases of water soluble agrochemicals from radiation crosslinked acrylamide/itaconic acid copolymers (2000)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 45 (2000), S. 287-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary An attempt was made in this study to relate the releases of water soluble herbicide (sodium 2,2 dichloropropionate (Dowpon)) and model fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate and ammonium sulfate) from the cylindrical devices of radiation crosslinked poly(acrylamide/itaconic acid) (AAm/IA) copolymers with the swelling that may effect the release behaviour. AAm/IA copolymers containing agrochemicals are prepared by two different composition of itaconic acid and two different γ-rays doses. The agrochemicals were trapped in the gels by including it in the feed mixture of radiation polymerization. The equilibrium swelling, diffusional exponent, and diffusion and intrinsic diffusion coefficients of the process were obtained. The agrochemical dissolution was determined by conductimetric method. The maximum concentrations of releasing agrochemicals and initial releasing rates were calculated by using of second order kinetics equation. The agrochemical releases appeared to be controlled by swelling. As a result, if AAm/IA hydrogels containing agrochemicals were swelled in water, release of agrochemicals was decreased with the raising of γ-rays doses and itaconic acid quantities in the hydrogel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890070033
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Removal of some cationic dyes from aqueous solutions by acrylamide/itaconic acid hydrogels (1998)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 106 (1998), S. 369-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: adsoption ; cationic dyes ; hydrogel ; poly(acrylamide/itaconic acid) ; swelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Acrylamide/itaconic acid (AAm/IA) hydrogels prepared by irradiating with γ radiating were used in experiments on the uptake of some cationic dyes such as basic red 5 (BR-5), basic violet 3 (BV-3) and brilliant cresyl blue (BCB). The removal of the cationic dyes to AAm/IA hyrogels is studied by batch adsorption technique. In the experiments of the adsorption, L3 type (Langmiur) adsorption in Giles classification system was found. Adsorption studies indicated that monolayer coverages of AAm/IA hydrogel by these dyes were increased with following order; BCB 〉 BR-5 〉 BV-3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005046225301
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dependence of enzyme leakage on crosslink density in poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) hydrogels with immobilized urease (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 207 (1993), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Urease wurde in Hydrogelen immobilisiert, die durch Bestrahlen ternärer Mischungen von N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidon/Wasser/Vernetzer mit y-Strahlen hergestellt wurden. Als Vernetzer wurden Ethylenglycoldimethacrylat und Trimethylolpropan-triacrylat verwendet, wobei Hydrogele mit Unterschieden in Quellungsvermögen und Netzwerkdichte erhalten wurden. Die Aktivität der immobilisierten Urease wurde zeitlich im optimalen Temperatur- und pH-Bereich verfolgt. Während bei Hydrogelen mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht zwischen den Netzpunkten Mc 〉 2000 die Urease ausgewaschen wird, sind solche mit Mc 〈 2000 über einen längeren Zeitraum aktiv.
    Notes: Urease enzyme was immobilized in hydrogels prepared from vinyl pyrrolidone/water/crosslinking agent ternary mixtures by γ-irradiation of the solutions at room temperature. Two types of crosslinking agents used, namely ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and trimethylol propane triacrylate, yielded hydrogels with different swelling and crosslink density properties. The activity of immobilized urease was measured at the optimum conditions of temperature and pH over a period of time. It has been determined that for hydrogels with average molecular weights between crosslinks, Mc, above 2000, urease leakage is a serious problem. When Mc is around and below this value, immobilized systems showed a long time activity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1993.052070110
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