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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of acetate on the oxidation of sulfide by Rhodopseudomonas capsulata (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 129 (1981), S. 115-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Rhodopseudomonas capsulata ; Sulfide oxidation ; Continuous culture ; Transient states ; Acetate assimilation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The capacity to oxidize sulfide and the influence of the simultaneous presence of acetate in heterotrophically (acetate) and autotrophically (sulfide/CO2) grown Rhodopseudomonas capsulata was investigated. Sulfide oxidation of acetate-limited cultures was found inversely related to the specific growth rate. Upon acetate deprevation (metering pump stopped) increased rates of sulfide oxidation were observed. This points to the existence of a constitutive acceptor for the electrons from sulfide. It is suggested that a carrier functional in the light-induced cyclic electron flow operates as such. The rate of sulfide oxidation, however, is low when compared to autotrophically-grown cells. This is probably due to the low levels of Calvin cycle enzymes present in the acetate-grown cells. In cells growing on sulfide/CO2, the addition of acetate resulted in less sulfide being oxidized. Upon depletion of the acetate, the rate of sulfide oxidation again increased, however, insufficiently to maintain the accelerated growth rate. This indicates that under mixotrophic conditions the enzymes of the Calvin cycle are being synthesized to a far lesser extent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00455344
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival of Chromatium vinosum at low light intensities (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 125 (1980), S. 115-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Chromatium vinosum ; Low light intensity ; Maintenance ; Viability ; Turnover of macromolecules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of low irradiation on the viability of Chromatium vinosum was investigated. Cultures were precultivated at 1,000 lux (μ=0.1/h). Then, before the substrate was depleted, illumination was changed to either complete darkness or about 30 lux. Previously, the latter light intensity had been found not to promote growth. The parameters assayed were viability, protein, bacteriochlorophyll, ATP, RNA, DNA, absorbance (E 260) of the supernatant, and total anthron-positive material. The data show that irradiation insufficiently high to promote growth, results in viability percentages as high as 90% after 8 days, whereas cultures incubated in complete darkness are virtually dead by then. Neither in the light nor in the dark a degradation of protein or cell wall hexoses was observed. The RNA content also remained constant. However, particularly in the dark cultures DNA was found to decrease concomitant with increased E 260 readings of the supernatant. It is considered unlikely that such essential macromolecules are degraded to serve the maintenance energy requirements. The ecological impact of the observations is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403207
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphate-limited growth of Chromatium vinosum in continuous culture (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 157 (1992), S. 135-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Chromatium vinosum ; Phosphate ; Nutrient limitation ; Continuous culture ; Phototrophic bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromatium vinosum DSM 185 was grown in continuous culture at a constant dilution rate of 0.071 h-1 with sulfide as the only electron donor. The organism was subjected to conditions ranging from phosphate limitation (S R-phosphate=2.7 μM and S R-sulfide=1.8 mM) to sulfide limitation (S R-phosphate=86 μM and S R-sulfide=1.8 mM). At values of S R-phosphate below 7.5 μM the culture was washed out, whereas S R-phosphate above this value resulted in steady states. The saturation constant (K μ) for growth on phosphate was estimated to be between 2.6 and 4.1 μM. The specific phosphorus content of the cells increased from 0.30 to 0.85 μmol P mg-1 protein with increasing S R-phosphate. The specific rate of phosphate uptake increased with increasing S R-phosphate, and displayed a non-hyperbolic saturation relationship with respect to the concentration of phosphate in the inflowing medium. Approximation of a hyperbolic saturation function yielded a maximum uptake rate (V max) of 85 nmol P mg-1 protein h-1, and a saturation constant for uptake (K t) of 0.7 μM. When phosphate was supplied in excess 8.5% of the phosphate taken up by the cells was excreted as organic phosphorus at a specific rate of 8 nmol P mg-1 protein h-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00245281
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acclimation of the photosynthetic response of Chromatium vinosum to light-limiting conditions (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 170 (1998), S. 405-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Purple sulfur bacteria ; Light limitation ; Photosynthetic response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The photosynthetic response of the purple sulfur bacterium Chromatium vinosum DSM 185 to different degrees of illumination was analyzed. The microorganism was grown in continuous culture, and samples were taken from the effluent of the culture and incubated at different irradiances to determine the specific rate of sulfur oxidation as a measure of the photosynthetic activity of the organism. The activities obtained were plotted as a function of the specific rate of light uptake, and for each set of data a photosynthesis equation was fitted, which allowed the estimation of Pmax (photosynthetic capacity), qk (the threshold irradiance for light limitation), and m (maintenance coefficient). The results indicated that cells grown under light limitation are able to achieve higher photosynthetic activities than cells grown under light saturation. The photosynthetic capacity (Pmax) remained constant under all the conditions of illumination tested, while the maintenance expenses (m) were higher under light limitation. The parameter qk, on the contrary, decreased considerably at limiting irradiances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050660
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sulfide affinity of phototrophic bacteria in relation to the location of elemental sulfur (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 139 (1984), S. 289-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Chromatiaceae ; Chlorobiaceae ; Ectothiorhodospira ; Sulfide affinity ; Sulfide oxidation site ; Phototrophic bacteria (growth rates of)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seventeen strains of phototrophic bacteria (4 strains of Chromatium spp., 2 strains of Thiocapsa sp., 4 strains of Ectothiorhodospira spp., 2 strains of Rhodopseudomonas sp., and 5 strains of Chlorobium spp.) have been grown in sulfide-limited continuous cultures to assess the affinity for sulfide. It was found that the affinity (calculated as the initial slope of the specific growth rate versus the concentration of sulfide) is higher in those phototrophic bacteria that deposit elemental sulfur outside the cells, than in those bacteria that store the sulfur inside the cells. A hypothesis is presented to explain this correlation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408368
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and metabolism of the purple sulfur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina under combined light/dark and oxic/anoxic regimens (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 154 (1990), S. 459-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Thiocapsa ; Chromatiaceae ; Purple sulfur bacteria ; Light/dark regimens ; Oxic/anoxic regimens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The dominant purple sulfur bacterium of laminated sediment ecosystems in temperate environments, Thiocapsa roseopersicina, was cultivated in sulfide-limited continuous cultures (D=0.03 h-1) subjected to various combined diel regimen of aeration and illumination in order to simulate environmental conditions in microbial mats. For comparison, cultures were grown under similar illumination regimens but continuously anoxic conditions. Bacteriochlorophyll a (BChla) and carotenoid synthesis was restricted to anoxic-dark periods and did not occur during oxic-light periods. An increase in the length of the oxic-light periods resulted in decreased pigment contents. However, phototrophic growth remained possible even at 20 h oxic-light/4 h anoxic-dark regimens. When anoxic conditions were maintained throughtout, BChla synthesis occurred both during light and dark periods. Glycogen was synthesized in the light and degraded in the dark. Calculations showed that degradation of 1/4–1/5 of the glycogen is sufficient to account for the BChla and carotenoid synthesis in the dark. The data showed that T. roseopersicina is very well adapted to cope with the combined oxygen and light regimes as they occur in microbial mats, which may explain the dominance of this bacterium in the purple layer of these sediment ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00245228
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of light/dark regimen on growth rate, biomass formation and bacteriochlorophyll synthesis in Erythromicrobium hydrolyticum (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 159 (1993), S. 84-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Erythromicrobium ; Erythrobacteria ; Aerobic bacteriochlorophyll a containing bacteria (ABB) ; Biomass formation in the light ; Continuous culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The impact of illumination on specific growth rate, biomass formation, and synthesis of photopigment was studied in Erythromicrobium hydrolyticum, an obligately aerobic heterotrophic bacterium having the ability to synthesize bacteriochlorophyll a. In dark-grown continuous cultures the concentration of protein increased with increasing dilution rate, the concentration of bacteriochlorophyll a showed the opposite effect. At a dilution rate of 0.08 h-1 (68% of μmax in the dark) and SR-acetate of 11.8 mM, the concentration of BChla of illuminated cultures in steady-state was 11–22 nM, compared to 230–241 nM in cultures incubated in darkness. No significant differences were observed in the concentration of protein. A shift from darkness to light conditions resulted in increased specific growth rates resulting in increased biomass formation, thus showing that light enhances growth by serving as an additional energy source. This phenomenon, however, was temporary because bacteriochlorophyll synthesis is inhibited by light. In contrast to incubation in continuous light or dark, incubation under light/dark regimen resulted in permanently enhanced biomass formation. In the dark periods, bacteriochlorophyll was synthesized at elevated rates (compared to constant darkness), thus compensating the inhibitory effect of light in the preceding period. It thus appears that the organism is well-adpated to life in environments with alternating light/dark conditions. The ecological relevance of the observations is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00244268
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Search for polythionates in cultures of Chromatium vinosum after sulfide incubation (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 153 (1990), S. 432-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Chromatium vinosum ; Phototrophic bacteria ; Polysulfides ; Polythionates ; Elemental sulfur ; Sulfur globules ; Ion chromatography ; HPLC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cultures of Chromatium vinosum, devoid of sulfur globules, were supplemented with sulfide and incubated under anoxic conditions in the light. The concentrations of sulfide, polysulfides, thiosulfate, polythionates and elemental sulfur (sulfur rings) were monitored for 3 days by ion-chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC. While sulfide disappeared rapidly, thiosulfate and elemental sulfur (S6, S7 S8 rings) were formed. After sulfide depletion, the concentration of thiosulfate decreased fairly rapidly, but elemental sulfur was oxidized very slowly to sulfate. Neither polysulfides (S x 2− ), polythionates (SnO 6 2− , n=4–6), nor other polysulfur compounds could be detected, which is in accordance with the fact that sulfide-grown cells were able to oxidize polysulfide without lag. The nature of the intracellular sulfur globules is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00248423
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of elemental sulfur by green and purple sulfur bacteria (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 146 (1986), S. 52-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Chlorobium ; Chromatium ; Continuous culture ; Sulfide limitation ; Extracellular/intracellular sulfur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The utilization of sulfide by phototrophic sulfur bacteria temporarily results in the accumulation of elemental sulfur. In the green sulfur bacteria (Chlorobiaceae), the sulfur is deposited outside the cells, whereas in the purple sulfur bacteria (Chromatiaceae) sulfur is found intracellularly. Consequently, in the latter case, sulfur is unattainable for other individuals. Attempts were made to analyze the impact of the formation of extracellular elemental sulfur compared to the deposition of intracellular sulfur. According to the theory of the continuous cultivation of microorganisms, the steady-state concentration of the limiting substrate is unaffected by the reservoir concentration (S R). It was observed in sulfide-limited continuous cultures ofChlorobium limicola f.thiosulfatophilum that higherS R values not only resulted in higher steady-state population densities, but also in increased steady-state concentrations of elemental sulfur. Similar phenomena were observed in sulfide-limited cultures ofChromatium vinosum. It was concluded that the elemental sulfur produced byChlorobium, althouth being deposited extracellularly, is not easily available for other individuals, and apparently remains (in part) attached to the cells. The ecological significance of the data is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690158
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilization of reducing power in light-limited cultures of Chromatiumvinosum DSM 185 (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 170 (1998), S. 411-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Phototrophic sulfur bacteria ; Reducing power ; Light limitation ; Storage compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study describes how the phototrophic organism Chromatium vinosum, when grown under different degrees of light limitation, distributes the reducing power initially present in the medium as hydrogen sulfide. Under all the conditions of illumination tested, sulfur was the major store of reducing power. Glycogen, which was virtually absent under light limitation, accounted for 31.6% of the stored reducing power at saturating irradiances. Analysis of the electron budget showed that under light-limiting conditions, an important fraction of reducing power did not appear in storage products or in structural cell material. Analysis of dissolved organic carbon in the supernatant of the culture indicated the excretion of organic compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050661
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