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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 26 (1973), S. 179-184 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral Arteries ; Fusiform Aneurysm ; Medianecrosis idiopathica ; Marfan's Syndrome ; Megadolichobasilaris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Degenerative processes of the tunica media are reported with increasing frequency among the causes of a dissecting aneurysm in the wall of large arteries. The underlying process is supposed to be a necrosis or degeneration of elastic tissue and smooth muscle cells, occurring either in idiopathic necrosis of the media (Gsell-Erdheim) or in systemic disorders as Marfan's syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Ehlers-Danlos-syndrome and homocystinuria. Neurological symptoms in these conditions are attributed to disturbances of general circulation but not to involvement of cerebral arteries. The findings in 3 young patients are reported (1 Marfan's syndrome, 2 patients with medianecrosis of large arteries) exhibiting the characteristic histological changes in the media of the cerebral arteries, too. Possible connections between such degenerative diseases of the tunica media and the origin of fusiform aneurysms or the “megadolicho-basilaris syndrome” of cerebral arteries are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 30 (1967), S. 155-168 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Besides primary visceromotor and viscerosensory nuclear regions integration centers for the central regulation of metabolism and the central representation of the vegetative nervous system are located in the brain stem. The neuroanatomical localization of the visceromotor and viscerosensory functions is fully known. For the localization of the integration centers however the knowledge is still very incomplete. Comparative anatomy and histology—especially in the case of primates—can contribute to a better correlation of morphology and function. As an example of primary vegetative nuclear regions some particularities of the nucleus vagus dorsalis and the nucleus tractus solitarii were discussed. In the formatio reticularis a congruence of the fundamental structural pattern was found besides some signs of differences between the species. In the case of individual forms of nervous cells also differences are found in the cytoplasma structure. A phylogenetic and there-with perhaps also a functional constancy is found in the example of the nucleus supratrochlearis. On the other hand, the nucleus compactus suprafascicularis shows marked differences of the cytoarchitecture among the mammalians. These phylogenetical differences correspond to its functional importance within the limbic system and illustrate the close contact of nuclei and tracts of the limbic system with the centers for vegetative regulation in the brain stem.
    Abstract: Résumé Dans le tronc cérébral se trouvent, à côté de régions nucléaires primairement viscéromotrices et viscérosensorielles, des centres d'intégration pour le réglage central du métabolisme et la représentation centrale du système nerveux végétatif. La localisation neuroanatomique des fonctions viscéromotrices et viscérosensorielles est parfaitement connue. Toutefois, pour les centres d'intégration, elle est encore très imparfaite. L'anatomie et l'histologie comparées — surtout chez les primates —peuvent notamment contribuer à une meilleure corrélation de la morphologie et de la fonction. Comme exemple de régions nucléaires primairement végétatives, on discute de particularités du nucleus vagus dorsal et du nucleus tractus solitarii. Dans la formatio reticularis on trouve une correspondance du plan fondamental de structure à côté d'indices de différenciation spécifique d'espèce. Dans des formes individuelles de cellules nerveuses on trouve aussi des différences spécifiques d'espèce dans la structure du cytoplasma. Une constance phylogénétique, et par là peut-être aussi fonctionnelle d'une région nucléaire, se trouve dans le cas du nucleus supratrochlearis. Par contre, le nucleus compactus suprafascicularis présente des différences marquées de la cytoarchitectonique à l'intérieur de la série des mammifères. Ces différences phylogénétiques correspondent à son importance fonctionnelle à l'intérieur du système limbique et prouvent l'entrelacement étroit de noyaux et canaux du système limbique avec le réglage végétatif central du tronc cérébral.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im Hirnstamm liegen neben primär visceromotorischen und viscerosensorischen Kerngebieten Integrationszentren für die zentrale Stoffwechselregulation und die zentrale Repräsentation des vegetativen Nervensystems. Die neuroanatomische Lokalisation der visceromotorischen und viscerosensorischen Funktionen ist vollständig bekannt. Für die Integrationszentren ist die Kenntnis der Lokalisation jedoch noch sehr unvollkommen. Zu einer besseren Korrelation von Morphologie und Funktion können unter anderem vergleichende Anatomie und Histologie — insbesondere bei Primaten — beitragen. Als Beispiel für primär vegetative Kerngebiete werden Besonderheiten des dorsalen Vaguskernes und Nucleus tractus solitarii besprochen. In der Formatio reticularis ergibt sich eine Übereinstimmung des Grundbauplanes neben Zeichen artspezifische Unterschiede in der Cytoplasmastruktur. Phylogenetische und damit vielleicht auch funktionelle Konstanz eines Kerngebietes findet sich beim Nucleus supratrochlearis. Ausgeprägte Differenzen der Cytoarchitektonik innerhalb der Säugetierreihe weist dagegen der Nucleus compactus suprafascicularis auf. Diese phylogenetischen Unterschiede entsprechen seiner funktionellen Bedeutung innerhalb des limbischen Systems und belegen die enge Verflechtung von Kernen und Bahnen des limbischen Systems mit der zentralen vegetativen Regulation des Hirnstammes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 413 (1988), S. 573-580 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Guillain-Barré syndrome ; Autonomic nervous system ; Sudden cardiac death ; Neuritis cordis ; mmunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three patients with the Guillain-Barré syndrome which followed the course of Landry's acute ascending paralysis died a sudden cardiac death. Autonomic dysfunction had appeared clinically, consisting of sphincter disturbances in one patient and fluctuating blood pressure and bradycardia in the other. In a twenty-three year old female patient cardiac function had been inconspicuous, apart from tachycardia, but the ECG showed S-T segment depression and flat T waves. Postmortem examination revealed acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuritis involving the peripheral autonomic nervous system and especially the nerves of the heart. Immunohistochemically, the inflammatory cell infiltrations of this neuritis cordis consisted of macrophages (MAC 387 positive) and T lymphocytes (UCHL1 positive). No indication of a direct viral infection of the inflamed cardiac nerves was detectable by immunohistochemistry (HSV, CMV, influenza virus) nor by electron microscopy. The neuritis cordis was classified as an inflammatory cardioneuropathy secondary to a patchy acute polyneuritis of the Guillain-Barré syndrome, involving the autonomic nervous system. Myocarditis could be discounted, and the neuritis cordis was thought to be responsible for the sudden cardiac death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Human ; Spinal cord trauma ; Axon ; regeneration ; Nerve growth factor receptor ; Schwann cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the effects of Schwann cells and nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) on the regeneration of axons, autopsy specimens of spinal cord from 21 patients with a survival time of 2 h to 54 years after spinal cord trauma were studied using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Regenerating sprouts of axons could be observed as early as 4 days after trauma. At 4.5 months after trauma, many regenerating nests of axons appeared in the injured spinal cord. The regeneration nests contained directionally arranged axons and Schwann cells. Some axons were myelinated. In injured levels of the spinal cord, the Schwann cells exhibited an increased expression of NGFR within spinal roots. These results show that an active regeneration process occurs in traumatically injured human spinal cord. The NGFR expressed on Schwann cells could mediate NGF to support and induce the axon regeneration in the central nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 80 (1978), S. 255-258 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: EncephalopathiaWernicke ; Chronischer Alkoholismus, Verkehrstauglichkeit ; Verkehrstauglichkeit, chronischer Alkoholismus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die „Wernicke'sche Encephalopathie“ als eine der Folgen des chronischen Alkoholismus wird hinsichtlich ihrer Auswirkungen auf die Verkehrstauglichkeit besprochen. Anhand von 33 Fällen werden die neurologischen Symptome aufgezeigt, und es wird auf die möglichen Persönlichkeitsdefekte bei thalamischen Schädigungen und abortiven Krankheitsformen hingewiesen.
    Notes: Summary „Wernicke's encephalopathy“, as one of the sequelae of chronic alcoholism, is discussed with regard to its effects on driving ability. The neurological symptoms are presented with reference to 33 cases and the possible personality defects with thalamic lesions and abortive types of disease are emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 17 (1994), S. 37-41 
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Syringomyelia ; syringo-pleural shunt ; syringo-subarachnoid shunt
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-two patients suffering from syringomyelia were treated operatively. Different shunt procedures were performed. Most often syringo-subarachnoid shunt (seven cases) and syringopleural shunt (eight cases) were used. Operative findings and complications were discussed. Postoperative improvement was observed in five patients, twelve were stable-unchanged, four showed further deterioration and one died. Operative treatment should be performed before gross neurological deficit is established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; amyloid angiopathy ; intracranial hemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages can occur in patients with severe amyloid angiopathy and other morphological signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We observed 15 patients in whom histological examination of brain tissue specimens obtained at surgery revealed characteristic congophilic amyloid deposits in subcortical arteries and/or nerve cells. Clinical follow-up examinations were carried out up to 9 years after diagnosis. In addition, three survivors from the operated group were investigated by neuropsychological testing and single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) using Tc-99m-HMPAO for determination of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). SPECT could not differentiate between the “typical Alzheimer disease pattern” of bilateral temporo-parietal rCBF reduction and flow deficits resulting from previous hemorrhage. Intellectual functioning was found to be impaired to various degrees ranging from normal function to severe dementia (MMS test scores varied between 15 and 26 points); again, it was difficult to differentiate clinically between the nosologic entities mentioned above. On the basis of our present experience we cannot distinguish between brain dysfunction due to Alzheimer's disease and intracranial hemorrhage from amyloid angiopathy. This supports the idea that intracranial hemorrhage may only be one clinical manifestation of amyloid deposits, another one being “Alzheimer's disease” with varying preponderance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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