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  • 1
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The paper is concerned with the laws govering the elution of 21 aliphatic and 14 heterocyclic sulfur-containing compounds from columns packed with Apiezon M, Triton X-305 and polyethylene glycol 1000 (PEG 1000) at 130°C. The retention indices obtained were compared with those published for oxygen-containing analogs. The gas chromatographic behaviour of the sulfur and oxygen containing substances revealed an analogy expressed in the form of linear equations involving the retention indices of the corresponding compounds. The proposed equations can be employed to identify hardly available organosulfur compounds by using the retention indices of their oxygen containing analogs. The paper also discusses the inversion phenomenon in the elution sequence of some compounds having S-or-O-groups. The elution order depends on the polarity of the stationary phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 4 (1971), S. 250-258 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden Gleichungen abgeleitet, mit deren Hilfe sich aus den Retentions-Indices (I) die Verteilungskoeffizienten (K) und die partiellen molaren Enthalpien (ΔHs), Entropien (ΔSs) und freien Energien (ΔGs) einer Lösung abschätzen lassen. Die auf Apiezon-M oder Polyäthylenglykol-1000 erhaltenen Werte für I und V g o wurden zur Berechnung von ΔHs für Benzol und eine Anzahl organischer Schwefelverbindungen bei 60 bis 100 °C verwendet. Die Diskrepanz zwischen beiden Methoden übersteigt nicht ±0,3 kcal/Mol. Für einige Verbindungen wurden die ΔHs-Werte auf SE-30, PEG-20.000, XF-1150, Triton X-305 und die K-Werte auf Squalan bei 80 °C unter Verwendung der vorgeschlagenen Gleichungen und des I aus denReynolds'schen Tafeln berechnet. Generell ist die übereinstimmung mit der üblichen Berechnung über V g o besser als 1 %. Eine weitere Gleichung wurde abgeleitet, um die Selektivität der stationären Phasen aus den Retentionsindices abzuschätzen. Die Gleichung gibt den Trennfaktor (αi, j), den relativen Aktivitätskoeffizienten (γ i, j ∞ ) und die Unterschiede in den partiellen molaren freien Energien (ΔΔGE), Enthalpien (ΔΔHE) bzw. Entropien (ΔΔSE) der Mischung an. Die Gleichung wurde zur Abschätzung der Selektivität von Apiezon M und PEG 1000 gegenüber drei verschiedenen organischen Schwefelverbindungen verwendet, nämlich Di-n-propylsulfid, n-Hexylmercaptan und Diäthyldisulfid.
    Abstract: Résumé On établit des équations qui utilisent les indices de rétention (I) pour estimer les coefficients de partage (K), ainsi que les enthalpies molaires partielles (ΔHs), les entropies (ΔSs) et les énergies libres (ΔGs) d'une solution. Les valeurs I et V g o obtenues sur Apiezon-M ou sur Polyéthylène-glycol 1000 ont été employées pour calculer les ΔHs de benzène et de plusieurs composés organiques du soufre entre 60 et 100 °C. La divergence entre les résultats obtenus par les deux méthodes n'excède pas ±0,3 kcal/mole. Les valeurs de ΔHs de quelques composés ont été obtenues sur SE-30, PEG-20.000, XF-1150, Triton X-305, et les valeurs K sur Squalane à 80 °C, à l'aide des équations proposées et des valeurs I prises des tableaux deReynolds. En général, la concordance entre ces valeurs et celles calculées des V g o , méthode employé normalement, est meilleure que 1 %. Une autre équation est établie pour estimer la sélectivité des phases fixes à partir des indices de rétention. L'équation comprend le facteur de séparation (αi, j), le coefficient relatif d'activité (γ i, j ∞ ), ainsi que les différences dans les énergies libres partieles molaires (ΔΔGE), les enthalpies (ΔΔHE), ou les entropies (ΔΔSE) de mélange. L'équation a été employée pour estimer la sélectivité de l'Apiezon-M et du PEG 1000 pour trois types de composés organiques du soufre: di-n-propyl sulfure, n-hexyl mercaptan, et di-éthyl disulfure.
    Notes: Summary Equations are derived which use the retention indices (I) to estimate the partition coefficients (K) and the partial molar enthalpies (ΔHs), entropies (ΔSs), and free energies (ΔGs), of solution. The values of I and V g o obtained on Apiezon-M or Polyethylenglycol-1000 have been used to calculate ΔHs of benzene and a number of organic sulfur compounds at 60 to 100°C. The discrepancy between the two methods is not in excess of ±0.3 kcal/mole. ΔHs of some compounds in SE-30, PEG-20,000, XF-1150, Triton X-305 and the values of K in Squalane at 80 °C have been calculated with the use of the proposed equations and I fromMcReynolds' tables. As a rule, the agreement with the usual calculation through V g o is better than 1%. Another equation is derived to estimate the selectivity of the stationary phases from the retention indices. The equation gives the separation factor (αi, j), the relative activity coefficient (γ i, j ∞ ) and the differences in the partial molar free energies (ΔΔGE), enthalpies (ΔΔHE), or entropies (ΔΔSE), of mixing. The equation has been used to estimate the selectivity of Apiezon-M and PEG-1000 towards three types of organic sulfur compounds, di-n-propyl sulfide, n-hexyl mercaptan, and diethyl disufide.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Substituted furans and thiophenes ; Prediction of retention indices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Methyl, formyl and acetyl substituted furans and thiophenes were investigated on glass and fused-silica, capillary columns coated with SE-30, OV-101, OV-17 and CW-40M stationary phases at 100°C and in temperature programming. The contribution of these groups to the retention indices of furans and thiophenes was determined. It was found that contributions of identical substituents differ according to the nature of the heterocycle, their position relative to the heteroatom and other neighbouring groups. Prediction of retention indices of substituted thiophenes and furans may be carried out two ways: by analogy with the GC behaviour of these compounds and from the variability of the contributions of identical substituents in the heterocycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary It has been found that sodium triphosphate can be used successfully instead of an alkali for the modification of a support in the gas chromatographic analysis of amines. A possible mechanism explaining the interaction of the salt with amines is discussed. The chromatographic behavior of primary, secondary and tertiary n-aliphatic amines for four columns prepared with the following liquid phases: Apiezon L, Triton X-305, polyethylene glycol 1000 and tetrahydroxyethylethylenediamine + polyethylene glycol 1000 has been investigated and the method of identification of amine mixtures is discussed. Equations describing the dependente of the retention indices on the number of carbon atoms in n-aliphatic amines and their boiling points have been established.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: capillary gas-liquid chromatography ; N-alkyl-substituted piperidines ; morpholines and thiomorpholines ; cyclohexyl-n-alkanes ; partial molar free energy ; enthalpy and entropy of sorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The values of partial molar free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) of sorption in the homologous series ofN-alkylpiperidines,N-alkylmorpholines,N-alkyl thiomorpholines, and alkylcyclohexanes were determined. It was found that the free energy of sorption is determined to a greater extent by the enthalpy term than by the entropy one. The free energy of sorption of the first homolog decreases when then-alkyl chain is attached directly to the carbon atom of the cycle and increases in the case ofN-alkylsubstituted heterocycles. The influence of the heteroatom nature on intermolecular interactions of homologs with the nonpolar stationary phase was quantitatively estimated on the basis of thermodynamic data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 45 (1996), S. 1928-1933 
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: capillary gas chromatography ; thermodynamic characteristics of sorption ; heterocyclic compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Dependences of sorption energies of sulfur-, oxygen-, and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds on the nature of heteroatoms, structure of substituents and their position in the ring were studied. The contributions of heteroatoms, functional and alkyl groups to the energy of dispersive interaction of position isomers with nonpolar stationary phases were determined for imidazoles, piperidines, morpholines, thiomorpholines, dioxalanes, oxathiolanes, dithiolanes, thiophenes, and furans. The nonequivalence of contributions of the same substituents to the sorption energy of each of the heterocyclic compounds, depending on the nature of the heteroatom and position of the substituent, was shown. The obtained values of contributions of heteroatoms and substituents can be used for apriori calculation of retention indices of position isomers of five- and six-membered heterocycles containing one or two heteroatoms in the ring.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 16 (1967), S. 176-177 
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusions 1. Kovac indices can be used to characterize the gas-Chromatographic behavior of substances on the highly polar phase β,β'-oxydipropionitrile. 2. The size of the sample of the calibrating hydrocarbons must be equivalent to 0.002–0.007 μ1.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 20 (1971), S. 1026-1028 
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusions 1. An equation was proposed for calculating the enthalpies and entropies of solution of organic compounds in the stationary phase, provided the enthalpy and entropy of solution of any n-alkane, with the number of carbon atoms m ≥ 5, in this phase is known. 2. The enthalpies of solution of benzene and a number of organosulfur compounds in Apiezon-M and in poly(ethylene glycol)-1000 were calculated. The obtained values are in quite good agreement with the experimentally found values of the enthalpies of solution from the specific retained volumes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 21 (1972), S. 595-597 
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusions Equations are proposed for evaluating the accuracy in the determination of the relative distribution coefficients, separation factors, differences in partial molar enthalpies, entropies, and free energies of solution from retention indexes which give an error of the same order of magnitude as the gas-chromatographic method of determination from specific retention volumes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Russian chemical bulletin 21 (1972), S. 625-627 
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conclusions Equations are proposed for the calculation of the accuracy in the determination of the relative activity coefficients, the differences in partial molar excess enthalpies, entropies, and free energies of solution from the retention indexes. The calculation gives an error of the same order of magnitude as the gas-chro-matographic method of determination from the specific retention volumes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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