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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of binocular neurons in the cat striate cortex in combining information from the two eyes (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 34 (1979), S. 133-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Binocular vision ; Cat striate cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cats were raised under conditions of daily alternating monocular exposure, so that each eye received normal input, but the animals were never allowed to use both eyes simultaneously. With single cell recording techniques it could be shown that this led to a severe disturbance of the normal binocularity of cortical neurons. The cats were trained by operant techniques in a two-choice box to discriminate with each eye non-retinotopic stimulus pairs. To test the ability to combine binocular signals it was tested whether the learned discrimination would transfer to red/green colored stimuli which were viewed dichoptically through appropriately colored contact lenses. The arrangement was such that the positive stimulus could be distinguished from the negative stimuli only when the signals from both eyes were combined and used simultaneously. All cats showed immediate transfer, from the monocularly learned discrimination task to the dichoptic paradigm. This indicates that the presence of a normal population of binocular cortical cells in area 17 is not a prerequisite for the ability to use binocular cues for the solution of a pattern discrimination task.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238346
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional amblyopia in kittens with unilateral exotropia (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 40 (1980), S. 305-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Squint amblyopia ; Visual cortex ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In two dark reared, 40 day old kittens unilateral divergent squint was induced be resecting the insertion of the medial rectus muscle. Behavioural testing revealed that the kittens used only the normal eye for fixation. Contrast sensitivity functions of the two eyes and visual acuity were determined behaviourally in a jumping stand whereby the kittens had to discriminate sine-wave gratings or variable spatial frequency and contrast from a flux equated homogeneous field. At photopic luminance levels the deviated eye showed a significant deficit in both kittens. This impairment was apparent over the whole range of spatial frequencies (0.18–0.99 c/deg) except for the lowest spatial frequency in one kitten. The interocular difference of visual acuity disappeared at scotopic luminance levels. In subsequent electrophysiological experiments contrast sensitivity functions were determined from cortical evoked potentials that were elicited by phase reversing square wave gratings. Comparison between behavioural and electrophysiological results revealed a very good correspondence between the two sets of data. It is concluded that exotropia without alternating fixation leads to functional amblyopia of the deviated eye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237795
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural strabismus in non-siamese cats: Lack of binocularity in the striate cortex (1983)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 52 (1983), S. 307-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Strabismus ; Ocular dominance ; Visual cortex ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cats with a natural convergent squint were discovered within a colony of normal Mill Hill cats. In two of them single unit recording was undertaken in area 17. The ocular dominance distribution showed a clear disruption of binocularity in both hemispheres. This lack of binocular units was comparable to cats with artificial, surgically-induced strabismus and differed significantly from the ocular dominance distribution of a normal control group. The existence of these natural, non-albino squinters strengthens the use of cats as an animal model for strabismic amblyopia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236640
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of maturation and visual experience in the development of eye alignment in cats (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 37 (1979), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Eye alignment ; Cat ; Visual experience ; Maturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the developing kitten, the alignment of the pupils changes from strongly divergent to almost parallel. The visual axes, however, seem to stay almost parallel throughout this period. The influence of early visual experience on this development is examined in the present study. The results suggest that the development of eye alignment is not controlled by visual experience, but depends on maturational processes, and that normal visual input serves only to halt these processes at the appropriate time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01474252
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thalamo-cortical connections and their correlation with receptive field properties in the cat's lateral suprasylvian visual cortex (1987)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 67 (1987), S. 100-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Visual system ; Lateral suprasylvian cortex ; Electrical stimulation ; Thalamo-cortical connections ; Direction selectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Areas PMLS and PLLS of the cat's lateral suprasylvian visual cortex display an interesting global organization of local features in their single unit response properties: direction preference is centrifugally organized and velocity preference increases with eccentricity. In addition it has previously been shown that binocular interactions are strongest around the visual field center. This characterizes the LS areas as apt for the analysis of optic flow fields and for visual processing in various kinds of visuomotor tasks (Rauschecker et al. 1987). In the present study we analysed the types of input to LS from the optic chiasm, the corpus callosum and from two thalamic relay nuclei (lateral posterior and lateral geniculate) that constitute important sources of afferent information to the LS areas. We were interested in learning how the afferent (and efferent) connections between LS and these structures relate to the response properties of LS neurons. Overlap of an RF into the ipsilateral hemifield was virtually always associated with callosal input. Latency differences between responses to electrical stimulation of the optic chiasm and the thalamic sites indicated almost exclusively fast-conducting Y-input to LS. Correlation of response latencies with receptive field properties revealed the following correspondences: A positive correlation was found between LP-latency and RF-size matching the dependence of RF size on laminar origin. The type of correlation found between LP-latency and directional tuning of LS cells suggests that an interaction between thalamic and other inputs may be responsible for direction selectivity in LS. Finally, correlation of LP-latencies with centrifugal direction preference suggests that this specific property is generated by intracortical wiring rather than by thalamic input.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269458
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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