Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 47 (1998), S. 172-183 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Stereoisomere ; Anästhetika ; Ketamin ; Cis-Atracurium ; Bupivacain ; Key words Optical isomers ; Anaesthetics isoflurane ; Desflurae ; Ketamine ; cis-atracurium ; Bupivacaine ; Ropivacaine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract All optically active molecules have at least one asymmetric atom in common which is attached to four ligands, that can have different three dimensional positions. Therefore it can be concluded that the resulting isomers are chemically identical in all respects except for the direction with which they rotate plane-polarized light. When the isomer and its corresponding enantiomer are present in equal proportions, they are called racemic mixture, a mixture that does not rotate polarized light, since the optical activities of the two isomers cancel each other. Although the isomers are chemically identical other optically active molecules can interact with these isomers in a geometrically specific way termed stereoselectivity. The human body comprises a chiral environment due to optically active proteins; thus it is not surprising that enantiomeric drugs exhibit different pharmacological properties, when used as pure optical isomers. Till today most modern anaesthetics have been optical isomers, which are mainly used as racemic mixture (1:1 mixture). For financial reasons pure isomers were only used for research purposes, but nowadays the wide clinical use of pure isomers is financially feasible due to new production techniques. The terms eutomer and distomer were chosen to indicate the more or less potent form of the drug. The clinical use of pure isomers is only of advisable, if there are significant differences between eutomer and distomer in desired or side effects. Among the modern anaesthetics ketamine, isoflurane, bupivacaine and atracurium exhibit an asymmetric carbon. For most drugs the separation in pure isomers will reduce side effects. For volatile anaesthetics this question is still unanswered, since experimental and clinical results are inconsistent so far.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Alle optisch aktiven Moleküle enthalten zumindest ein asymmetrisches Atom mit vier unterschiedlichen Liganden, die unterschiedliche räumliche Konfigurationen einnehmen können. Solche Isomere sind physio-chemikalisch identische Moleküle, deren einziges Unterscheidungskriterium die Rotation polarisierten Lichts ist. Andere asymmetrische Moleküle können zwischen solchen Isomeren differenzieren, so daß sich unterschiedliche Bindungen zwischen asymmetrischem Makromolekül und den Isomeren ergeben. Die Mehrzahl der heute in der täglichen Routine verwendeten Anästhetika enthalten ein solches asymmetrisches Kohlenstoffatom, stellen also reine optische Isomere dar, die derzeit in der Regel als Razemat (1:1-Mischung beider Isomere) Verwendung finden. Bisher wurden – von wenigen Ausnahmen abgesehen – gereinigte optische Isomere nur zur Beantwortung wissenschaftlicher Fragestellung herangezogen, da sie Aussagen über spezifische Bindungsstellen der Pharmaka erlauben. Neuere Verfahrenstechniken erlauben heute auch die Produktion größerer Quantitäten reiner optischer Isomere, so daß sie für die tägliche klinische Routine verfügbar sind. Die klinische Anwendung reiner optischer Isomere von Anästhetika kann klinisch sinnvoll sein, falls sich eindeutige stereoselektive Unterschiede zwischen den Isomeren ergeben. Derzeit scheint dies von den gebräuchlichen Pharmaka in der Anästhesie für Ketamin, Cis-Atracurium und Bupivacain zutreffend, bei denen durch Anwendung reiner optischer Isomere, also ohne distomeren Ballast, mit weniger Nebenwirkungen gerechnet werden kann. Für die Inhalationsanästhetika ist diese Frage augenblicklich noch nicht beantwortet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Applied Animal Behaviour Science 40 (1994), S. 79-80 
    ISSN: 0168-1591
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Keywords: Key WordsAbsidia corymbifera ; Mucormycosis ; Acute myeloid leukemia ; Neutropenia ; Vasculitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An 18-year-old woman was admitted to hospital because of subcutaneous hematoma and fever of unknown origin. Acute myeloid leukemia was diagnosed and empirical antimicrobial treatment and induction chemotherapy were started. After initial defervescence, fever relapsed 21 days after the onset of neutropenia. The CT scan of the lung was consistent with an invasive fungal infection. Treatment with amphotericin B was started and antimicrobial treatment was continued with liposomal amphotericin B because of an increase in creatinine later. The fever persisted and the patient suddenly developed progressive neurological symptoms. CT scan of the head suggested cerebral infarction and angiography of the extra- and intracranial arteries showed signs of vasculitis. Six days after the onset of neurological symptoms cerebral death was diagnosed. Autopsy revealed non-septate, irregularly branched hyphae in various histologic sections including brain. Absidia corymbifera could be isolated from lung tissue confirming the diagnosis of disseminated mucormycosis. In this case, angiographic findings suggested severe cerebral vasculitis which was in fact caused by thromboembolic dissemination of fungal hyphae. This case underlines the fact that cerebral symptoms in febrile neutropenic patients are highly indicative for fungal infections of the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 0308-521X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Agricultural Systems 40 (1992), S. 345-359 
    ISSN: 0308-521X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Agricultural Systems 32 (1990), S. 341-365 
    ISSN: 0308-521X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    ISSN: 0308-521X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words¶Coronary artery disease –¶left ventricular aneurysm –¶endoaneurysmorrhaphy – follow-up ; Schlüsselwörter¶Koronare Herzerkrankung –¶Ventrikelaneurysma – Follow-up – Therapiekonzept
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die zirkuläre Endoaneurysmorrhaphie (EAR) als chirurgische Therapie von Ventrikelaneurysmen ist mit exzellenten Kurzzeitergebnissen verbunden. Da nur wenig mittelfristige Ergebnisse nach EAR vorliegen, ist die Indikationsstellung für dieses Verfahren nicht endgültig geklärt.¶   Bei 157 Patienten (6/1993–6/1999) mit einem linksventrikulären Ventrikelaneurysma wurde eine EAR durchgeführt. Alle Patienten waren präoperativ symptomatisch mit klinischen Zeichen der Herzinsuffizienz (median NYHA III) oder Angina pectoris Symptomatik bei geringer Belastung. Die Determinaten der Mortalität während des Nachbeobachtungszeitraumes wurden in einer multivariaten Analyse bestimmt.¶   Perioperativ verstarben 5% der Patienten. Die postoperative Sterberate betrug 3,3% pro Jahr, die 5-Jahres Überlebensrate 78%. Die kardiale Beschwerdesymptomatik der Patienten war postoperativ signifikant gegenüber dem präoperativen Zustand verbessert¶(median NYHA II, p〈0,001). Die multivariate Analyse identifizierte eine vorbestehende arterielle Verschlusserkrankung und fortgeschrittenes Alter (〉70 Jahre) als signifikante Determinanten der späten Mortalität. Die Anlage eines Arteria mammaria interna Bypasses war mit einer signifikant verbesserten Langzeitprognose assoziiert.¶   Die Endoaneurysmorrhaphie ist mit einer geringen perioperativen Mortalität, einer signifikanten klinischen Verbesserung und einer guten mittelfristigen Prognose verbunden. Die Endoaneurysmorrhaphie mit begleitender Revaskularisation als therapeutisches Mittel sollte bei symptomatischen Patienten empfohlen werden.
    Notes: Summary Endoaneurysmorrhaphy (EAR) in postinfarct ventricular aneurysms leads to excellent short-term results. However, the temporal response of EAR is widely unknown. Thus, the indication for surgical treatment of patients with ventricular aneurysms is not well defined.¶   EAR was performed in 157 patients (6/1993–6/1999) with symptomatic ventricular aneurysms (median NYHA III). Factors influencing cardiac mortality and morbidity during follow-up were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis.¶   Perioperative mortality was low: 5%. Mortality during follow-up was 3.3% per year, resulting in a 5-year survival rate of 78%. NYHA classification ameliorated significantly from the preoperative status compared to the follow-up period (median NYHA II; p〈0.001). Multivariate analysis identified preexisting arterial occlusive disease and advanced age (〉70 years) as significant factors influencing medium-term mortality. Implantation of the left internal mammary artery was associated with a better survival rate.¶   Endoaneurysmorrhaphy can be performed with low perioperative mortality, will result in a significant amelioration of the cardiac clinical status and offers low medium-term mortality. Our data indicate that EAR seems to be the procedure of choice for patients with symptomatic ventricular aneurysms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Balance ; Joint laxity ; Ligament ; Motor programming ; EMG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The onset latency and discharge amplitude of preprogrammed postural responses were evaluated in order to determine if the structure of synergistic activation could be altered by ligamentous laxity at the knee joint. Twelve subjects with unilateral and one subject with bilateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insufficiency were tested while standing on a moveable platform. External balance perturbations (6 cm anterior or posterior horizontal displacements of the platform) were presented at velocities ranging from 15 to 35 cm/s. Perturbations were presented under the following experimental conditions: unilateral and bilateral stance, knees fully straight or flexed, and with ankle motion restricted or free. These stance, knee position, and ankle motion conditions were introduced to alter the stress transmitted to the knee joint during movement of the support surface. The automatic postural response was recorded from the tibialis anterior (T), quadriceps (Q), and medial hamstrings muscles (H) bilaterally. The normal response to an externally induced backward sway involved the automatic activation of T and Q at latencies of 80 ms and 90 ms respectively. Activation of the hamstrings in the non-injured extremity was not coupled with the postural response. Hamstrings are not typically involved in the correction posterior sway because H activation would tend to pull the center of mass further backwards. However, when the response in the ACL-deficient extremity was compared to the non-injured limb: (1) the automatic postural response in the ACL-deficient extremity was restructured to include hamstrings activation (100 ms latency), (2) H activation time was faster and less variable in the ACL-deficient limb, and (3) the ratio of H/Q discharge amplitude integrated over 100 ms and 200 ms from the onset of EMG activation showed a dominance of hamstring activity during unilateral stance on the lax limb. In addition, H/Q ratios integrated over 200 ms showed dominant hamstring activity in the ACL-deficient limb during bilateral stance. (4) Crosslimb comparisons showed greater normalized IEMG amplitudes for T, H, and Q during unilateral stance on the lax limb. These results suggest that a capsular-hamstring reflex is integrated into the existing structure of a preprogrammed postural synergy in order to compensate for ligamentous laxity. Furthermore, the generalized increase of response gain observed during perturbations of unilateral stance on the lax limb indicates that joint afference can modulate central programming to control localized joint hypermobility. A concept of postural control is discussed with respect to the capsular reflex, joint loading and displacement of the center of gravity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 50 (1994), S. 791-791 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...