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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin secretion ; glucagon secretion ; Chinese hamster ; glucose ; arginine ; theophylline ; subline variation ; chemical diabetic ; latent diabetic ; high-fat diet ; effect of diet ; glucose tolerance test ; pancreatic insulin content ; pancreatic glucagon content ; perfused hamster pancreas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin and glucagon release (in response to glucose, theophylline, and arginine) were measured from thein vitro perfused pancreases of non-ketotic diabetic Chinese hamsters. These animals showed impaired alpha and beta cell sensitivity to glucose (i.e. excessive glucagon, and a reduction in both phases of insulin release) and abnormal alpha cell sensitivity to arginine (excessive glucagon), but normal responses to theophylline. Pancreatic insulin content was significantly decreased and glucagon content increased in unperfused diabetic pancreases. Abnormal responses to glucose and arginine were not directly related to pancreatic content, since responses to theophylline were normal. Insulin responses of normal animals from five normal sublines and non-ketotics from eight diabetic sublines were compared; certain diabetic sublines showed significantly less insulin release than did others, despite similar severities of glucosuria. — Fasting blood glucose during stress, glucose tolerance, andin vitro pancreatic insulin responses to glucose were measured in the normoglycemic, aglucosuric siblings of diabetics; the responses were diabetic-like, and therefore such animals are referred to here as “chemical diabetics”. — The incidence of glucosuria and ketonuria was studied in ketotic diabetic hamsters on high- and low-fat diets; glucosuria decreased and ketonuria disappeared on the low-fat diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Chinese hamster ; diabetes model ; glucagon excess ; glucagon release ; insulin deficiency ; insulin release ; potassium ; insulin secretion ; theophylline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Release of insulin and glucagon from perfused pancreases in vitro of 40 normal male and female Chinese hamsters (from one inbred subline) and 110 male and female diabetic hamsters (from three inbred sublines) was measured in response to glucose plus arginine, theophylline alone, or potassium alone, in order to determine if differences in hormone secretion exist among different diabetic sublines. Glucose plus arginine and potassium produced subnormal insulin responses in all three diabetic sublines, whereas theophylline induced ‘normal’ or above normal insulin responses. Excessive glucagon release was consistently seen in only one diabetic subline. The female normal animals showed greater insulin release than the male normal hamsters in response to glucose plus arginine. This sex difference was not seen in the diabetic animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Chinese hamster ; diabetes mellitus ; diabetes model ; glucagon secretion ; insulin resistance ; insulin secretion ; prediabetes ; somatostatin secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diabetes mellitus in the adult Chinese hamster is characterized by subnormal pancreatic insulin release in vitro, decreased insulin content, and lack of obesity. The cause of the islet B-cell failure is not clear. We measured insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin release from in vitro perfused pancreases of young (mean age 10 and 20 weeks), genetically diabetic animals (subline AC, mean plasma glucose 8.0 and 16.6mmol/l, respectively). Compared to age- and sex-matched normal hamsters (subline M, mean plasma glucose 5.3 mmol/l), the younger diabetic animals had a significantly elevated mean plasma glucose level, but net in vitro pancreatic release of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin was normal. Pancreatic content of insulin and glucagon was also not significantly different from normal. At age 20 weeks, when the plasma glucose of the diabetic animals was even more elevated, pancreatic content and release of insulin were significantly subnormal, whereas glucagon and somatostatin release were normal, and pancreatic content of glucagon was normal. In a similar group of young (mean age 10 weeks) diabetic animals, non-fasting plasma insulin levels were within the normal range, but the corresponding glucose levels were excessive in most of the animals (13 out of 19). In conclusion, 10-week-old diabetic hamsters show mild hyperglycaemia which cannot be accounted for directly by decreased pancreatic release in response to a glucose plus arginine stimulus in vitro. Decreased ability of the B cell to respond in vivo to hyperglycaemia or peripheral resistance to insulin may contribute to later B-cell failure in the older diabetic hamster.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Tolbutamide stimulation ; glucose stimulation ; β-cell ultrastructure ; insulin secretion ; perfused rat pancreas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des modifications ultrastructurales dans les cellules β du pancréas de rat isolé et perfusé ont été observées au cours de la réponse dynamique au glucose et au tolbutamide. On a noté une sécrétion granulaire évidente dans l'espace extracellulaire par émiocytose au cours des 60 premières secondes de stimulation par le glucose, mais non aprś et à aucun moment pendant la stimulation par le tolbutamide. Des amas de granules à l'intérieur de l'appareil de Golgi étaient apparents après 60 minutes d'injection de glucose, mais non dans le cas d'injection de tolbutamide. — Ces résultats renforcent l'idée que le glucose stimule initialement la libération d'un petit pool instable d'insuline préformée, tandis que l'administration continue stimule l'activité de stockage de l'appareil de Golgi et la provision d'insuline supplémentaire pour le processus de sécrétion. Par contre, le tolbutamide seul à forte concentration, augmente le complexe de Golgi, les vésicules à membrane hérissée (coated vesicles), les corps multivésiculaires et les cytosegresomes. Il peut ainsi stimuler le stockage sans provision d'insuline, ou alternativement, augmenter le processus lysosomal de dégradation.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Ultrastructurelle Veränderungen in den B-Zellen von isoliertem perfundierten Rattenpancreas wurden während der dynamischen Reaktion auf Glucose und Tolbutamid beobachtet. Augenscheinlich erfolgt eine Granula-Sekretion in den extracellulären Raum durch Emiocytose während der ersten 60 sec der Glucose-Stimulation, aber nicht danach, und auch nicht zu irgendeiner Zeit während der Tolbutamid-Stimulation. Dichtes Zusammenlagern von Granula innerhalb des Golgi-Apparates trat offensichtlich nach 60 min nach der Glucoseinjektion ein, aber nicht im Fall des Tolbutamid. — Diese Befunde unterstützen die Annahme, daß die Glucose im Anfang die Abgabe eines kleinen labilen pools von präformierten Insulin anregt, während fortgesetzte Verabreichung die Aktivität der dichten Anlagerung am Golgi-Apparat und die Bereitstellung von zusätzlichem Insulin für den Sekretionsprozeß stimuliert. Hohe Dosen von Tolbutamid allein vermehren andererseits den Golgi-Komplex, die bedeckten Bläschen, die multivesikulären Körper und die Cytosegresomen. Insofern könnte Tolbutamid die Anreicherung ohne Bereitstellung von Insulin stimulieren oder aber lysosomale Degradationsprozesse vermehren.
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural changes in β cells of the isolated perfused rat pancreas were observed during the dynamic response to glucose and tolbutamide. Evidence of granule secretion into the extracellular space by emiocytosis was noted during the first 60 sec of glucose stimulation, but not thereafter nor at any time during tolbutamide stimulation. Packaging of granules within the Golgi apparatus was apparent after 60 min of glucose injection, but not in the case of tolbutamide. These findings support the concept that glucose initially stimulates the release of a small labile pool of preformed insulin, while continued administration stimulates Golgi packaging activity and the provision of additional insulin for the secretory process. High tolbutamide alone, in contrast increases the Golgi complex, coated vesicles, multivesicular bodies and cytosegresomes. Thus it may stimulate packaging without insulin provision, or alternatively, increase lysosomal degradative processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 183 (1959), S. 469-470 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sulphobromophthalein in human bile, urine or serum was extracted with 3 vol. of acetone. The extract was taken to dryness and subjected to paper chromatography in an ascending system, employing ^-butanol/water (30:17-3 v/v). In bile, three pigments, arbitrarily designated as BSP-^4, -B and ~C, were ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 28 (1966), S. 347-380 
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 38 (1976), S. 353-388 
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 49 (1987), S. 379-394 
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A kinetic model involving synthesis of proinsulin in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, maturation through the Golgi apparatus and granules, with conversion to insulin, is proposed to account for data on the amount of insulin and of proinsulin both secreted during various time intervals and remaining in islets. Introducing three compartments for granules makes it possible to account for the measurement of both hot (pulse labeled with tritiated leucine) and cold proinsulin and insulin over a period of 21/2 hr under constant glucose. Data from islets from animals pretreated with tolbutamide are also presented and modeled. The model is then expanded so that it can be successfully applied to available data on the effects of a period of glucose deprivation on secretion of both hot and cold hormone. Parameters have essentially the same values, where they overlap, as were obtained (Landahl and Grodsky, 1982Bull. math. Biol. 44, 399–410) from insulin secretion by perfused rat pancreas stimulated by a variety of temporal patterns of glucose concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1105-1114 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Pancreas ; insulin secretion ; zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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