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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The multifunctionality of FGF-2 in the adrenal medulla (1997)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 195 (1997), S. 103-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Chromaffin cell ; PC12 cells ; Neurotrophic factor ; Sympathoadrenal differentiation ; Retrograde transport ; FGF receptor ; Auto-/paracrine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and their tumor counterparts, the pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, are well-established model systems in neurobiology. The development of sympathoadrenal progenitor cells to chromaffin cells can be studied with regard to developmental signals which trigger the differentiation. With regard to potential treatments of neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease chromaffin cell grafting can be used as one therapeutical approach. The beneficial effect of chromaffin cell grafts is possibly not only related to the release of dopamine but may also be linked to the release of growth factors. One of the growth factors that is synthesized by chromaffin and PC12 cells is basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). The experimental data available so far, are in agreement with different functional roles of FGF-2. This article summarizes the putative physiological functions of FGF-2 in the adrenal medulla. Three differential functional roles of FGF-2 are discussed: (1) as a differentiation factor for sympathoadrenal progenitor cells; (2) as a target-derived neurotrophic factor for preganglionic sympathetic neurons which innervate adrenal medullary cells; (3) as an auto-/paracrine factor in the adrenal medulla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050029
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of basic fibroblast growth factor, a mitogen and angiogenic factor, in human brain tumors (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1990), S. 418-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) ; Basic FGF ; Angiogenesis ; Brain tumors ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is a potent angiogenic factor and a mitogen for a variety of mesoderm-and neuroectoderm-derived cell types (e.g., fibroblasts, endothelial cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes). After application of a monospecific polyclonal antiserum, we localized basic FGF on frozen sections of 73 human brain tumors using immunohisto-chemistry. FGF was present in a variable number of tumor cells (16/16 astrocytomas, 5/5 ependymomas, 0/3 benign and 4/7 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, 11/12 glioblastomas, 11/11 meningiomas, 6/6 neurilemmomas, 0/3 pituitary adenomas, 2/2 choroid plexus papillomas, 0/1 neurocytoma, 2/2 benign fibrous histiocytomas, 2/5 metastatic carcinomas). FGF was detected in vascular cells of 59 tumors and in fibroblasts of connective tissue stroma from all papillomas and metastases. These results tend to indicate FGF involvement in the malignant progression of gliomas due to an autocrine or paracrine action. Histopathological aspects of malignant gliomas (e.g., pseudopalisading or pathological vessels) could be related to FGF activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00308718
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Neurons and Its Putative Functions (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 638 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb49040.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Focal application of neutralizing antibodies to soluble neurotrophic factors reduces collateral axonal branching after peripheral nerve lesion (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 15 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A major reason for the insufficient recovery of function after motor nerve injury are the numerous axonal branches which often re-innervate muscles with completely different functions. We hypothesized that a neutralization of diffusable neurotrophic factors at the lesion site in rats could reduce the branching of transected axons. Following analysis of local protein expression by immunocytochemistry and by in situ hybridization, we transected the facial nerve trunk of adult rats and inserted both ends into a silicon tube containing (i) collagen gel with neutralizing concentrations of antibodies to NGF, BDNF, bFGF, IGF-I, CNTF and GDNF; (ii) five-fold higher concentrations of the antibodies and (iii) combination of antibodies. Two months later, retrograde labelling was used to estimate the portion of motoneurons the axons of which had branched and projected into three major branches of the facial trunk. After control entubulation in collagen gel containing non-immune mouse IgG 85% of all motoneurons projecting along the zygomatic branch sprouted and sent at least one twin axon to the buccal and/or marginal-mandibular branches of the facial nerve. Neutralizing concentrations of anti-NGF, anti-BDNF and anti-IGF-I significantly reduced sprouting. The most pronounced effect was achieved after application of anti-BDNF, which reduced the portion of branched neurons to 18%. All effects after a single application of antibodies were concentration-dependent and superior to those observed after combined treatment. This first report on improved quality of reinnervation by antibody-therapy implies that, in rats, the post-transectional collateral axonal branching can be reduced without obvious harmful effects on neuronal survival and axonal elongation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.01971.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytochemical and biochemical characterization of neurosecretory material in the brain of an annelid, Ophryotrocha puerilis (Polychaeta)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    General and Comparative Endocrinology 68 (1987), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-6480
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(87)90052-9
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in rodent testis Presence of bFGF mRNA and of a 30 kDa bFGF protein in pachytene spermatocytes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 302 (1992), S. 43-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Basic fibroblast growth factor ; Germ cell ; Mouse ; Testis ; mRNA
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(92)80280-T
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High molecular weight forms of basic fibroblast growth factor recognized by a new anti-bFGF antibody
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 260 (1990), S. 35-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Adrenal ; Antibody ; Fibroblast growth factor, basic ; Ovary ; Pituitary
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(90)80059-R
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical mapping of basic fibroblast growth factor in the developing and adult rat adrenal gland (1990)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 94 (1990), S. 141-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied the spatial and temporal pattern of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) immunoreactivity in the rat adrenal gland during postnatal development. In the cortex the glomerulosa zone reveals a strong anti-bFGF immunoreactivity at all developmental ages studied. In the fasciculata zone the high number of anti-bFGF immunoreactive cells in the first week decreases during the second and third week. The late developing reticularis zone shows only few anti-bFGF labeled cells at all postnatal ages. This distributional pattern of bFGF immunoreactivity matches that of mitotic activity in the rat adrenal cortex strengthening the role of bFGF as an autocrine growth factor for adrenocortical cells. In the medulla anti-bFGF positive chromaffin cells become detectable at postnatal day (P) 8 and increase in number during the second and third week. In the adult rat the staining intensity of the chromaffin cells was higher than at P18. In the adult medulla bFGF colocalizes with noradrenaline suggesting its presence in a chromaffin cell subpopulation. In accordance with previous results the role of the chromaffin cell bFGF as a neurotrophic factor for preganglionic sympathetic neurons is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02440180
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies onOphryotrocha geryonicola (Polychaeta: Dorvilleidae) (1982)
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 35 (1982), S. 119-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ophryotrocha geryonicola was first described by Esmark (1874) asEteonopsis geryonicola. Bidenkap (1895) gave another short description. The species was redescribed by Wesenberg-Lund (1938) asOphryotrocha geryonicola. Desportes et al. (1977) reportedO. geryonicola from the western Mediterranean Sea. Recently, Gaston & Benner (1981) gave another redescription and recorded a new host for the most likely symbiotic species. These authors reestablished the original genusEteonopsis mainly because the species is epizoic and not free-living like otherOphryotrocha species. Since all descriptions, given so far, were obviously based on preserved material a more detailed description of live specimens is provided. The size of the specimens (140 mm recorded by Wesenberg-Lund, 1938), the branched intestine and their epizoic mode of living clearly demonstrate that these animals belong to a species separated from the other knownOphryotrocha species. On the other hand,O. geryonicola shows all the main characters of the genusOphryotrocha. Therefore it seems justifiable to leave this species within the genusOphryotrocha.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02289838
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catecholaminergic nerves in the embryonic chick ovary: co-localization with β2-adrenoceptor-bearing steroidogenic cells (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 254 (1988), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenergic nerves ; Steroidogenic cells ; Embryonic ovary ; β 2Adrenoceptors ; Cytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study investigates the innervation of the embryonic chick ovary with regard to (i) development and compartmentalization of catecholaminergic nerves, and (ii) presence of adrenoceptors on steroidogenic target cells of catecholaminergic nerve terminals. Catecholaminergic nerve fibers visualized by glyoxylic acid-induced histofluorescence first appeared at embryonic day (E) 13. From E15 through E21 the density of fluorescent aminergic nerves increased markedly in parallel with the concentration of catecholamines and numbers of nerve bundles and single axons seen at the electron-microscopic level. Catecholaminergic nerves were confined to the ovarian medulla and closely associated with interstitial cells. Nerve terminals approached interstitial cells up to a distance of 20 nm and, in their majority, exhibited uptake of the false adrenergic transmitter 5-hydroxydopamine. Although adrenaline amounted to 14% of the total catecholamine content at E21, adrenaline immunoreactivity was only detected in adrenal chromaffin cells, but not in nerve fibers or cell bodies within the ovary. Interstitial cells structurally matured between E15 and E21 as documented by an increase of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and tubular mitochondria. Monoclonal antibodies mAB 120 and BRK 2 raised against avian β 1 and mammalian β 2-adrenergic receptors revealed the presence of β 2-adrenoceptor-like immunoreactivity on the surface of interstitial cells, but not on any other cell type. The results are consistent with the notion of a dense adrenergic innervation of the embryonic chick ovarian medulla and its steroidogenic interstitial cells, and suggest the chick ovary as an excellent model for elucidating the functional role of a neural input to steroidogenic cells during development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220010
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