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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 188-195 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The stability of TiN barriers deposited between Si or SiO2 substrates and AlSiCu metallic alloy contacts was investigated as a function of the sintering temperature and of the application of an oxidation step to the barrier. It was found that Al penetrates the barrier during the sintering at 450 °C for 1 h, which also results in the diffusion of Ti inside the Al alloy. This mutual interdiffusion increases with temperature but when oxygen is present at the barrier surface, the intensity of diffusion processes decreases considerably. It is also established that the barrier remains more stable on SiO2 than on the Si substrate. It is suggested that the better reaction resistance of oxidized TiN compared with oxygen-free nitride may be due to the blocking of fast-diffusion paths of Al diffusion by oxygen and subsequently the formation of Al2O3, AlN, and TiAl3 phases during sintering. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4438-4443 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This article demonstrates that the exposure of a TiN barrier to an ex situ oxygen plasma results in a more stable TiN/AlSiCu interface up to temperatures of 600 °C as shown by the time-of-flight elastic recoil detection measurements. A quaternary phase diagram of the Al–Ti–O–N system was calculated in the range of temperatures between 450 and 550 °C and suggests that the stabilization of the TiN/AlSiCu interface is possible since oxidized TiN reacts with Al to form AlN, TiAl3 and Al2O3 at the interface. A Ti/TiN/(oxygen plasma exposure)/AlSiCu/TiN contact metallization in 1.2-μm-diam and 1.4-μm-deep straight wall contacts to 0.2-μm-deep N+ and P+ diffusions, to gate polysilicon as well as to capacitor polysilicon shows stable electrical results even after a [(450 °C, 60 min)+(500 °C, 60 min)+(550 °C, 60 min)] combined thermal stress. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 4233-4235 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin TiN layers have been successfully produced by reactive evaporation combined with rapid thermal annealing. Their stoichiometry as a function of depth has been measured by elastic recoil detection combined with time-of-flight. It is shown that this technique is the most appropriate for stoichiometry determination of TiN layers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 132-138 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed in order to determine the crystallographic phases formed in AlSiCu/TiN/Ti contact metallization multilayers of very large scale integration/ultralarge scale integration devices deposited over SiO2 and Si substrates as a function of the annealing temperatures, the oxidation treatment of the TiN diffusion barrier, the presence of a TiN antireflective coating (ARC) and the barrier thickness. The most striking results of this study are the formation of the Ti7Al5Si12 phase and the recrystallization of Al after a 550 °C annealing for a nonoxidized 50 nm TiN barrier deposited on Si substrate. This Ti7Al5Si12 phase formation and the Al recrystallization tend to be blocked when an oxidized TiN barrier is used. It is also suggested that an air break process tends to lower the junction spiking problems since Ti7Al5Si12 is believed to be detrimental to the contact metallization layers. These effects were very weak for the 95-nm-thick TiN barrier. In addition, a TiN-ARC layer reduces the Al recrystallization on SiO2 substrate. Even after an important Ti7Al5Si12 formation, the transmission electron microscopy results showed that a TiN layer is still present but probably ineffective from an electrical point of view. Although the 550 °C anneal produced important changes, no significant difference was observed between the XRD spectra after a 450 and a 500 °C anneal. The identified phases by the XRD analysis were in agreement with a calculated Al-Ti-O-N quaternary isotherm diagram. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 2568-2574 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Positron annihilation spectroscopy has been combined with Auger electron depth profiling, elastic recoil detection, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and capacitance-voltage measurements to study silicon nitride films grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. For silicon-rich films the positron lineshape parameter is very close to that of undefected silicon, consistent with a strong hydrogen passivation effect. With increasing nitrogen content in the films, there is an increase in the number of unpassivated vacancy complexes available to trap positrons prior to annihilation. Detailed analysis gives a measure of the electric field induced in the silicon substrate by the presence of charge trapped in the silicon nitride near the interface. These results agree qualitatively with electrical measurements. Both the charge and the electric field are found to decrease with increasing nitrogen content. Incorporation of a small amount of oxygen in the films leads to a suppression of the feature in the positron spectrum associated with vacancy complexes in favor of a spectrum typical of oxygen related defects. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 2834-2840 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The stress evolution of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition a-SiC:H films was studied by increasing the annealing temperature from 300 to 850 °C. A large stress range from −1 GPa compressive to 1 GPa tensile was investigated. Infrared absorption, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elastic recoil detection analysis techniques were used to follow the Si-C, Si-H, and C-H absorption band evolutions, the Si2p and C1s chemical bondings, and the a-SiC:H film hydrogen content variations with the annealing temperatures, respectively. It is pointed out that the compressive stress relaxation is due to the hydrogenated bond (Si—H and C—H) dissociation, whereas the tensile stress is caused by additional Si—C bond formation. At high annealing temperatures, a total hydrogen content decrease is clearly observed. This total hydrogen loss is interpreted in terms of hydrogen molecule formation and outerdiffusion. The results are discussed and a quantitative model correlating the intrinsic stress variation to the Si—H, C—H, and Si—C bond density variations is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 1565-1570 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin TiN layers have been successfully produced on Si and SiO2 by reactive evaporation combined with rapid thermal annealing. Results of composition, resistivity, and stress measurements on these layers are reported. The TiN layers have a resistivity around 40 μΩ cm and a high stress of between 1 and 6 GPa. The composition ratio of nitrogen to titanium, measured by elastic recoil detection (ERD), combined with time-of-flight, was found to vary between 0.8 and 1.0 depending on the deposition conditions. In addition to the stoichiometry determination, ERD also clearly shows the presence of a TiSi2 layer between the TiN and the Si substrate. It is also shown that good TiN layers can be produced by reactive evaporation for nitrogen partial pressures between 1.0 and 2.0×10−5 mbar and for titanium evaporation rates between 0.3 and 0.5 nm/s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 8075-8079 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of treatment with remote oxygen-containing hydrogen plasma on electrochemically etched porous silicon have been studied. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared, and elastic recoil detection measurements showed the nonuniform incorporation of oxygen in the porous silicon layer. The amount of nitrogen increased while the carbon concentration dropped in the oxidized layer. The photoluminiscence (PL) intensity of plasma-treated films increased by up to a factor of approximately 70 compared to as-prepared samples, while the peak position was red shifted. The PL enhancement seems to be correlated with an O/Si ratio near 1.5. After treatment, bright PL was observed from a partially oxidized layer, covered by a SiO2 layer which could be several nm thick.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 274 (1975), S. 233-239 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The level structure of theN=80,140Nd has been investigated through the beta decay of140m Pm and140g Pm, whose decay half-lives were measured to be 5.95±0.05 min and 9.1±0.5 sec, respectively. Decay schemes for the two isomers have been constructed fromγ-ray measurements. With the help of the beta decayft values and internal conversion electron measurements, spins and parities were deduced for levels in140Nd. Among the levels a 7− state at 2222.0 keV and a 5− state at 2273.3 keV are identified as two-neutron quasiparticle states. The (ie233-01) for140m Pm and140g Pm have been deduced as 7− and 1+, respectively. From beta end-point measurements, the decay energies of the two isomers have been determined asQ EC=6.48±0.07 MeV140m (Pm) andQ EC=6.08±0.10 MeV (140gPm). The results are discussed in the light of nuclear systematics of theN=79 and 80 isotones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 279 (1976), S. 395-397 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The electromagnetic decay of the 11/2− 141m Sm is investigated. Internal conversion electron and X-ray-conversion electron coincidence measurements indicate that the state undergoesβ + and electron capture decay with 99.69% strength and the remaining 0.31% goes to a 174.2±0.3 keVM4 transition. TheK/L conversion electron intensity ratio for the transition is measured to be 1.7±0.4. The energy of the 11/2− is established at 175.8±0.3 keV above the 1/2+ ground state in141Sm. Systematics of theM4 transitions in theN=79 and 81 isotones are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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