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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: C-peptide ; insulin antibodies ; glucose tolerance ; segmental pancreatic transplantation ; pancreatic transplant rejection ; brittle diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma C-peptide and serum insulin antibody levels were determined in 5 diabetic patients undergoing vascularized pancreatic transplantation. The grafts functioned well at first and exogenous insulin could be withdrawn, but one to 7 weeks later the grafts were rejected. After the transplantation there was an increase in the fasting plasma C-peptide level, and B-cell stimulation with glucose or glucagon evoked a C-peptide response. Healing of ischaemic damage was reflected in an increase in the C-peptide level. During graft rejection the C-peptide level fell. Measurement of plasma C-peptide levels provides a direct index of the B-cell function of the pancreatic graft. After transplantation the insulin antibody level fell exponentially, with an apparent half life of 10–11 days, whereas the level of total IgG was variable. The results indicate that formation of insulin antibodies ceases immediately on removal of the immunogenic stimulus, that is, on withdrawal of xenogeneic insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Experimental diabetes ; isolated pancreatic islets ; insulin content ; glucose oxidation ; insulin secretion ; insulin biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The function of the pancreatic B-cell was studied in relation to the development of the diabetic syndrome in a new variety of the diabetic mutant mouse, which was produced at The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, U.S.A. by outcrossing of a C57BL/KsJ-db stock with C57BL/6J mice. The expression of the db-gene in the resulting strain was evaluated by measurements of the body weights and the concentrations of serum glucose and serum insulin at different ages of the animals. In the diabetic mice the body weights increased rapidly between 5 and 25 weeks of age to a weight twice that of the lean controls. During the same time hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia occurred, the maximal serum glucose and insulin values being observed between 17 and 25 weeks of age. Later on the serum glucose and serum insulin concentrations gradually decreased. Islets were isolated with collagenase from animals 5, 10 or 20 weeks old, and studied with respect to insulin content, glucose oxidation and the secretion and synthesis of insulin. The results were compared with data from control experiments with islets isolated from non-diabetic littermates. No major differences were found between islets from diabetic and control mice with regard to the glucose oxidation rate, whereas an exaggerated insulin response to glucose was observed in islets from 5 weeks old diabetic mice. In the 20 weeks old diabetic animals there was a significantly decreased islet insulin content and a considerably lowered insulin biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; pancreatic transplantation ; hepatic glucose regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary With current surgical techniques for pancreatic transplantation, the graft is anastomosed to the iliac vessels, resulting in delivery of insulin to the systemic circulation rather than to the portal vein as in healthy man. The possible influence of the altered route of insulin delivery on the regulation of splanchnic glucose metabolism was studied in four patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus at 6–19 months after combined pancreatic and kidney transplantation. Four non-diabetic, age-matched renal transplant recipients and two groups of age-matched healthy subjects served as controls. The studies were carried out in the basal state and during two rates of intravenous glucose infusion (2 and 4 mg · kg−1 · min−1). Fasting arterial glucose and splanchnic glucose output was similar in all groups. Basal hyperinsulinaemia was present in pancreatic graft recipients compared to healthy subjects. During low rate intravenous glucose infusion splanchnic glucose output decreased to a similar extent in all groups. With the higher glucose infusion rate (4 mg · kg−1 · min−1) a net glucose uptake was observed which was similar in all three groups. Peripheral glucose uptake was unchanged at the lower glucose infusion rate but increased by 45–55% at the higher rate. It is concluded that despite systemic insulin delivery from a heterotopic pancreatic graft, hepatic glucose metabolism appears normal both in the post-absorptive state and in response to glucose-stimulated endogenous insulin secretion. Portal insulin delivery is thus not necessary for normal hepatic glucose metabolism in the Type 1 diabetic patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 28 (1985), S. 645-648 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Protease inhibitor ; 133Xenon-clearance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ten normal-weight Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (12 h postprandial) with normal insulin requirement were given 125I-labelled soluble insulin (10 U) in the thigh together with aprotinin (10000 KIU) or its diluent on two consecutive mornings. Disappearance of 125I-radioactivity was followed continuously for 3 h by external detection and plasma free insulin measured by radioimmunoassay. Subcutaneous blood flow following aprotinin or diluent was studied concomitantly in the contralateral thigh by external monitoring of locally injected 133Xenon. Plasma free insulin increased significantly faster (p〈0.05) and the insulin area under the curve was significantly (p〈0.05) greater during the first hour after injection of insulin with aprotinin. Subcutaneous blood flow (rate constants for 133Xenon) was significantly higher with aprotinin (p〈0.05), the highest flow occurring early after injection. In conclusion, subcutaneously injected soluble insulin is more rapidly absorbed by addition of aprotinin to the insulin solution in Type 1 diabetes. Blood flow increase at the injection site may explain part of this effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biological Psychology 33 (1992), S. 51-61 
    ISSN: 0301-0511
    Keywords: Public performance ; cortisol ; epinephrine ; heart rate ; individual differences ; norepinephrine ; telemetry
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biological Psychology 23 (1986), S. 96-97 
    ISSN: 0301-0511
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 10 (1986), S. 404-409 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Vingt-neuf malades atteints d'un diabète de type I et d'une néphropathie diabétique au stade terminal ont bénéficié d'une transplantation pancréatique et rénale. La survie actuarielle à 2 ans des malades a été de 87%, celle du rein greffé de 78%. La survie actuarielle à 1 an et à 2 ans du pancréas greffé a été respectivement de 54% et de 40%. Une amélioration substantielle de la survie du transplant pancréatique s'est manifestée au fil du temps. C'est ainsi que de 1981 à 1983 ou 13 malades furent greffés, le taux de survie à 1 an du pancréas greffé fut de 31% alors que de 1984 à 1985 où 16 malades furent traités, il s'éleva à 75%. Cette amélioration a été attribuée à la réduction du temps de l'ischémie par réfrigération et à l'emploi d'un traitement anticoagulant intensif, ce qui entraîna une réduction sensible de la pancréatite et de la thrombose au niveau du transplant. Chez tous les malades où le pancréas greffé assuma ses fonctions, l'insulinothérapie fut interrompue et le métabolisme du glucose redevint normal. Chez les sujets dont le pancréas greffé survécu longtemps aucune aggravation de la rétinopathie ou de la neuropathie ne fut constatée. En outre, des biopsies rénales pratiquées simultanément chez 2 malades 3 ans après la transplantation ont montré l'absence d'épaississement de la membrane basale glomerulaire fait qui aurait témoigné d'une récidive de la néphropathie diabétique.
    Abstract: Resumen Veintinueve pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo I y nefropatía terminal fueron sometidos a transplante renal y pancreático combinado. La supervivencia actuarial de los pacientes a 2 años fue de 87% y la supervivencia del transplante renal fue de 78% para la totalidad de la serie. Las tasas actuariales de supervivencia del transplante pancreático a 1 y 2 años fueron de 54% y 40% respectivamente. Una mejoría sustancial en la tasa de supervivencia del injerto ha ocurrido en el transcurso del tiempo. Así, en el primer período de la serie (1981–1983, n = 13) la tasa de supervivencia a 1 año fue de 31%, mientras en el segundo período (1984–1985, n = 16) la tasa fue de 75%. Los mejores resultados se debieron probablemente a la reducción en el tiempo de isquemias en frío y a la adopcion de un tratamiento agresivo de anticoagulación; mediante el uso de estas 2 medidas la incidencia de pancreatitis y de trombosis del injerto fue notoriamente reducida. En todos los pacientes con trnsplantes pancreáticos funcionantes fue descontinuada la terapia con insulina y se logró una homeostasis de la glucosa esencialmente normal. Entre los pacientes en quienes el transplante pancreático ha sobrevivido por un periodo mayor, no se ha demostrado continuación del proceso de retinopatía o de neuropatía. Además, las biopsias de los riñones transplantados simultáneamente en 2 pacientes a los 3 años del transplante no muestran aumento del espesor de la membrana basal del glomérulo que indique recurrencia de la nefropatía diabética.
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-nine patients with type I diabetes mellitus and end-stage diabetic nephropathy were subjected to combined renal and pancreatic transplantation. The 2-year actuarial patient survival rate was 87% and the renal graft survival rate was 78% for the whole series. The 1-year and 2-year actuarial pancreatic graft survival rates were 54% and 40%, respectively. A substantial improvement in the pancreatic graft survival has occurred with time. Thus, in the first part of the series (1981–1983, n = 13), the 1-year pancreatic graft survival was 31%, whereas in the second part of the series (1984–1985, n = 16), the figure was 75%. The improvement in results was probably due to a reduction in the cold ischemia time and the adoption of an aggressive anticoagulant treatment; using these measures the incidences of pancreatitis and graft thrombosis were much reduced. In all patients with functioning pancreatic grafts, insulin therapy was discontinued and an essentially normal glucose homeostasis was achieved. Among the patients whose pancreatic transplant has survived for a longer period, no further deterioration in retinopathy or neuropathy was found. Furthermore, biopsies from the simultaneously transplanted kidneys in 2 patients 3 years after transplantation have failed to show any increase in the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane indicative of a recurrence of diabetic nephropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: C-peptide ; insulin-dependent diabetes ; albuminuria ; proteinuria ; haemoglobin a1c
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of residual insulin production in long-term Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Ninety-seven patients with a disease duration of 9–16 years and onset before the age of 30 years were studied. C-peptide excretion in 24-h urine samples was measured as an indicator of residual insulin production. Thirty-five patients (36%) excreted C-peptide (〉-0.2 nmol); as many as possible of them were carefully matched with a non-excretor patient with regard to age at onset of diabetes and disease duration. Twenty-nine pairs were obtained, and 22 of them agreed to participate in further investigations of glycaemic control and microangiopathic lesions. The patients who excreted C-peptide had significantly lower HbA1c than the non-excretor group, 6.9±0.3% vs 7.9±0.3%, (p〈0.025). Moderate-to-advanced background retinopathy was found in 2 patients in the excretor group and in 7 patients in the nonexcretor group. Microalbuminuria [ratio of albumin: creatinine (mg/l:mmol/l) 〉-5] was found in 1 and in 5 patients, respectively, while proteinuria [ratio of protein: creatinine (mg/l: mmol/l× 10) 〉-136] was found in 0 and in 4 patients, respectively. Microalbuminuria and/or proteinuria was found in 7 of the non-excretor group as compared to 1 in the excretor group (p=0.046). When all the variables were taken into account, microalbuminuria and/or proteinuria and/or moderate-to-advanced background retinopathy was found in 3 of the excretor group compared to 11 of the non-excretor group (p=0.022). Reduced sensory and motor nerve conduction velocities were common findings and occurred with the same frequency in the two groups. The data suggest that residual insulin production in long-term Type 1 diabetes is associated with a more satisfactory glycaemic control and a lower prevalence of early microangiopathic eye and kidney lesions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes ; maximal oxygen uptake ; exercise ; serum triglycerides ; serum cholesterol ; glycaemic control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary No objective evidence has been presented to support the beneficial effect of physical training on glycaemic control in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients trained two to three times a week for several months. In the present study we examined the possibility that a daily exercise programme would be more suitable for improving glycaemic control. Thirteen patients completed a 5-month study; 6 were randomized to exercise training (20 min daily bicycle exercise) and 7 served as non-exercising controls. The training resulted in an 8% increase in maximal oxygen uptake (p 〈 0.05). No change in glycaemic control occurred during the study period in either group. In addition, serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were followed. Total cholesterol decreased during the study period irrespective of training. No effect was noted on the levels of LDL, VLDL, HDL and HDL2 cholesterol. A significant training effect was obtained in the HDL3 subfraction (−10%,p 〈 0.05). Total triglycerides were unchanged, but a decrease in the level of LDL triglycerides was observed with training (−12%,p 〈 0.01). It is concluded that, in female Type 1 diabetic patients, daily physical training for several months does not improve glycaemic control and results only in minor changes in serum lipoprotein profiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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