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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: C-peptide ; insulin antibodies ; glucose tolerance ; segmental pancreatic transplantation ; pancreatic transplant rejection ; brittle diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma C-peptide and serum insulin antibody levels were determined in 5 diabetic patients undergoing vascularized pancreatic transplantation. The grafts functioned well at first and exogenous insulin could be withdrawn, but one to 7 weeks later the grafts were rejected. After the transplantation there was an increase in the fasting plasma C-peptide level, and B-cell stimulation with glucose or glucagon evoked a C-peptide response. Healing of ischaemic damage was reflected in an increase in the C-peptide level. During graft rejection the C-peptide level fell. Measurement of plasma C-peptide levels provides a direct index of the B-cell function of the pancreatic graft. After transplantation the insulin antibody level fell exponentially, with an apparent half life of 10–11 days, whereas the level of total IgG was variable. The results indicate that formation of insulin antibodies ceases immediately on removal of the immunogenic stimulus, that is, on withdrawal of xenogeneic insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 19 (1980), S. 427-432 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; C-peptide ; proinsulin ; diabetic ; mothers ; infants ; neonatal hypoglycaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Serum concentrations of glucose, C-peptide, IRI (Immunoreactive insulin) and proinsulin were determined in 31 insulin-dependent diabetic mothers and their newborn infants and in 13 nondiabetic mothers and their babies at the time of delivery. Eleven mothers with long-term diabetes had insulin antibodies and low or undetectable C-peptide levels (mean ± SEM: 0.04±0.01 nmol/l). Diabetic mothers without insulin antibodies had a mean C peptide value of 1.18 nmol/1 (range 0.05–3.00) and the non-diabetics 0.95 nmol/l (0.28–2.4). Blood glucose values (2 to 4 hours after birth) of less than 1.7 mmol/l were observed in 7 of the 11 babies with antibodies and in 3 of the 20 babies without antibodies. C-peptide in the 31 babies of diabetic mothers correlated to maternal glucose (p 〈 0.05). In addition the mean glucose value (2–4 hours) was negatively correlated to IRI and proinsulin (p 〈 0.01) in the babies without antibodies, confirming that elevated maternal glucose leads to increased insulin secretion at the time of birth, which may lead to hypoglycaemia. In babies without antibodies birth weight correlated to their C-peptide (p 〈 0.01) and proinsulin (p 〈 0.01). The 31 babies of the diabetic mothers were born with higher C-peptide (1.01±0.16 nmol/ 1) than babies of non-diabetic mothers (0.39±0.04 nmol/1). The newborn infants secrete significantly more proinsulin than their mothers. Babies of mothers with insulin antibodies were born with the same concentrations of antibodies (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.98) as in their mothers, but total IRI was higher in these babies, due in part to human proinsulin being bound to the antibodies. There were significant correlations between insulin antibodies on the one hand, and IRI, proinsulin and C-peptide on the other, in the 11 babies, p 〈 0.001, p 〈 0.001 and p 〈 0.01, respectively, the last indicating increasing B-cell activity with higher antibody levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 7 (1971), S. 10-19 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glucagon ; radioimmunoassay ; specificity of anti-glueagon sera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un dosage radioimmtmologique a été élaboré pour le glueagon. Les anticorps, provoqués chez des lapins, étaient sensibles à 0.01 ng de glucagon dans 100 μl de solution. Le125I-glucagon, lié à l'antieorps, a été séparé du125I-glucagon libre par addition d'alcool ou par chromatographic sur papier Whatman 3 MNL Deux sortes de sérum antiglueagon ont été utilisés: l'un ne réagit pas avec l'agent intestinal immunoglucagonosemblable (ou GLI intestinal), l'autre lie aussi bien le glueagon pancréatique que le GLI intestinal, en donnant des courbes de dilutions identiques. Le glucagon pancréatique exogène et le GLI intestinal exog~ne subissaient une dégradation très poussée pendant la préparation du plasma, sans addition de trasylol. On a pu montrer de même une dénaturation du glucagon pancréatique et du GLI intestinal endogène, en l'absence de trasylol. Aria de prévenir route transformation du radio-glucagon pendant l'incubation dans le plasma, on a utilisé une méthode simple d'extraction du plasma permettant de récupérer à peu près 80% du glneagon pancréatique et du GLI intestinal. Des extraits plasmatiques, provenant de sujets normaux et à jeun, contenaient 0.26±0.024 ng équivalents de GLI pancréatique et 0.38±0.048 ng équivalents de GLI intestinal (moyenne de 21 échantillons ± écart-type de la moyenne). Pendant le test de tolérance au glucose oral (OGTT) on a observé une diminution du GLI pancréatique et une augmentation simultanée du GLI intestinal. La spécificité et la validité des mesures du glueagon sont discutées.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine radioirnmunologische Bestimmungsmethode für Glucagon entwickelt. Die bei Kaninchen erzeugten Antikörper sprachen bereits auf 0.01 ng Glueagon in einem Volumen von 100 μl an. Freies und antikörpergebundenes Glucagon warden durch Zusatz von Äthanol oder dureh Chromatographie auf What man 3 MM Papier getrennt. Zwei Antisera Typen wurden verwandt: Das sine reagierte nieht mit Darm GLI (Glucagon ähnliche Immunreaktivität), während das andere mit Panereas-Glueagon und mit Darm-GLI reagierte, wobei die Verdünnungskurven für beide Substanzen übereinstimmten. Exogenes Pancreas-Glueagon und Darm-GLI wurden bei der Präparation des Plasma stark abgebaut, werm kein Trasylol zugesetzt worden war. In Abwesenheit von Trasylol war auch sin Abbau yon endogenera Pancreas-Glueagon und Darm-GLI nachzuweisen. Die während der Inkubation in Plasma auftretende Denaturierung von125I-Glucagon ließ sich durch die Anwendung einer einfachen Plasma-Extraktionsmethode verhindern, die eine Wiederfindung yon 80% des Pancreas-Glueagons und der Darm-GLI erlaubte. Plasma-extrakte von Normalpersonen im Nüchternzustand enthielten 0.26±0.024 ng Äquival. Pancreas-Glucagon und 0.38±0.048 ng Äquival. Darm-GLI (Mittelwert von 21 Plasmaproben ± SEM). Während eines oralen GTT nahm die Pancreas-GLI ab, während die Darm-GLI anstieg. Die Spezifität und Aussagekraft der Glucagonmessungen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary A radioimmunoassay has been developed for glucagon. The antibodies raised in rabbits were sensitive to 0.01 ng of glueagon in a volume of 100 μl. The free and the antibody-bound125I-glucagon were separated by addition of ethanol or by paper chromatography on Whatman 3 MM. Two types of antisera were used: one that did not react, with gut GLI (glucagon-like immunoreactivity), and another one that reacted with both the pancreatic glucagon and the gut GLI, giving identical dilution curves for the two substances. Exogenous pan-creatic glueagon and gut GLI experienced a high degree of degradation during the preparation of plasma unless trasylol was added. A degradation of endogenous pancreatic and gut GLI could also be shown in the absence of trasylol. The damage to125I-glueagon occurring during incubation in plasma was eliminated by using an easy plasma extraction method yielding an approximately 80% recovery of pancreatic glueagon and gut GLI. Normal human fasting plasma extracts contained 0.26 ± 0.024 ng equiv, of pancreatic GLI and 0.38±0.048 ng equiv. of gut GLI (mean of 21 samples ± s.e.m.). During OGTT the pancreatic GLI decreased while the gut GLI increased. The specificity and validity of glueagon determinations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 8 (1972), S. 260-266 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; radioimmunoassay ; total IRI in insulin-treated diabetics ; acid ethanol extraction of insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On décrit une méthode de routine pour le dosage de l'IRI (insuline immunoréactive) totale chez les diabétiques traités par l'insuline. La méthode comprend une extraction à l'acide-éthanol, très simple, pendant laquelle l'IRI liée aux anticorps est dissociée et séparée ainsi que l'IRI »libre« des protéines sériques, anticorps compris. La récupération de l'IRI par cette méthode est aux environs de 80%. Après la séparation, l'IRI totale isolée est mesurée par un dosage immunologique qui se sert de l'éthanol afin de séparer l'I125-insuline libre de celle liée aux anticorps. Chez 169 malades diabétiques traités par l'insuline à des doses allant de 6 à 120 unités par jour, l'IRI totale sérique à jeun était de 6 à 4374 μU/ml, avec une moyenne de 392 μU/ml. Pendant le traitement par l'insuline le taux de l'IRI totale est passé des niveaux normaux, enregistrés pendant les deux premiers mois, à des niveaux plus éleévs qui se stabilisent 5 mois environ apres le début du traitement. L'augmentation de l'IRI coïncide avec la formation d'anticorps. Les malades insulino-résistants présentent des valeurs très hautes d'IRI.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Für die Bestimmung des Gesamt-IRI (immunoreaktiven Insulins) bei Diabetikern, die mit Insulin behandelt wurden, wird eine Routinemethode beschrieben. Die Methode schließt eine einfache SäureÄthanol-Extraktion ein, wobei das antikörpergebundene IRI dissoziiert und zusammen mit dem „freien“ IRI von den Serumproteinen, einschließlich den Antikörpern, getrennt wird. Bei diesem Verfahren werden etwa 80% des IRI wiedergefunden. Nach der Trennung wird das isolierte Gesamt-IRI immunologisch gemessen. Für die Trennung des freien von dem an Antikörper gebundenen125I-Insulin wird Äthanol verwendet. Bei 169 Diabetikern, die mit 6 bis 120 E Insulin/Tag behandelt wurden, lag das Nuchternserum-Gesamt-IRI zwischen 6 und 4374 μE/ml (Mittelwert 392 μE/ml). Im Laufe der Insulinbehandlung stieg das Gesamt-IRI von Normalwerten, die während der ersten 2 Monate registriert wurden, auf ein höheres Niveau an, das sich nach etwa 5 Monaten Behandlungsdauer stabilisierte. Der Anstieg des IRI erfolgte gleichzeitig mit der Bildung von Antikörpern. Bei insulinresistenten Patienten ergaben sich sehr hohe IRI-Konzentrationen.
    Notes: Summary A routine method is described for the determination of total IRI (imraunoreactive insulin) in insulintreated diabetics. The method involves an easy acid ethanol extraction, whereby antibody-bound IRI is dissociated and separated, together with the “free” IRI from the serum proteins and the antibodies. The recovery of IRI in this procedure is about 80%. After the separation, the isolated total IRI is measured in an immunoassay, using ethanol for the separation of free and antibody bound125I-insulin. In 169 diabetic patients treated with insulin in doses of from 6 to 120 units/day, the fasting serum total IRI was between 6 and 4374 μU/ml, with a mean of 392 μU/ml. During treatment with insulin, the level of total IRI increased from normal values, registered during the first two months, to a higher level which became stable after about 5 months of treatment. The increase in IRI occurred simultaneously with the formation of antibodies. Insulin-resistant patients showed very high IRI levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 389 (1980), S. 211-223 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Glomerular structure ; Morphometry ; Monocomponent insulin ; Antibody formation ; Mesangium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Weak nonspecific immunological stimuli can irritate the glomerular mesangium as observed following administration of insulin preparations of varying degrees of purity. In the present study further substances were investigated with regard to this effect. We wished to examine which substances obtained during purification of insulin are mainly responsible for the antigenicity, and whether porcine and bovine MC insulin have the same antigenic properties. Rabbits were treated for up to 90 days with bovine MC insulin, bovine proinsulin, bovine a + b-component, porcine a-component and porcine b-component. The kidneys were analysed morphometrically and antibody titers to bovine insulin, a-component, porcine PP and proinsulin were determined in the various test groups. It was found that bovine MC insulin and porcine MC insulin possess the same immunological activity, i.e. no antibody formation to either of the two insulins was demonstrable. Similarly, there were no differences in the morphometric findings; slight transient mesangial changes were demonstrable after both insulins. However a-component and b-component showed a pronounced immunogenic potency with antibody formation. Marked and partly persisting mesangial alterations were demonstrable, with the antigenicity of the a-component being particularly marked. The implication of the study is that a “pure” or optimally purified insulin should be used in the therapy of diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975), S. 1363-1364 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstrast.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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