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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 6317-6321 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ceramic/polymer composites made of calcium-modified lead titanate grains in the matrix of a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluorethylene, in a 65:35 volume fraction percentage, respectively, were produced in order to obtain mechanically strong ferroelectric films with improved piezo- and pyroelectric properties. Their poling behavior was studied using a modified ferroelectric hysteresis measurement setup that allowed for the measurement of the remanent polarization Pr and coercive field Ec, as a function of the peak of the sinusoidal applied field, the frequency of the excitation, and the poling temperature. The ranges of variation of the electric field, frequency, and temperature were from 5 to 25 MV/m, from 0.04 to 2 Hz, and from 50 to 120 °C, respectively. Estimates of the activation field and saturation polarization were calculated based on these measurements. The observed properties in the ferroelectric composites were then compared and correlated with the properties of the ceramic material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of food science & technology 25 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2621
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dehydrated cauliflower was prepared by soaking the blanched pieces in solutions of different concentrations of common salt and sucrose (cane sugar), alone and in combination, prior to drying in a cabinet drier and evaluated for sensory, rehydration, storage, microbiological, histological and sorption characteristics. While sucrose alone produced considerable improvement, salt supplemented its effect. The optimum treatment was soaking in 3% salt and 6% sucrose for 12–16h at 4°C it markedly reduced shrinkage and improved rehydration without affecting palatability. It was necessary to boil the soak solution for 3 min and cool prior to soaking to reduce microbial contamination. The treatment increased ascorbic acid loss by 8%. Monolayer moisture content calculated from BET equation was 6.5% (moisture-free) basis for treated and 5.3% for untreated. The treatment increased the shelf-life of the product from 3 to 12 months at ambient temperature when packaged in paper-foil-polythene laminate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 5691-5693 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Polarization reversal in a ferroelectric copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene is observed in a circuit with a large time constant. The contributions of the ferroelectric and nonferroelectric phases in the copolymer can be identified in the reversal currents. If the copolymer is poled at high temperature, then reversal currents measured subsequently at lower temperatures display an asymmetry which is consistent with the accumulation of space charge in the copolymer. Shifts in successive reversal currents indicate that this space-charge accumulation dissipates slowly during polarization reversal. Thermally stimulated discharge currents from poled samples, and from samples with partially reversed polarization, indicate that there may be two populations of dipoles in the copolymer which are affected to different degrees by the space charge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 467-473 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The mechanical and electrical properties of transducers are modeled by finite-difference representations of the relevant physical equations, and the numerical problems are discussed. The theory is applied to (a) a ceramic transducer of dimensions 1 cm×1 cm×200 μm, (b) a polymer P of the same dimensions, and (c) a 1–3 composite transducer consisting of transverse rods of ceramic embedded in a matrix of polymer. The results for the ceramic agree with the one-dimensional model, viz.:voltage of order 4–5 μV and no resonance below 10 MHz. For the polymer, the resonant frequency of 3.9 MHz is close to the 4 MHz predicted by the one-dimensional theory. For the composite, introduction of the ceramic has an immediate effect on s11, s12 and s13, whereas it has little effect on d31 unless the density of the ceramic in the mix is 30% or higher. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 461-463 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A semiempirical equation for the total stopping power for positrons in elements, compounds, and alloys has been found which is valid in the energy region from 0.01 to 1000 MeV. Values of the total stopping power obtained by the present approach are in good agreement with the theoretical values recently reported by Berger and Seltzer [National Bureau of Standards Internal Report No. 82-2550-A (1982)] within a 5% discrepancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 986-989 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The extrapolated range Rex and the projected range Rpr of electrons in metal absorbers have been calculated using the Wilson expression for mean range of high-energy electrons. The results are in good agreement with experimental values reported by Tabata, Ito, and Okabe [J. Appl. Phys. 42, 3361 (1971)]. Schematic comparison of the calculated values with experimental data is made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 2151-2160 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new method for measuring the spatial distribution of combined polarization and space charges in poled polymer electrets has been developed. The technique, called the laser-intensity-modulation method (LIMM), is based upon measurement of the pyroelectric current generated by the electret when it is heated with a laser beam which is intensity-modulated at frequencies varying from 200 to 2500 Hz. A special analytical technique is used to transform the current-frequency measurements to spatial distributions. The method gives high resolution and is very stable with respect to measurement errors. The technique can be easily implemented in a laboratory with conventional equipment. The advantages and limitations of LIMM are illustrated by means of calculations based upon simulated data. Experimental results on a number of laboratory and commercially poled samples are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Intermediate moisture carrot slices were prepared by soaking the blanched slices for 12–16 hr in 6% brine followed by partial hot air dehydration to 50% moisture. Sucrose and glycerol at 10% and 5% levels respectively in the soak solution improved their texture on rehydration significantly. The concentrations of additives used were sufficient to ensure microbiological stability at the IM level but reached tolerable levels to taste on rehydration. Coating of the slices with BHA combined with mild compression yielded a shelf life of more than 6 months at room temperature and 37°C as judged by carotene loss and off-flavor development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Diphallus ; Colonic duplication ; Anorectal malformation ; Ileal atresia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Diphallus is a rare congenital anomaly that is often associated with various other anomalies of the midline structures of the posterior portion of the body. We report a unique case of a 1-day-old male with complete diphallus, incomplete bilateral tubular duplications of the colon, ileal atresia, and an anorectal malformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1437-9813
    Keywords: Key words Esophageal atresia ; Tracheoesophageal fistula ; Duodenal atresia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A new variant of esophageal atresia (EA) with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) associated with duodenal atresia is reported. The TEF was between the lower pouch and the trachea, with a cystic dilatation in the midportion. The tracheal end of the fistula was obstructed by a membranous septum at both ends of a cystic dilatation, leading to a diagnosis of pure EA (gasless abdomen). After the lower pouch was opened beyond the cystic dilatation, 100 ml nonbilious fluid was obtained. A laparotomy revealed a type III atresia of the first part of the duodenum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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