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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; border repeats ; crown gall tumours ; pseudo borders ; Ti plasmid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The successful transfer of the Ti plasmid T region to the plant cell is mediated by its 24 bp border repeats. Processing of the T-region prior to transfer to the plant cell is started at the right border repeat and is stimulated by a transfer enhancer sequence called “overdrive”. Left and right border repeats differ somewhat in nucleotide sequence; moreover, the repeats of different Ti and Ri plasmids are slightly different. Our data indicate that these differences do not have a significant influence on border activity. However, the overdrive sequence is essential for the efficient transfer of a T region via an octopine transfer system. Our data suggest that an overdrive sequence must also be present next to the right border repeats of the nopaline Ti plasmid and the agropine of octopine and nopaline Ti plasmids express some differences in T-DNA processing activities. of cotopine and nopaline Ti plasmids express some differences in T-DNA processing activities. Furthermore, we demonstrate that certain pseudo border repeats, sequences that resemble the native 24 bp border repeat and naturally occur within the octopine Ti plasmid T-region, are able to mediate T region transfer to the plant cell, albeit with much reduced efficiency as compared to wild-type border repeats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: 2A11 gene ; tomato ; fruit-specific expression ; promoter ; regulatory elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Fruit-specific expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity was produced in transgenic tomato plants when the GUS-coding region was flanked by 5′ and 3′ regions of the tomato 2A11 gene. Deletion studies on the 5′ region revealed a number of strong regulatory elements involved in the proper expression of the 2A11 gene. A 4.0 kb and a 1.3 kb 5′ region can confer high-level fruit-specific GUS expression, while a 1.8 kb 5′ region produces no GUS activity in leaf or fruit tissue. Thus, a strong negative regulatory element is present in the region between 1324 bp and 1796 bp upstream of the 2A11 transcriptional start and a strong fruit-specific positive regulatory element is present more than 1.8 kb upstream of the transcriptional start site. The 1.8 kb promoter region can be activated by the upstream insertion of the CaMV 35S enhancer sequence, albeit not in a fruit-specific fashion. Substitution of the 3′ region of the 2A11 gene with a different 3′ region does not seem to affect GUS expression significantly, indicating a minor role, if any, for the 3′ region in the fruit-specific expression of the 2A11 gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; border mutants ; border repeats ; plant tumours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Left-and right-border repeats, which surround the T-region, contain two conserved regions separated by 5 bp that are not conserved. At the onset of T-DNA processing virD-encoded proteins introduce a nick in the largest of these conserved regions (12 bp) at a specific position in the bottom strand between a guanine and thymine nucleotide [2, 33]. In this paper we describe the effect of several site-directed mutations in the right-border repeat on tumorigenicity of Agrobacterium in plants. Our data show that mutations introduced directly around the nick site do not seriously affect the tumorigenicity of Agrobacterium, whereas mutations in the right part of this 12 bp conserved region do so. Furthermore, it appeared that the second conserved region (5 bp) is also essential for border activity and that the distance between the two conserved regions is important to obtain optimal border activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; plant tumors ; T-DNA ; border repeats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Border fragments of the octopine Ti-plasmid were tested for their ability to restore tumorigenicity of an avirulent mutant carrying a deleted right border. It was found that neither introduction of left border fragments nor that of small right border fragments at the position of the deletion resulted in a complete restoration of oncogenicity. However, insertion of a larger right border fragment in the deletion mutant gave fully oncogenic strains. In the latter case sequences to the right side of the right border repeat were found to be responsible for a complete restoration of oncogenicity. Also a left border repeat inserted together with this enhancer sequence fully restored the oncogenicity of the deletion mutant. The enhancer-sequence on itself was not able to mediate the transfer of the T-region to the plant cell. Border fragments inserted in inverted orientation in the deletion mutant were able to mediate the transfer of the T-region to the plant cell, but at a reduced frequency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Plant vectors ; binary vector system ; Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; Ti plasmid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Agrobacterium strains harbouring the T-region and the virulence-region of the Ti plasmid on separate replicons still display efficient T-DNA transfer to plants. Based on this binary vector strategy we have constructed T-region derived gene vectors for the introduction of foreign DNA into plants. The vectors constructed can replicate in E. coli, thus the genetic manipulations with them can be performed with E. coli as a host. They can be transferred to Agrobacterium as a cointegrate with the wide host range plasmid R772. Their T-regions are transferred to plant cells from Agrobacterium strains conferring virulence functions. The plasmid pRAL 3940 reported here is 11.5 kb large, contains a marker to identify transformed plant cells and unique restriction sites for direct cloning of passenger DNA, flanked by the left- and right-hand border fragments of the T-region (including the 25 bp border repeats). The plasmid is free of onc-genes. Therefore, is does not confer tumorigenic traits on the transformed plant cells and mature, fertile plants can thus be regenerated from them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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