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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic overproduction of islet amyloid polypeptide/amylin in transgenic mice: lysosomal localization of human islet amyloid polypeptide and lack of marked hyperglycaemia or hyperinsulinaemia (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 1258-1265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Islet amyloid polypeptide ; amylin ; transgenic mouse ; islet beta cell ; islet amyloid ; glucose metabolism ; insulin resistance ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is characterised by hyperglycaemia, peripheral insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion and pancreatic islet amyloid formation. The major constituent of islet amyloid is islet amyloid polypeptide (amylin). Islet amyloid polypeptide is synthesized by islet beta cells and co-secreted with insulin. The ability of islet amyloid polypeptide to form amyloid fibrils is related to its species-specific amino acid sequence. Islet amyloid associated with diabetes is only found in man, monkeys, cats and racoons. Pharmacological doses of islet amyloid polypeptide have been shown to inhibit insulin secretion as well as insulin action on peripheral tissues (insulin resistance). To examine the role of islet amyloid polypeptide in the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes, we have generated transgenic mice with the gene encoding either human islet amyloid polypeptide (which can form amyloid) or rat islet amyloid polypeptide, under control of an insulin promoter. Transgenic islet amyloid polypeptide mRNA was detected in the pancreas in all transgenic mice. Plasma islet amyloid polypeptide levels were significantly elevated (up to 15-fold) in three out of five transgenic lines, but elevated glucose levels, hyperinsulinaemia and obesity were not observed. This suggests that insulin resistance is not induced by chronic hypersecretion of islet amyloid polypeptide. Islet amyloid polypeptide immunoreactivity was localized to beta-cell secretory granules in all mice. Islet amyloid polypeptide immunoreactivity in beta-cell lysosomes was seen only in mice with the human islet amyloid polypeptide gene, as in human beta cells, and might represent an initial step in intracellular formation of amyloid fibrils. These transgenic mice provide a unique model with which to examine the physiological function of islet amyloid polypeptide and to study intracellular and extracellular handling of human islet amyloid polypeptide in pancreatic islets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400803
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of dialysate magnesium concentration on serum PTH-levels in patients on maintenance haemodialysis (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 51-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Uremic osteodystrophy ; parathyroid hormone ; magnesium ; calcium ; secondary hyperparathyroidism ; Urämische Osteopathie ; Serum-Parathormon ; Magnesium ; Calcium ; sekundärer Hyperparathyreoidismus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Erhöhung der Dialysat-Magnesium-Konzentration von 1,5 mval/l auf 2,5 mval/l bei Verwendung einer Dialysat-Calcium-Konzentration von 3,5 mval/l führte zu keiner signifikanten Reduktion der radioimmunologisch gemessenen Serum-Parathormonspiegel. Bei ausreichend hohen Dialysat-Calcium-Konzentrationen bewirkt somit die Erhöhung der Dialysat-Magnesiumspiegel keine weitere meßbare Reduktion der PTH-Ausschüttung.
    Notes: Summary An inerease of dialysate magnesium concentration from 1.5 mval/l to 2.5 mval/l did not reduce significantly i PTH levels in haemodialysed patients, dialysed against 3.5 mEq Ca/l in the dialysate. Thus, when sufficiently high Ca concentrations in the dialysate are used, no further reduction of serum PTH levels is seen by elevating Mg in dialysate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01468523
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Parathyreoidea-Funktion bei chronisch hämodialysierten Patienten (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 55 (1977), S. 811-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Calcium ; Renal hyperparathyroidism ; Parathyroid-suppression ; Chronic hemodialysis ; Calcium ; Renaler Hyperparathyreoidismus ; Parathyreoidea-Suppression ; Chronische Hämodialyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In drei Gruppen von Dialysepatienten wurden die Auswirkungen einer akuten Anhebung der Calcium-Konzentration auf die prädialytischen Parathormon (PTH)-Konzentrationen untersucht. In der ersten Gruppe (13 Patienten) waren die prädialytischen PTH-Konzentrationen normal, in der zweiten Gruppe (11 Patienten) leicht erhöht, in der dritten Gruppe (5 Patienten) stark erhöht. Calcium wurde durch Atomabsorptions-Spektralphotometrie, Parathormon radioimmunologisch bestimmt. Bei Dialysepatienten mit normalen prädialytischen PTH-Konzentrationen war eine Korrelation zwischen der Serum-Ca- und der Serum-PTH-Konzentration nicht nachzuweisen. Sowohl bei Patienten mit leicht, wie auch mit stark erhöhten prädialytischen PTH-Konzentrationen ergab sich eine signifikante, lineare, negative Korrelation zwischen der Serum-Ca-und der Serum-PTH-Konzentration, die allerdings nur innerhalb von Gruppen annähernd gleicher Überfunktion eng war. Eine von der Höhe der prädialytischen PTH-Konzentration unabhängige, enge, lineare, negative Korrelation findet sich, wenn die Serum-Ca-Konzentration nicht mit den absoluten PTH-Konzentrationen, sondern mit der Änderung der PTH-Konzentration in % korreliert wird.
    Notes: Summary In three groups of hemodialysis patients the effects of an acute elevation of the serum calcium concentration on the predialysis parathyroid hormone concentration was studied. In the first group (13 patients) the predialysis parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were normal, in the second group (11 patients) slightly elevated, in the third group (5 patients) highly elevated. Calcium was determined by atomic absorption-spectrophotometry, PTH by radioimmunological methods. In hemodialysis patients with normal predialysis PTH concentrations a correlation between the serum calcium concentration and the serum PTH concentration could not be detected. In hemodialysis patients with slightly as well as with highly elevated predialysis PTH concentrations a significant, linear, negative correlation was found between the calcium and the PTH concentration. This correlation, however, was only strong within groups of similar parathyroid hyperfunction. If instead of the absolute PTH concentration calcium is correlated with the changes of the PTH concentration in per cent, a strong correlation between these two parameters can be detected, it is independent of the degree of parathyroid hyperfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01651270
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyperparathyreoidismus (HPT) bei Dialysepatienten: Untersuchungen zum Regelkreis und Klassifikationsprobleme (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 1251-1259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hyperparathyroidism ; Hemodialysis ; Renal osteodystrophy ; Hyperparathyreoidismus ; Hämodialyse ; Renale Osteopathie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 22 chronischen Hämodialysepatienten mit prädialytisch erhöhten PTH-Konzentrationen wurden Parathyreoidea-Suppressionstests unter simultaner Messung von Ca und PTH durchgeführt. Ca wurde durch Atomabsorptions-Spektralphotometrie, PTH radioimmunologisch gemessen. Während des akuten Anstiegs der Ca-Konzentration ergab sich eine enge, hochsignifikante Beziehung zwischen der absoluten Änderung der Ca-Konzentration und dem prozentualen Abfall der PTH-Konzentration. Auf zellulärer Ebene war damit bei allen Patienten dieselbe regulative Antwort auslösbar, unabhängig von der im einzelnen sehr unterschiedlichen absoluten Höhe der präsuppressiven PTH-Ausgangskonzentrationen. Dieses Ergebnis, zusammen mit anderen Befunden aus der Literatur, wurden dazu verwendet, den reinen regulativen Hyperparathyreoidismus als eine in typischen Phasen ablaufende Erkrankung zu beschreiben. Einige bisher unklare Phänomene des regulativen Hyperparathyreoidismus finden dann eine Erklärung, wenn exakt zwischen Regulation auf zellulärer und auf Organ-Ebene unterschieden wird. Die “klassische” Einteilung des Hyperparathyreoidismus in autonome und regulative Formen hat unserer Meinung nach auf zellulärer Ebene nach wie vor ihre volle Gültigkeit.
    Notes: Summary In a series of 22 patients undergoing chronic intermittend hemodialysis the response in secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to an acute increase in serum calcium (Ca) concentration was studied. All patients had raised levels of predialysis PTH. Ca concentrations were measured by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry and PTH concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. A close, significant, linear, negative correlation was demonstrated by regression analysis when Ca concentrations were correlated to changes in PTH, expressed as a percentage of the initial predialysis PTH value (100%). This finding supports the assumption that the function of the parathyroid gland at cellular level is similar in all patients, irrespective of very different predialysis PTH concentrations in peripheral blood. The results together with findings in literature were used to describe secondary hyperparathyroidism as a disease which shows typical phases during progression. Some still obscure phenomens of secondary hyperparathyroidism can be explained by discriminating between parathyroid function at a cellular and an organ level. The classification of hyperparathyroidism in regulative and autonomous forms only seems to be appliable when refered to the cellular level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01747757
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Normocalcemia with persistent increase of parathyroid hormone: A prospective study (1992)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 51 (1992), S. 27-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Twelve patients were followed up for 3 months after parathyroidectomy. Serial measurements of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, and phosphate were made. Four patients had an increased serum PTH postoperatively, which was already apparent by the third postoperative day. All patients became normocalcemic. Their hyperparathyroid-like phosphate parameters indicated that we were dealing with a biologically active PTH. Using preoperative biochemical parameters it was impossible to predict which patients would have an increased PTH post-parathyroidectomy (PTX). Probably the patients with high PTH post-PTX had higher parathyroid volumes. In our opinion after PTX, a normocalcemic high PTH situation should be avoided by 3 1/2 parathyroid gland extirpation in all cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296213
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased plasma calcitonin levels in young spontaneously hypertensive rats: role in disturbed phosphate homeostasis (1987)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 408 (1987), S. 395-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Spontaneously hypertensive rat ; Calcitonin ; 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol ; Parathyroid hormone ; Phosphate metabolism ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto controls (WKY) several parameters of phosphate and calcium homeostasis were determined. At 6 and 8 weeks, blood analysis revealed a significant hypophosphatemia (p〈0.001) in SHR and twice as high plasma calcitonin levels in SHR than in WKY controls. At 8 weeks, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol concentration was 20% higher in SHR (p〈0.02) while 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was unaltered (p〈0.51). In addition total immunoreactive PTH, iPTH, was slightly increased (p〈0.07) but intact PTH (1–84) (p〉0.90) was not significantly different from age matched WKY controls. Also at 8 weeks, a slightly reduced serum ionized Ca2+ concentration (p〈0.001) with no change in total serum calcium was found in SHR (p〉0.39). Balance studies at 6 and 8 weeks of age revealed no significantly different balances for phosphate (F=2.5,p〉0.10) and for calcium (F=2.6,p〉0.09), although a tendency for slightly more positive balaces existed in SHR when compared to WKY. However, SHR excreted significantly less phosphate in the urine than WKY control (F=0.2,p〈0.0009). Bone analysis was performed on femora of SHR and WKY of 6 weeks of age. Femora were significantly shorter in SHR (20.54±0.35 vs. 21.50±0.05 mm in WKY), whereas bone dry weight (127±6 vs. 107±2mg), bone ash weight (79±4 vs. 66±1 mg) and bone volume (0.196±0.007 vs. 0.165±0.004 cm3) were significantly greater in SHR. Calcium content per femur (717±35 vs. 617±11 μmol Ca/femur) and phosphate content per femur (512±23 vs. 447±8 μmol P/femur) were also significantly higher in SHR. It is discussed that the disturbances in phosphate homeostasis may be secondary to the strikingly increased plasma calcitonin levels present in young SHR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581135
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical use of a parathyroid hormone determination (1976)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 22 (1976), S. 412-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02064115
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diminished effect of etidronate in vitamin D deficient osteopenic postmenopausal women (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 51 (1996), S. 145-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Etidronate ; Vitamin D deficiency; postmenopausal women ; osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The effects of vitamin D deficiency in osteopenic postmenopausal women treated with intermittent cyclical etidronate have been studied. Bone mass and biochemical parameters as bone markers were measured before and after one year of therapy with intermittent cyclical etidronate. Results: In 30 patients without vitamin D deficiency, bone mass in the lumbal spine and femoral neck was significantly increased compared to 28 vitamin D deficient patients. After cyclical intermittent etidronate therapy, serum osteocalcin and PTH were significantly increased in the vitamin D deficient patients, whereas in non-vitamin D deficient patients they did not change. Conclusion: It is worthwhile measuring serum vitamin D before starting etidronate therapy and, in case of deficiency, to give vitamin D.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050175
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twenty-four-hour plasma growth hormone (GH) profiles, urinary GH excretion, and plasma insulin-like growth factor-I and -II levels in prepubertal children with chronic renal insufficiency and severe growth retardation (1991)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 5 (1991), S. 303-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00867485
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