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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 8 (1969), S. 150-158 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 8 (1969), S. 16-24 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 9 (1970), S. 401-411 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 9 (1970), S. 634-640 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 10 (1971), S. 326-329 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird theoretisch das dynamische Verhalten viskoelastischer Flüssigkeiten in einer einfachen Scherströmung untersucht. Als Versuch zur Beschreibung des dynamischen Verhaltens von Polymerlösungen, die experimentell vonPhilippoff untersucht worden waren, werden hier Zustandsgieichungen vom Differentialtyp benutzt. Das hier untersuchte dynamische System berücksichtigt die Schergeschwindigkeit und die Normalspannungen als abhängige Variable von der Schubspannung, die während der Anlaufzeit konstant gehalten wird. Es zeigt sich, daß das Dreikonstantenmodell vonOldroyd das experimentell beobachtete Verhalten qualitativ beschreibt.
    Notes: Summary A theoretical study is undertaken on the dynamical behaviour of viscoelastic fluids in simple shearing flow. In the present study differential-type constitutive equations are chosen in attempting to describe the dynamical behaviour of polymer solutions experimentally observed byPhilippoff. The dynamical system studied here takes into account shear rate and normal stresses as the dependent variables with shear stress kept constant during the transient period. It is found that the 3-constantOldroyd model describes qualitatively the experimentally observed behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 10 (1971), S. 398-401 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit einem Kapillar-Viskosimeter, das kürzlich vonHan entworfen worden ist, sind Messungen sowohl der viskosen als auch der elastischen Eigenschaften von Polystyrol-Schmelzen durchgeführt worden. Die viskosen Eigenschaften werden aus dem Verlauf der axialen Druekverteilung ermittelt, während die elastischen Eigenschaften aus dem Austrittsdruck bestimmt werden, der sich am Bohrende ergibt, wenn der geradlinige Teil des Axialdruckprofils bis zum Rohraustritt extrapoliert wird. Frühere Untersuchungen vonHan zeigten, daß der so ermittelte Austrittsdruck mit Strangaufweitungsverhältnissen korreliert werden kann und daß der Austrittsdruck bei Polymer-Schmelzen bei voll ausgebildetem viskosimetrischen Fließen gleich der Normalspannungsdifferenz ist. Die vorliegende Untersuchung von Polystyrol-Schmelzen bekräftigt alle früheren Beziehungen, die durch Messungen des Austrittsdrucks an HD-Polyäthylen und Polypropylen-Schmelzen erhalten worden waren. Der Vorteil der hier entwickelten Methode liegt darin, daß nur eine einzige Kapillare benötigt wird, die so lang gewählt sein muß, daß die Strömung voll ausgebildet ist.
    Notes: Summary Measurements were taken of both viscous and elastic properties of polystyrene melts, using a capillary rheometer recently constructed byHan. The viscous property is determined from the slope of the axial pressure distribution, and the elastic property is determined from the exit pressure, which is obtained at the tube exit when the straight line portion of the axial pressure profile is extrapolated to the exit of the tube. Previous studies ofHan demonstrated that the exit pressure thus obtained can be correlated with die swell ratios, and that the exit pressure is equal to the normal stress difference for polymer melts in fully developed viscometric flow. The present study of polystyrene melts corroborates all previous correlations obtained with high density polyethylene and polypropylene melts as regard the exit pressure measurements. A salient feature of the method employed here is that it requires only a single capillary, long enough to assure that flow is fully developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 11 (1972), S. 313-322 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Summary Measurements were taken of the thrust of liquid jets ejecting from a long capillary into air for aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide (ET 597) of various concentrations. The measurements were then used to determine axial normal stresses for two capillary diameters: 1.52 mm (L/D = 201.5) and 2.44 mm (L/D = 207.2). The results show that the calculated values of the axial normal stress are higher for the larger capillary diameter than for the smaller, as recently reported byPowell andMiddleman. It has been further found that this diameter effect becomes more pronounced as the concentration of solute is increased. For the same materials, we also measured the primary normal stress difference by means of aWeissenberg rheogoniometer. Comparison between the two kinds of measurements shows that the magnitude of axial normal stresses is much smaller than that of normal stress differences over the range of shear rates studied (200 ∼ 20,000 sec−1) for the materials investigated. This result seems to point out the necessity of measuring the wall normal stresses, which are believed to depend not only on the capillary diameter, but also on the concentration. The authors therefore contend that, in general, the measurement of axial normal stresses alone is not sufficient to completely determine the elastic properties of viscoelastic solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 11 (1972), S. 323-329 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Summary In order to measure the wall normal stresses of viscoelastic solutions, slit dies have been designed. An advantage of using the slit dies, instead of circular tubes, is that pressure transducers can be mounted flush with solid wall, so that “pressure-hole” errors, if any, can be eliminated completely in the measurements of wall normal stresses. Although the geometry of the slit die is different from that of circular tubes, the flow through a thin slit die can, to a good approximation, be considered as one-dimensional by making the aspect ratio of a slot large enough. The slit dies designed for the present study have aspect ratios of 100, 50, 30, and 20. Three pressure transducers were flush-mounted on the long side of the rectangular slot along the longitudinal center line of the die, and measurements of wall normal stresses were made with aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide (ET 597) of various concentrations. Then, exit pressures were determined by extrapolating the straight line portion of the axial pressure distributions to the duct exit. It has been found that the exit pressure increases with solution concentration at a fixed shear rate, and it also increases with shear rate of a given concentration of solution. The exit pressure measurements were then used to completely determine the primary normal stress difference, by using the measurements of axial normal stresses reported in part I of this series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 14 (1975), S. 533-549 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Summary An attempt is made at giving an appraisal of some representative rheological models of both differential and integral type, using the standard rheological measurements of six polymer melts. Experimental data obtained were the steady shear viscosity and the first normal stress difference by means of aWeissenberg rheogoniometer over the range of shear rates: 10−2 ~ 10 sec−1, and by means of aHan slit/capillary rheometer over the range of shear rates: 10 ~ 103 sec−1. Also measured by means of theWeissenberg rheogoniometer were the dynamic viscosity and dynamic elastic modulus over the range of frequencies: 0.3 × 10−2 ~ 3 × 102 sec−1. Rheological models chosen for an appraisal are theSpriggs 4-constant model, theMeister model, and theBogue model. It is found that the capability of the three models considered is about the same in their prediction of the rheological behavior of polymer melts in simple shearing flow. It is pointed out however that, due to the ensuing mathematical complexities, the usefulness of these models is limited to the study of flow problems associated with simple flow situations. Therefore, in analysing the complex flow situations often encountered with various polymer processings, the authors suggest use of the empirical models of the power-law type for both the viscosity and normal stress functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 9 (1970), S. 355-365 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch Formulierung einer Gleichung für das Kräftegleichgewicht einer stationären Flüssigkeit unter axialer Spannung wird die Spinnfähigkeit von Fasern theoretisch untersucht. Um den Einfluß der elastischen Eigenschaften auf eine Spinnflüssigkeit zu bestimmen, wird ein einfaches Modell einer dreikonstantigen Oldroyd-Flüssigkeit zur Lösung der Gleichung benutzt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Einfluß des Erstarrungsprozesses (Koagulation beim Naßspinnen und Abkühlung beim Schmelzspinnen) nicht betrachtet, so daß sich die Untersuchungen auf einen kurzen Bereich nach Austritt aus der Spinndüse beschränken. Dennoch erscheint die bei diesen Untersuchungen vorgenommene Näherung gerechtfertigt, weil man in der Praxis annimmt, daß ein Fadenbruch beim Spinnen in einem kurzen Abstand von der Spinndüse auftritt. Aus der Lösung dieser Gleichung wird eine Beziehung zwischen der Abzugsspannung und Strahldehnung abgeleitet mit der Elastizität der Spinnflüssigkeit als Parameter. Ein Kriterium für die Spinnbarkeit wird in Abhängigkeit von der kritischen Dehnspannung, die charakteristisch ist für eine gegebene Spinnflüssigkeit, eingeführt. Einige Ergebnisse werden mitgeteilt und diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary A theoretical investigation on fiber spinnability is undertaken, by formulating the force balance equation for a steady liquid thread under axial tension. In order to investigate the effect of the elastic properties of a spin dope, a simple model of a three-constantOldroyd fluid is chosen to solve the force balance equation. In the present study the effect of a hardening process (coagulation in wet spinning and cooling in melt spinning) is not considered, which confines our investigation to a very short distance from the face of the spinnerette. However, the approach taken in the present investigation is justifiable because in practice the breakdown of a thread in fiber spinning is believed to occur at a very short distance from the spinnerette. Prom the solution of the force balance equation a relation between the pullaway tension and jet stretch is obtained, with the elasticity of the spin dope as parameter. A criterion for spinnability is introduced in terms of the critical tensile stress which is the characteristic of a given spin dope. Some of the results are presented and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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