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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 147 (1974), S. 479-490 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Proline ; Keratohyalin ; Basal lamina ; Epithelium ; Autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mouse lingual epithelium incorporates significant amounts of L-proline-2, 3-H3 one hour after intraperitoneal injection of the tritiated amino acid. All viable cell strata incorporated approximately equal amounts of proline as assessed by autoradiographic techniques. Grain counts at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 4 hours and 24 hours, the four time periods studied, indicated a progressive incorporation of proline up to 4 hours following injection. Preferential incorporation of proline into any one cell structure or group of structures was not observed. Keratohyalin granules (KHG's) demonstrated incorporated proline; however, usually only one silver grain appeared over each granule, and, based on grain counts, the amount of proline incorporated by KHG's appeared slightly less than the general labeling observed in KHG-containing cells. This finding supports recent biochemical studies which have indicated a considerably lower proline content of keratohyalin than had previously been reported. Significant proline incorporation into the epithelial basal lamina was not observed during the 24 hours of this study. Thus, while recent recombination experiments have conclusively demonstrated that epithelial basal cells synthesize considerable quantities of basal lamina in a 24 hour period; it would appear that epithelial basal cells contribute little to a formed, intact basal lamina. This finding lends credence to the concept of a long basal lamina turnover time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of capillaries and arterioles of the hamster dental pulp has been studied. Pieces of the incisor pulp were fixed in 1% OsO4 buffered with 0.14 M veronal acetate, embedded in epoxy resin and studied in an electron microscope. The basic cytoplasmic organization of endothelial cells confirmed observations on blood vessels of other organs made by previous investigators. A large number of intracytoplasmic fibrils were found in many endothelial cells, and their presence was discussed in relation to earlier reports on the contractility of endothelial cells. Previous observations on the structural details of the intercellular region of the endothelium were confirmed and elaborated upon. The manner in which the cytoplasmic flaps of adjoining cells were oriented indicated that, if the integrity of the capillary wall was maintained, only cells with capacity for ameboid movement could creep through the region. Thus they were thought to play a role as an effective barrier against the passage of red blood cells. Numerous micropinocytosis and pinocytosis vesicles were found in association with plasma membranes. The significance of their structure in the transport of materials across the capillary wall is discussed. The fine structure of the pericyte resembled that of the fibroblast. Portions of plasma membranes of adjacent smooth muscle cells in the media of arterioles were brought together closely and resembled attachment zones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of intercellular substances and rounded cells of the incisor dental pulp of guinea pigs is described. The extracellular fibrils are of two kinds; collagen with typical cross-striations, varying from 400-700 Å in diameter, and fine fibrils of 100-120 Å in diameter. In cross section the latter fibrils appeared to be composed of three or four smaller subunits of less than 50 Å in diameter. The collagen fibril in the dental pulp appear singly or in small bundles of about a dozen or more fibrils. The fine fibrils are often aggregated along the cell surface.The ground substances are finely granular to fibrillar and show localized clumping which is related to fibrillar elements. The ground substances form an incomplete covering of 200 Å or more in thickness surrounuding collagen fibrils. When the collagen fibrils make a bundle, the sheath of grouund substances around one fibril becomes fused with that of adjacent fibrils.Rounded cells including macrophages, lymphocytes and eosinophils are present in the pulp. The fine structure of these cells is similar to that found in the same types of cells previously observed in other organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The differentiation of the fibroblast was followed in the dental pulp of continuously growing incisors of the guinea pig. Based on the ultrastructure, the processes of differentiation of the fibroblasts might be conveniently broken into three stages; Stage I - period of early differentiation, Stage II - period of maturation and functioning, and Stage III - period of regression.During Stage I the cell had structural characteristics shared by other less differentiated cells. The endoplasmic reticulum was poorly developed, showing vesicular to tubular profiles. The ribosomes were abundant but were mostly distributed in free form. Mitochondria were small and had irregular interiors.Stage II was characterized by a striking development of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, which appeared in various shapes and sizes. The Golgi complex was enlarged, and contained some fibriller materials in dilated portions of its membraneous elements. Other features described in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts from other sources were confirmed.Stage III was characterized by the decrease in size and number of various cytoplasmic constituents and was considered to represent cells in the state of regression.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cytoplasm of the megakaryocyte in the rat spleen possesses three zones, the perinuclear, intermediate and marginal. The perinuclear zone is characterized by the presence of Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. These organelles are found also in the more voluminous intermediate zone which in addition exhibits platelet granules and an extensive development of vesicles from smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum to form demarcation membranes by coalescence. The marginal zone is almost devoid of the organelles and inclusions present elsewhere. Shedding of platelets appears to occur by extension of a paired demarcation membrane from the intermediate zone to the cell membrane and subsequent separation of its lamellae so that all of the essential organelles and inclusions of the intermediate zone may be included within the platelet. In addition, platelets contain vesicles which are probably pinocytotic in nature. Platelets are sometimes engulfed by the cytoplasm of phagocytic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of anoxia on protein synthesis of developing connective tissue cells was studied by radioautography. Neonatal rats were subjected to anoxia for 20 minutes and were immediately injected with 3 μc/gm body weight of leucine-H3intraperitoneally. They were sacrificed at different intervals after injection. Control animals were handled identically, except that atmospheric air was made available. The heads of the animals were prepared for radioautography in the standard manner. The number of grains was counted over individual fibrobalsts, osteoblasts and chondrocytes of histologically comparable regions, and the data were statistically evaluated.The number of grains per cell was significantly lower in experimental animals sacrificed at one hour after the anoxic treatment and leucine-H3administration. At this time, the average grain number per cell in the experimental animal was less than 50% of the control. The difference was about 20% by four hours and was negligible after 24 hours. The result is interpreted to indicate that the overall protein synthesis in connective tissues is immediately but temporarily suppressed by anoxia and that such suppression might lead to a later functional disturbance among these cells.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A study has been made of the salivary glands of the rat following an injection of a sublethal dose of actinomycin D. Body weights and weights of the parotid and submandibular glands showed significant decreases during the first 7 to 14 days. The loss in weight was the greatest in the parotid gland.Histological and cytological observations indicated that the changes in secretory cells occurred in the following order: (1) beginning of nuclear pyknosis with a rapid decrease in number and size of nuclei by 24 hours after the injection; (2) advanced stages of nuclear pyknosis with concomitant decrease in cytoplasmic basophilia and granules by day 3; (3) apparent vacuolization and rarification of cytoplasm by day 7; (4) beginning of nucleolar and nuclear recovery by day 10; and (5) complete cytoplasmic recovery by the end of experiment as evidenced by the return of basophilia and disappearance of vacuoles.Paralleling the weight changes, cytological damages were greater in the parotid than in the submandibular acini. This was thought to be related to differences in nature of secretory products by the two organs. A decrease in number and pronounced irregularity in size of the granules in salivary ducts of the submandibular gland were observed but at a later time than the above mentioned changes in the acini. The significance of these changes has been discussed in light of the recently gained knowledge on the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins as related to the chemical mechanism of actinomycin D in the inhibition of m-RNA synthesis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rat parotid glands have been examined by electron microscopy and radioautography (H3-leucine incorporation) at various intervals following an injection of actinomycin D in the amount of 0.125 μg per gram of body weight. Light microscopic observations confirmed results from previous experiments similar to this. Radioautographs showed a definite drop in number of silver grains in acinar cells of the parotid from experimental animals. This was most pronounced in 7-day rats which received H3-leucine four hours prior to sacrifice. Electron microscopic observations revealed a generalized reduction in number and degree of the organization of organelles concerned with protein synthesis. Furthermore, frequent appearances of lipid droplets, cytolysomes and crystalloid structures were noted. Changes of the nucleolus included the reduction of its size and the formation of spherical encapsulated bodies. A brief discussion is made of these results in relation to the biochemical nature of actinomycin effects on protein producing cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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